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Patent US4008083A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US4008083A
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US
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Stabilization of color images formed by photomodulation of the Christiansen effect
Assignee: EIDP Inc
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Filing: 1976-01-20
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Granted: 1977-02-15
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Expires: 1996-01-20
Abstract
Abstract A method of stabilizing a color image resulting from the photomodulation of a Christiansen cell is provided by adding a cross-linking monomer to an optically homogeneous, photopolymerizable medium of a Christiansen cell in an amount sufficient to produce cross-linked polymer upon exposure to actinic light which stabilizes the color image formed and maintains the optical homogeneity of the medium. An improved color image can be formed by also adding to the medium a small amount of a nitroso dimer.
Inventors
- 👤 Donald George Pye
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-31 10:38
CPC Classifications
G; G03; G03F; G03F7/00; G03F7/004; G03F7/027; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S430/00; Y10S430/1053; Y10S430/1055; Y10S430/106
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 20
Claim 1
Independent Claim
144 words
In a method of forming a colored image by projection of light through an imaged Christiansen cell so that the light is separated into scattered and unscattered components either of which is focused on a viewing surface, said Christiansen cell having two constituents of different optical dispersion but having identical refractive indices at a matching wave-length in or near the visible spectrum the constituents being a discrete phase dispersed in an optically homogeneous polymerizable medium whose refractive index is locally changed by polymerization, the improvement comprising: forming an optically homogeneous, photopolymerizable medium containing a polymerizable monomer and a cross-linking monomer in an amount sufficient to produce upon exposure to actinic light cross-linked polymer which stabilizes the colored image formed and is optically homogeneous with any remaining medium; and exposing the Christiansen cell to varying intensities of actinic light in accordance with a predetermined image.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
144 words
In a method of forming a colored image by projection of light through an imaged Christiansen cell so that the light is separated into scattered and unscattered components either of which is focused on a viewing surface, said Christiansen cell having two constituents of different optical dispersion but having identical refractive indices at a matching wave-length in or near the visible spectrum the constituents being a discrete phase dispersed in an optically homogeneous polymerizable medium whose refractive index is locally changed by polymerization, the improvement comprising: forming an optically homogeneous, photopolymerizable medium containing a polymerizable monomer and a cross-linking monomer in an amount sufficient to produce upon exposure to actinic light cross-linked polymer which stabilizes the colored image formed and is optically homogeneous with any remaining medium; and exposing the Christiansen cell to varying intensities of actinic light in accordance with a predetermined image.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the discrete phase is a transparent, isotropic, solid powder.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
11 words
The method of claim 2 wherein the solid powder is glass.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
60 words
The method of claim 3 wherein the medium additionally contains about 0.05-5 parts by weight, based on the weight of the medium, of a nitroso dimer, and up to about 90 parts by weight, based on the weight of the medium, of an additive for adjusting the refractive index or viscosity of the medium, said additive being optically homogeneous therewith.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method of claim 3 wherein the medium comprises: a. about 10-100 parts by weight of reactive monomers which are:
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
80 words
about 95-50 parts by weight based on (1) and (2) of at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer, and 2. about 5-50 parts by weight based on (1) and (2) of at least one cross-linking monomer for (1); b. about 0.1 to 20 parts by weight of a photoinitiator activatable by actinic light; and c. 0 to about 90 parts by weight of an additive for adjusting the refractive index or viscosity of the medium, said additive being optically homogeneous therewith.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
80 words
about 95-50 parts by weight based on (1) and (2) of at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer, and 2. about 5-50 parts by weight based on (1) and (2) of at least one cross-linking monomer for (1); b. about 0.1 to 20 parts by weight of a photoinitiator activatable by actinic light; and c. 0 to about 90 parts by weight of an additive for adjusting the refractive index or viscosity of the medium, said additive being optically homogeneous therewith.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
37 words
The method of claim 5 wherein the medium consists essentially of about 30-75 parts of (a); about 0.5 to 15 parts of (b); about 20-65 parts of (c) and about 0.05-1 part of (d) a nitroso dimer.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
76 words
A Christiansen cell having as its operating element a dispersion of a transparent, isotropic solid in a photopolymerizable medium which is an optically homogeneous mixture of: (1) at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer; (2) at least one cross-linking monomer for said unsaturated monomer in an amount sufficient to produce cross-linked polymer which is optically homogeneous with the medium; and (3) an initiating amount of an actinic light-activatable photoinitiator which does not form gaseous or insoluble products.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
76 words
A Christiansen cell having as its operating element a dispersion of a transparent, isotropic solid in a photopolymerizable medium which is an optically homogeneous mixture of: (1) at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer; (2) at least one cross-linking monomer for said unsaturated monomer in an amount sufficient to produce cross-linked polymer which is optically homogeneous with the medium; and (3) an initiating amount of an actinic light-activatable photoinitiator which does not form gaseous or insoluble products.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
27 words
The Christiansen cell of claim 7 additionally containing in the dispersion about 0.05-5 parts by weight, based on the weight of the medium, of a nitroso dimer.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
50 words
The Christiansen cell of claim 8 additionally containing up to 90 parts by weight, based on the weight of the medium of an additive for adjusting the refractive index the medium of an additive for adjusting the refractive index or viscosity of the medium said additive being optically homogeneous therewith.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
13 words
The Christiansen cell of claim 9 wherein the dispersed phase is glass powder.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
117 words
A Christiansen cell having as its operating element a dispersion of glass powder in a photopolymerizable medium consisting essentially of: a. about 30-75 parts by weight of reactive monomers which are: 1. about 93-60 parts by weight based on (1) and (2) of at least one photopolymerizable, ethylenically unsaturated monomer and 2. about 7-40 parts by weight, based on (1) and (2), of at least one cross-linking monomer for (1); b. about 0.5-15 parts by weight of a photoinitiator activatable by actinic light; c. about 20-65 parts by weight of an additive for adjusting the refractive index of the medium and which is optically homogeneous therewith; and d. about 0.05-1 part by weight of a nitrosoalkane dimer.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
117 words
A Christiansen cell having as its operating element a dispersion of glass powder in a photopolymerizable medium consisting essentially of: a. about 30-75 parts by weight of reactive monomers which are: 1. about 93-60 parts by weight based on (1) and (2) of at least one photopolymerizable, ethylenically unsaturated monomer and 2. about 7-40 parts by weight, based on (1) and (2), of at least one cross-linking monomer for (1); b. about 0.5-15 parts by weight of a photoinitiator activatable by actinic light; c. about 20-65 parts by weight of an additive for adjusting the refractive index of the medium and which is optically homogeneous therewith; and d. about 0.05-1 part by weight of a nitrosoalkane dimer.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
18 words
The Christiansen cell of claim 11 wherein the photopolymerizable, ethylenically unsaturated monomer is an aromatic acrylate or methacrylate.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
24 words
The Christiansen cell of claim 12 wherein the cross-linking monomer is a divinyl aromatic compound, a di- or triacrylate or a di- or trimethacrylate.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
13 words
The Christiansen cell of claim 13 wherein the photoinitiator is benzoin methyl ether.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
32 words
The Christiansen cell of claim 14 wherein the additive (c) is poly(1-naphthyl methacrylate), poly(vinylnaphthalene), chlorinated polyphenyls, a chlorinated aromatic compound, or poly(1-cinnamyl methacrylate/1-naphthyl methacrylate); and the nitrosoalkane dimer (d) is nitrosocyclohexane dimer.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US3951520A
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1980-02-15 | 1980-08-16 | 1981-02-15 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1984-02-15 | 1984-08-16 | 1985-02-15 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1988-02-15 | 1988-08-16 | 1989-02-15 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |