Ammonia-containing sizing compositions

Claim 1

A sizing composition which comprises sizing effective amounts of a rosin that is modified with from about 5 to 50 percent, based on the weight of the rosin, of an organic acidic compound selected from the group consisting of an α, β -unsaturated aliphatic acid containing from about 3 to 6 carbon atoms, an anhydride thereof, and their mixtures; ammonia in amounts sufficient to enhance the sizing characteristics of the composition; ammonium salt effective to, and in amounts sufficient to, enhance the sizing characteristics of the composition; and containing amounts of the modified rosin, ammonia and ammonium salt sufficient to provide the composition with a total acidity of at least about 1,000 parts per million.

Claim 42

A method of making a sizing agent comprising a. forming a modified rosin by modifying a rosin with from about 5 to 50 percent, based on the weight of the rosin, of an organic acidic compound selected from the group consisting of an α, β -unsaturated aliphatic acid containing from about 3 to 6 carbon atoms, an anhydride thereof, and their mixtures, at a temperature between about 212° F. and about 550° F., b. saponifying said modified rosin with sufficient amounts of aqueous ammonia to produce a mixture containing from about 10 to 75 percent ammonia and from about 90 to 25 percent rosin and organic acidic compound, based on the total weight of the ammonia and the rosin and organic acidic compound on a dry basis, and c. heating said mixture so that the pH of said mixture if about 8 to 10.

Claim 43

A method of making a sizing agent comprising a. forming a modified rosin by modifying a rosin with from about 5 to 50 percent, based on the weight of the rosin, of an organic acidic compound selected from the group consisting of an α, β -unsaturated aliphatic acid containing from about 3 to 6 carbon atoms, an anhydride thereof, and their mixtures, at a temperature between about 212° F. and about 550° F., b. saponifying said modified rosin with sufficient amounts of aqueous ammonia to produce a mixture containing from about 10 to 75 percent ammonia and from about 90 to 25 percent rosin and organic acidic compound, based on the total weight of the ammonia and the rosin and organic acidic compound on a dry basis, and c. heating said mixture so that the pH of said mixture if about 8 to 10.

Claim 50

A method of making a sizing agent comprising a. forming a modified rosin soap by modifying a rosin with from about 5 to 50 percent, based on the weight of the rosin, of an organic acidic compound selected from the group consisting of an α, β -unsaturated aliphatic acid containing from about 3 to 6 carbon atoms, an anhydride thereof, and their mixtures at a temperature between about 212° F. and 425° F., and forming a soap of the rosin, before, during, or after the modifying, b. mixing sufficient amounts of aqueous ammonia with the modified rosin soap to produce a mixture containing from about 4 to 60 percent ammonia and from about 96 to 40 percent rosin and organic acidic compound, based on the weight of the ammonia and the rosin and organic acidic compound on a dry basis, and c. heating the mixture so that the pH of the mixture is about 8 to 10.

Claim 51

A method of making a sizing agent comprising a. forming a modified rosin soap by modifying a rosin with from about 5 to 50 percent, based on the weight of the rosin, of an organic acidic compound selected from the group consisting of an α, β -unsaturated aliphatic acid containing from about 3 to 6 carbon atoms, an anhydride thereof, and their mixtures at a temperature between about 212° F. and 425° F., and forming a soap of the rosin, before, during, or after the modifying, b. mixing sufficient amounts of aqueous ammonia with the modified rosin soap to produce a mixture containing from about 4 to 60 percent ammonia and from about 96 to 40 percent rosin and organic acidic compound, based on the weight of the ammonia and the rosin and organic acidic compound on a dry basis, and c. heating the mixture so that the pH of the mixture is about 8 to 10.

Claim 57

A method of making a sizing agent comprising a. forming a first component by reacting urea and an acid selected from the group consisting of sulfamic acid, phosphoric acid, oxalic acid, methane-sulfonic acid, trichloroacetic acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, stearic acid and acetic acid, said acid being reacted in an amount sufficient to produce a reaction product having a total acidity of at least about 1,000 parts per million, but a pH of at least 6.6, said acidity being measured as the amount of sodium hydroxide, expressed as the equivalent parts by weight of calcium carbonate, required to impart a pink color to a million parts of a phenolphthalein-containing, 50 weight percent aqueous mixture of the reaction product, and said pH being determined by a pH meter, b. forming a second component by modifying rosin with from about 5 to 50 percent, based on the weight of the rosin, of an organic acidic compound selected from the group consisting of an α, β -unsaturated aliphatic acid containing from about 3 to 6 carbon atoms, an anhydride thereof, and their mixtures, at a temperature between about 212° and 550° F., and forming a soap of said rosin before, during, or after said modifying, and c. mixing said first component and said second component in an amount sufficient to provide from about 25 to 85 percent, based on the total dry weight, of said first component reaction product and from about 75 to 15 percent of said second component soap of the modified rosin.

Claim 58

A method of making a sizing agent comprising a. forming a first component by reacting urea and an acid selected from the group consisting of sulfamic acid, phosphoric acid, oxalic acid, methane-sulfonic acid, trichloroacetic acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, stearic acid and acetic acid, said acid being reacted in an amount sufficient to produce a reaction product having a total acidity of at least about 1,000 parts per million, but a pH of at least 6.6, said acidity being measured as the amount of sodium hydroxide, expressed as the equivalent parts by weight of calcium carbonate, required to impart a pink color to a million parts of a phenolphthalein-containing, 50 weight percent aqueous mixture of the reaction product, and said pH being determined by a pH meter, b. forming a second component by modifying rosin with from about 5 to 50 percent, based on the weight of the rosin, of an organic acidic compound selected from the group consisting of an α, β -unsaturated aliphatic acid containing from about 3 to 6 carbon atoms, an anhydride thereof, and their mixtures, at a temperature between about 212° and 550° F., and forming a soap of said rosin before, during, or after said modifying, and c. mixing said first component and said second component in an amount sufficient to provide from about 25 to 85 percent, based on the total dry weight, of said first component reaction product and from about 75 to 15 percent of said second component soap of the modified rosin.