Manufacture of titanium dioxide by the sulphate process using nuclei formed by steam hydrolysis of TiCl4

Claim 2

A process for preparing active nuclei for the hydrolysis of titanium sulphate and for the rutilisation of titanium dioxide in the manufacture of titanium dioxide in rutile form by a sulphate process, which comprises: (a) transforming, in a first stage, titanium tetrachloride into a compound of the general formula Ti(OH) x C1 y , where x ranges from 1 to 3, y from 3 to 1 and x + y is equal to 4, by contacting in the vapor phase titanium tetrachloride with steam in a molar ratio of titanium tetrachloride to steam of from 1:1 to 1:3, at a temperature of from 400° to 800° C. for a period of from 0.1 to 30 seconds; (b) placing into contact, in a second stage, the reaction products of the first stage with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide in such an amount as to separate an aqueous suspension containing titanium hydroxide with a titanium content, expressed as TiO 2 , of from 10 to 30 grams/liter and having a pH value of from 3 to 4.

Claim 3

The process of claim 1, wherein said aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide has a content in sodium hydroxide of from 20 to 60 g/liter.

Claim 4

The process of claim 2, wherein said content is of about 40 g/liter.

Claim 5

The process of claim 1, which additionally comprises stripping the reaction products of the first stage by contacting said reaction products with said aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide mixed with a recycled portion of the aqueous suspension obtained at the second stage.

Claim 6

The process of claim 4, wherein said reaction products of the first stage are cooled rapidly by contact with said aqueous solution, thus to obtain a temperature less than 80° C. for the aqueous suspension.

Claim 7

The process of claim 1, wherein said first stage is carried out by contacting said titanium tetrachloride together with said steam with a flow of hot gases obtained by combustion of an auxiliary fuel.

Claim 8

In a process for the manufacture of titanium dioxide in rutile form by a sulphate process, wherein a titanium sulphate solution is hydrolyzed to transform the soluble titanium sulphate into insoluble titanium hydroxide and said titanium hydroxide is converted into titanium dioxide in rutile form by calcination, the improvement which comprises adding to the solution to be hydrolyzed an aqueous suspension of titanium hydroxide prepared by the steps comprising: (a) transforming, in a first stage, titanium tetrachloride into a compound of the general formula Ti(OH) x Cl y , where x ranges from 1 to 3, y from 3 to 1 and x + y is equal to 4, by contacting the vapor phase titanium tetrachloride with steam in a molar ratio of titanium tetrachloride to steam of from 1:1 to 1:3, at a temperature of from 400° to 800° C. for a period of from 0.1 to 30 seconds; and (b) placing into contact, in a second stage, the reaction products of the first stage with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide in such an amount as to separate an aqueous suspension containing titanium hydroxide with a titanium content, expressed as TiO 2 , of from 10 to 30 grams/liter and having a pH value of from 3 to 4, in a quantity ensuring the addition of from 0.5 to 5 parts by weight of titanium, expressed as TiO 2 , in said suspension per 100 parts by weight of titanium expressed as TiO 2 present in the titanium sulphate solution.

Claim 9

In a process for the manufacture of titanium dioxide in rutile form by a sulphate process, wherein a titanium sulphate solution is hydrolyzed to transform the soluble titanium sulphate into insoluble titanium hydroxide and said titanium hydroxide is converted into titanium dioxide in rutile form by calcination, the improvement which comprises adding to the solution to be hydrolyzed an aqueous suspension of titanium hydroxide prepared by the steps comprising: (a) transforming, in a first stage, titanium tetrachloride into a compound of the general formula Ti(OH) x Cl y , where x ranges from 1 to 3, y from 3 to 1 and x + y is equal to 4, by contacting the vapor phase titanium tetrachloride with steam in a molar ratio of titanium tetrachloride to steam of from 1:1 to 1:3, at a temperature of from 400° to 800° C. for a period of from 0.1 to 30 seconds; and (b) placing into contact, in a second stage, the reaction products of the first stage with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide in such an amount as to separate an aqueous suspension containing titanium hydroxide with a titanium content, expressed as TiO 2 , of from 10 to 30 grams/liter and having a pH value of from 3 to 4, in a quantity ensuring the addition of from 0.5 to 5 parts by weight of titanium, expressed as TiO 2 , in said suspension per 100 parts by weight of titanium expressed as TiO 2 present in the titanium sulphate solution.

Claim 10

In a process for the manufacture of titanium dioxide in rutile form by a sulphate process, wherein a titanium sulphate solution is hydrolyzed to transform the soluble titanium sulphate into insoluble titanium hydroxide and said titanium hydroxide is converted into titanium dioxide in rutile form by calcination, the improvement which comprises adding to the hydrolyzed product obtained by hydrolysis of said titanium sulphate without introduction of hydrolysis nuclei, an aqueous suspension of titanium hydroxide prepared by the steps comprising: (a) transforming, in a first stage, titanium tetrachloride into a compound of the general formula Ti(OH) x C1 y , where x ranges from 1 to 3, y from 3 to 1 and x + y is equal to 4, by contacting the vapor phase titanium tetrachloride with steam in a molar ratio of titanium tetrachloride to steam of from 1:1 to 1:3, at a temperature of from 400° to 800° C. for a period of from 0.1 to 30 seconds; and (b) placing into contact, in a second stage, the reaction products of the first stage with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide in such an amount as to separate an aqueous suspension containing titanium hydroxide with a titanium content, expressed as TiO 2 , of from 10 to 30 grams/liter and having a pH value of from 3 to 4, in a quantity ensuring the addition of from 0.5 to 5 parts by weight of titanium, expressed as TiO 2 , in said suspension per 100 parts by weight of titanium, expressed as TiO 2 present in the titanium sulphate solution.

Claim 11

In a process for the manufacture of titanium dioxide in rutile form by a sulphate process, wherein a titanium sulphate solution is hydrolyzed to transform the soluble titanium sulphate into insoluble titanium hydroxide and said titanium hydroxide is converted into titanium dioxide in rutile form by calcination, the improvement which comprises adding to the hydrolyzed product obtained by hydrolysis of said titanium sulphate without introduction of hydrolysis nuclei, an aqueous suspension of titanium hydroxide prepared by the steps comprising: (a) transforming, in a first stage, titanium tetrachloride into a compound of the general formula Ti(OH) x C1 y , where x ranges from 1 to 3, y from 3 to 1 and x + y is equal to 4, by contacting the vapor phase titanium tetrachloride with steam in a molar ratio of titanium tetrachloride to steam of from 1:1 to 1:3, at a temperature of from 400° to 800° C. for a period of from 0.1 to 30 seconds; and (b) placing into contact, in a second stage, the reaction products of the first stage with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide in such an amount as to separate an aqueous suspension containing titanium hydroxide with a titanium content, expressed as TiO 2 , of from 10 to 30 grams/liter and having a pH value of from 3 to 4, in a quantity ensuring the addition of from 0.5 to 5 parts by weight of titanium, expressed as TiO 2 , in said suspension per 100 parts by weight of titanium, expressed as TiO 2 present in the titanium sulphate solution.

Claim 12

A process for preparing active nuclei for the hydrolysis of titanium sulphate and for the rutillisation of titanium dioxide in the manufacture of titanium dioxide in rutile form by a sulphate process which comprises: (a) transforming, in a first stage, titanium tetrachloride into a compound of the general formula Ti(OH) x Cl y , where x ranges from 1 to 3, y from 3 to 1 and x + y is equal to 4, by contacting in the vapor phase titanium tetrachloride with steam in a molar ratio of titanium tetrachloride to steam of about 1:2 at a temperature of from 550° to 650° C. for a period of from 0.5 to 5 seconds; and (b) placing into contact, in a second stage, the reaction products of the first stage with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide in such an amount as to separate an aqueous suspension containing titanium hydroxide with a titanium content, expressed as TiO 2 , of from 10 to 30 grams/liter and having a pH value of from 3 to 4.

Claim 13

A process for preparing active nuclei for the hydrolysis of titanium sulphate and for the rutillisation of titanium dioxide in the manufacture of titanium dioxide in rutile form by a sulphate process which comprises: (a) transforming, in a first stage, titanium tetrachloride into a compound of the general formula Ti(OH) x Cl y , where x ranges from 1 to 3, y from 3 to 1 and x + y is equal to 4, by contacting in the vapor phase titanium tetrachloride with steam in a molar ratio of titanium tetrachloride to steam of about 1:2 at a temperature of from 550° to 650° C. for a period of from 0.5 to 5 seconds; and (b) placing into contact, in a second stage, the reaction products of the first stage with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide in such an amount as to separate an aqueous suspension containing titanium hydroxide with a titanium content, expressed as TiO 2 , of from 10 to 30 grams/liter and having a pH value of from 3 to 4.

Claim 14

A process for preparing active nuclei for the hydrolysis of titanium sulphate and for the rutilisation of titanium dioxide in the manufacture of titanium dioxide in rutile form by a sulphate process which comprises: (a) transforming, in a first stage, titanium tetrachloride into a compound of the general formula Ti(OH) x Cl y , where x ranges from 1 to 3, y from 3 to 1 and x + y is equal to 4, by contacting in the vapor phase titanium tetrachloride with steam in a molar ratio of titanium tetrachloride to steam of 1:1 to 1:3 at a temperature of from 550° to 650° C. for a period of from 0.1 to 30 seconds; and (b) placing into contact, in a second stage, the reaction products of the first stage with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide in such an amount as to separate an aqueous suspension containing titanium hydroxide with a titanium content, expressed as TiO 2 , of from 10 to 30 grams/liter and having a pH value of from 3 to 4.

Claim 15

A process for preparing active nuclei for the hydrolysis of titanium sulphate and for the rutilisation of titanium dioxide in the manufacture of titanium dioxide in rutile form by a sulphate process which comprises: (a) transforming, in a first stage, titanium tetrachloride into a compound of the general formula Ti(OH) x Cl y , where x ranges from 1 to 3, y from 3 to 1 and x + y is equal to 4, by contacting in the vapor phase titanium tetrachloride with steam in a molar ratio of titanium tetrachloride to steam of 1:1 to 1:3 at a temperature of from 550° to 650° C. for a period of from 0.1 to 30 seconds; and (b) placing into contact, in a second stage, the reaction products of the first stage with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide in such an amount as to separate an aqueous suspension containing titanium hydroxide with a titanium content, expressed as TiO 2 , of from 10 to 30 grams/liter and having a pH value of from 3 to 4.