Patent US3998749A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US3998749A
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Chemical heater formulation and method for generating heat
Assignee: United States Department of the Army
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Filing: 1974-09-06
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Granted: 1976-12-21
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Expires: 1994-09-06
Abstract
Abstract The invention relates to a unique chemical heater formulation for generating heat through the exothermic reduction of cupric chloride by aluminum. The chemical reaction system used in the heater formulation contains a cupric chloride, a wetting agent, water and a polar organic solvent for said cupric chloride which when contacted with aluminum will react to produce temperatures in excess of 100 DEG C for a sustained period of time, with peak temperature reaching the order of 156 DEG C. Optimum results have been achieved with a reaction system consisting essentially of cupric chloride dihydrate, 48.4wt%; polyethylene glycol 1.6 wt%; water 9.7 wt% and ethylene glycol, 40.3wt%.
Inventors
- 👤 William R. Hydro
- 👤 Benjamin Witten
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-05 09:44
CPC Classifications
C; C09; C09K; C09K5/00; C09K5/16; C09K5/18; F; F24; F24V; F24V30/00
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 10
Claim 1
Independent Claim
65 words
A chemical heater reactant formulation for generation of an exotherm through the exothermic reduction of cupric chloride by aluminum consisting essentially of a reaction system solution of cupric chloride; ethylene glycol as a solvent for said cupric chloride; and water, and a source of aluminum for initiating said reaction selected from the group consisting of aluminum foil, an aluminum powder-paper pad composition and aluminum powder.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
65 words
A chemical heater reactant formulation for generation of an exotherm through the exothermic reduction of cupric chloride by aluminum consisting essentially of a reaction system solution of cupric chloride; ethylene glycol as a solvent for said cupric chloride; and water, and a source of aluminum for initiating said reaction selected from the group consisting of aluminum foil, an aluminum powder-paper pad composition and aluminum powder.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
53 words
The chemical heater reactant formulation of claim 1 further including an agent for increasing the rate of penetration of cupric chloride reaction solution into the aluminum source selected from the group consisting of a liquid polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 200 and a 10% aqueous solution of sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
30 words
The formulation of claim 2 wherein the agent for increasing the rate of penetration of the reaction solution is a liquid polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 200.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
40 words
The formulation of claim 3 wherein the cupric chloride reaction solution consists essentially of 48.4% by weight cupric chloride dihydrate, 9.7% by weight water, 40.3% by weight ethylene glycol and 1.6% polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 200.
Claim 6
Independent Claim
87 words
A method for chemically generating heat through the exothermic reduction of cupric chloride by aluminum comprising the steps of forming a reaction solution of cupric chloride, ethylene glycol as a solvent for said cupric chloride and water and subsequently contacting said reaction solution with a source of aluminum selected from the group consisting of aluminum foil, an aluminum powder-paper composition and aluminum powder, to initiate an exothermic reduction reaction and thus generate heat for a sustained period of time at temperatures in the order of 150° C.
Claim 7
Independent Claim
87 words
A method for chemically generating heat through the exothermic reduction of cupric chloride by aluminum comprising the steps of forming a reaction solution of cupric chloride, ethylene glycol as a solvent for said cupric chloride and water and subsequently contacting said reaction solution with a source of aluminum selected from the group consisting of aluminum foil, an aluminum powder-paper composition and aluminum powder, to initiate an exothermic reduction reaction and thus generate heat for a sustained period of time at temperatures in the order of 150° C.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
62 words
A method according to claim 5 wherein an agent selected from the group consisting of a liquid polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 200 and a 10% aqueous solution of sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate is incorporated within the reaction solution to increase the rate of penetration of the reaction solution into the aluminum source, thereby increasing the rate of heat generation.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
31 words
A method according to claim 6 wherein the agent for increasing the rate of penetration of the reaction solution is a liquid polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 200.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
41 words
The method of claim 7 wherein the reaction system solution consists essentially of 48.4% by weight cupric chloride dihydrate, 9.7% by wt. water 40.3% by weight ethylene glycol and 1.6% by weight polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 200.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1979-12-21 | 1980-06-21 | 1980-12-21 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1983-12-21 | 1984-06-21 | 1984-12-21 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1987-12-21 | 1988-06-21 | 1988-12-21 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |