Patent US3988720A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US3988720A
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Recording and retrieving information in an amorphous memory material using a catalytic material
Assignee: Energy Conversion Devices Inc
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Filing: 1975-02-03
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Granted: 1976-10-26
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Expires: 1995-02-03
Abstract
Abstract The method and apparatus for recording and retrieving information includes a layer of memory material which normally has one structural condition having one detectable characteristic, which is capable of having portions thereof physically changed to another structural condition having another detectable characteristic, which has internal biasing forces toward said other structural condition, and which has internal inhibitions against the action of said biasing forces. The layer of memory material is provided with a catalytic material which is catalytically capable of relatively increasing said biasing forces and decreasing said inhibitions against the action of said biasing forces of the memory material. At at least portions of the layer of memory material, energy, including electrical energy, is applied to the layer for activating the catalytic material at said at least portions of the layer and physically changing the layer at said at least portions from said one detectable structural condition to said other detectable structural condition to record the information in the layer. The structural condition of the at least portions of the layer is detected to retrieve the information in the layer.
Inventors
- 👤 Stanford R. Ovshinsky
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-31 18:33
CPC Classifications
G; G11; G11C; G11C13/00; G11C13/0002; G11C13/0004; G03; G03C; G03C1/00; G03C1/705; G03G; G03G5/00; G03G5/02; G03G5/04; G03G5/08; G03G5/082; G03G5/08207; G11C13/04; G11C13/048; H; H10; H10D; H10D84/00; H10D84/01; H10D84/0123; H10D84/0126; H10D84/02; H10D84/03; H10D84/038; H10N; H10N70/00; H10N70/20; H10N70/231; H10N70/257; H10N70/801; H10N70/841; H10N70/8416; H10N70/881; H10N70/882; H10N70/8825; H10N70/8828; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S101/00; Y10S101/37
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 28
Claim 1
Independent Claim
241 words
The method of recording and retrieving information comprising the steps of: providing a layer of substantially disordered and generally amorphous memory material which has internal crystallizing forces and crystallizing inhibiting factors, which has one structural condition which is substantially disordered and generally amorphous and having one detectable characteristic, and which is capable of having at least a portion thereof physically changed to another structural condition which is more ordered toward a crystalline like condition and having another detectable characteristic; providing said layer with a catalytic material which is catalytically capable of increasing the crystallizing forces and decreasing the crystallizing inhibiting factors of the memory material; applying electrical energy to at least a portion of said layer of memory material for activating the catalytic material at said at least portion of the layer and physically changing said layer at said at least portion of the layer from said one detectable structural condition which is substantially disordered and generally amorphous to said other detectable structural condition which is more ordered toward a crystalline like condition to record information in said layer; and detecting the detectable structural condition of said at least portion of said layer of memory material as to whether said at least portion is in said one detectable structural condition which is substantially disordered and generally amorphous or in said other detectable structural condition which is more ordered toward a crystalline like condition to retrieve the information recorded in said layer.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
241 words
The method of recording and retrieving information comprising the steps of: providing a layer of substantially disordered and generally amorphous memory material which has internal crystallizing forces and crystallizing inhibiting factors, which has one structural condition which is substantially disordered and generally amorphous and having one detectable characteristic, and which is capable of having at least a portion thereof physically changed to another structural condition which is more ordered toward a crystalline like condition and having another detectable characteristic; providing said layer with a catalytic material which is catalytically capable of increasing the crystallizing forces and decreasing the crystallizing inhibiting factors of the memory material; applying electrical energy to at least a portion of said layer of memory material for activating the catalytic material at said at least portion of the layer and physically changing said layer at said at least portion of the layer from said one detectable structural condition which is substantially disordered and generally amorphous to said other detectable structural condition which is more ordered toward a crystalline like condition to record information in said layer; and detecting the detectable structural condition of said at least portion of said layer of memory material as to whether said at least portion is in said one detectable structural condition which is substantially disordered and generally amorphous or in said other detectable structural condition which is more ordered toward a crystalline like condition to retrieve the information recorded in said layer.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method as defined in claim 1 wherein said other structural condition is a more ordered crystalline condition.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
226 words
Apparatus for recording and retrieving information comprising a layer of substantially disordered and generally amorphous memory material which has internal crystallizng forces and crystallizing inhibiting factors, which has one structural condition which is substantially disordered and generally amorphous and having one detectable characteristic, and which is capable of having at least a portion thereof physically changed to another structural condition which is more ordered toward a crystalline like condition and having another detectable characteristic, a catalytic material for said layer which is catalytically capable of increasing the crystallizing forces and decreasing the crystallizing inhibiting factors of the memory material, means for applying electrical energy to at least a portion of said layer of memory material for activating the catalytic material at said at least portion of the layer from said one detectable structural conditon which is substantially disordered and generally amorphous to said other detectable structural condition which is more ordered toward a crystalline like condition to record information in said layer, and means for detecting the detectable structural condition of said at least portion of said layer of memory material as to whether said at least portion is in said one detectable structural condition which is substantially disordered and generally amorphous or in said other detectable structural condition which is more ordered toward a crystalline like condition to retrieve the information recorded in said layer.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
226 words
Apparatus for recording and retrieving information comprising a layer of substantially disordered and generally amorphous memory material which has internal crystallizng forces and crystallizing inhibiting factors, which has one structural condition which is substantially disordered and generally amorphous and having one detectable characteristic, and which is capable of having at least a portion thereof physically changed to another structural condition which is more ordered toward a crystalline like condition and having another detectable characteristic, a catalytic material for said layer which is catalytically capable of increasing the crystallizing forces and decreasing the crystallizing inhibiting factors of the memory material, means for applying electrical energy to at least a portion of said layer of memory material for activating the catalytic material at said at least portion of the layer from said one detectable structural conditon which is substantially disordered and generally amorphous to said other detectable structural condition which is more ordered toward a crystalline like condition to record information in said layer, and means for detecting the detectable structural condition of said at least portion of said layer of memory material as to whether said at least portion is in said one detectable structural condition which is substantially disordered and generally amorphous or in said other detectable structural condition which is more ordered toward a crystalline like condition to retrieve the information recorded in said layer.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
18 words
The apparatus as defined in claim 3 wherein said other structural condition is a more ordered crystalline condition.
Claim 7
Independent Claim
209 words
The method of recording and retrieving information comprising the steps of: providing a layer of memory material which is capable of undergoing a physical change in structure, between a substantially disordered and generally amorphous structural condition having one detectable characteristic and another structural condition having another detectable characteristic, in response to the application of energy above a certain threshold; providing said layer with a catalytic material which is catalytically capable of changing said certain threshold so that said physical change in structure can occur in said memory material in response to the application of energy between said certain threshold and said changed threshold; activating the catalytic material at at least a portion of the layer to change the threshold thereat, applying electrical energy of a value between said certain threshold and said changed threshold to said layer of memory material to cause a detectable physical change in structure in said at least portion of said layer; and detecting the detectable structure condition of said at least portion of said layer of memory material as to whether said at least portion is in said one detectable structural condition which is substantially disordered and generally amorphous or in said other detectable structural condition to retrieve the information recorded in said layer.
Claim 8
Independent Claim
209 words
The method of recording and retrieving information comprising the steps of: providing a layer of memory material which is capable of undergoing a physical change in structure, between a substantially disordered and generally amorphous structural condition having one detectable characteristic and another structural condition having another detectable characteristic, in response to the application of energy above a certain threshold; providing said layer with a catalytic material which is catalytically capable of changing said certain threshold so that said physical change in structure can occur in said memory material in response to the application of energy between said certain threshold and said changed threshold; activating the catalytic material at at least a portion of the layer to change the threshold thereat, applying electrical energy of a value between said certain threshold and said changed threshold to said layer of memory material to cause a detectable physical change in structure in said at least portion of said layer; and detecting the detectable structure condition of said at least portion of said layer of memory material as to whether said at least portion is in said one detectable structural condition which is substantially disordered and generally amorphous or in said other detectable structural condition to retrieve the information recorded in said layer.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
96 words
The method as defined in claim 5 wherein the catalytic material is capable of decreasing said certain threshold value so that said physical change in structure can occur in said memory material in response to the application of energy between said certain threshold and the lower threshold, and the applied electrical energy has a value below said certain threshold and above said lower threshold to cause the physical change in structure to occur at said at least one portion of said layer with no substantial physical change in structure occuring in other portions of said layer.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
228 words
Apparatus for recording and retrieving information comprising a layer of substantially disordered and generally amorphous memory material which has one structural condition which is substantially disordered and generally amorphous and having one detectable characteristic, which is capable of having at least a portion thereof physically changed to another structural condition having another detectable characteristic, which has internal biasing forces toward said other structural condition, and which has internal inhibitions against the action of said biasing forces, a catalytic material for said layer which is catalytically capable of increasing said biasing forces and decreasing said inhibitions against the action of said biasing forces of the memory material, means for applying electrical energy to at least a portion of said layer of memory material for activating the catalytic material at said at least portion of the layer and physically changing said layer at said at least portion of the layer from said one detectable structural condition which is substantially disordered and generally amorphous to said other detectable structural condition to record information in said layer, and means for detecting the detectable structural condition of said at least portion of said layer of memory material as to whether said at least portion is in said one detectable structural condition which is substantially disordered and generally amorphous or in said other detectable structural condition to retrieve the information recorded in said layer.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
228 words
Apparatus for recording and retrieving information comprising a layer of substantially disordered and generally amorphous memory material which has one structural condition which is substantially disordered and generally amorphous and having one detectable characteristic, which is capable of having at least a portion thereof physically changed to another structural condition having another detectable characteristic, which has internal biasing forces toward said other structural condition, and which has internal inhibitions against the action of said biasing forces, a catalytic material for said layer which is catalytically capable of increasing said biasing forces and decreasing said inhibitions against the action of said biasing forces of the memory material, means for applying electrical energy to at least a portion of said layer of memory material for activating the catalytic material at said at least portion of the layer and physically changing said layer at said at least portion of the layer from said one detectable structural condition which is substantially disordered and generally amorphous to said other detectable structural condition to record information in said layer, and means for detecting the detectable structural condition of said at least portion of said layer of memory material as to whether said at least portion is in said one detectable structural condition which is substantially disordered and generally amorphous or in said other detectable structural condition to retrieve the information recorded in said layer.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
38 words
The apparatus as defined in claim 7 wherein the means for applying electrical energy to the layer of memory material includes electrodes contacting said layer, and wherein one of said electrodes provides the catalytic material for said layer.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
43 words
The apparatus as defined in claim 7 wherein the means for applying electrical energy to the layer of memory materials includes a pair of electrodes contacting said layer, and an additional electrode contacting said layer for providing the catalytic material for said layer.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
46 words
The apparatus as defined in claim 7 including means for applying energy to said layer of memory material to physically change the structural condition of said at least portion of said layer substantially to said one structural condition for erasing the information recorded in said layer.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
30 words
The apparatus as defined in claim 7 wherein said means for applying electrical energy to said at least portion of the layer also includes means for applying electromagnetic energy thereto.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
32 words
The apparatus as defined in claim 7 wherein said means for detecting the detectable structural condition of said at least portion of said layer includes means for detecting the electrical resistance thereof.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
34 words
The apparatus as defined in claim 7 wherein said means for detecting the detectable structural condition of said at least portion of said layer includes means for sensing the effect thereof on electromagnetic energy.
Claim 18
Independent Claim
230 words
The method of recording and retrieving information comprising the steps of: providing a layer of substantially disordered and generally amorphous memory material which has one structural condition which is substantially disordered and generally amorphous and having one detectable characteristic, which is capable of having at least a portion thereof physically changed to another structural condition having another detectable characteristic, which has internal biasing forces toward said other structural condition, and which has internal inhibitions against the action of said biasing forces; providing said layer with a catalytic material which is catalytically capable of increasing said biasing forces and decreasing said inhibitions against the action of said biasing forces of the memory material; applying electrical energy to at least a portion of said layer of memory material for activating the catalytic material at said at least portion of the layer and physically changing said layer at said at least portion of the layer from said one detectable structural condition which is substantially disordered and generally amorphous to said other detectable structural condition to record information in said layer; and detecting the detectable structural condition of said at least portion of said layer of memory material as to whether said at least portion is in said one detectable structural condition which is substantially disordered and generally amorphous or in said other detectable structural condition to retrieve the information recording in said layer.
Claim 19
Independent Claim
230 words
The method of recording and retrieving information comprising the steps of: providing a layer of substantially disordered and generally amorphous memory material which has one structural condition which is substantially disordered and generally amorphous and having one detectable characteristic, which is capable of having at least a portion thereof physically changed to another structural condition having another detectable characteristic, which has internal biasing forces toward said other structural condition, and which has internal inhibitions against the action of said biasing forces; providing said layer with a catalytic material which is catalytically capable of increasing said biasing forces and decreasing said inhibitions against the action of said biasing forces of the memory material; applying electrical energy to at least a portion of said layer of memory material for activating the catalytic material at said at least portion of the layer and physically changing said layer at said at least portion of the layer from said one detectable structural condition which is substantially disordered and generally amorphous to said other detectable structural condition to record information in said layer; and detecting the detectable structural condition of said at least portion of said layer of memory material as to whether said at least portion is in said one detectable structural condition which is substantially disordered and generally amorphous or in said other detectable structural condition to retrieve the information recording in said layer.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method as defined in claim 14 wherein the catalytic material is applied to the surface of the layer of memory material.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method as defined in claim 14 wherein the catalytic material is substantially uniformly distributed throughout the layer of memory material.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
35 words
The method as defined in claim 14 wherein the step of activating the catalytic material and physically changing the structural condition of the layer of memory material also includes applying electromagnetic energy to said layer.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
46 words
The method as defined in claim 14 wherein the energy applied to said layer of memory material is applied in varying amounts to vary the degree to which said at least portion of said layer is physically changed and the value of the detectable characteristic thereof.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
33 words
The method as defined in claim 14 wherein the detection of the structural condition of said at least portion of said layer of memory material is accomplished by detecting the electrical resistance thereof.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
35 words
The method as defined in claim 14 wherein the detection of the structural condition of said at least portion of said layer of memory material is accomplished by sensing the effect thereof on electromagnetic energy.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
48 words
The method as defined in claim 14 including the further step of erasing the information recorded in said layer of memory material by applying energy to said layer to physically change the structural condition of said at least portion of said layer to substantially said one structural condition.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
45 words
The method as defined in claim 14 wherein the electrical energy is applied to said at least one portion of said layer or memory material by electrodes contacting said layer, and wherein said layer is provided with said catalytic material by one of said electrodes.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
50 words
The method as defined in claim 14 wherein the electrical energy is applied to said at least one portion of said layer of memory material by a pair of electrodes contacting said layer, and wherein said layer is provided with said catalytic material by an additional electrode contacting said layer.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US3629155A
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1979-10-26 | 1980-04-26 | 1980-10-26 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1983-10-26 | 1984-04-26 | 1984-10-26 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1987-10-26 | 1988-04-26 | 1988-10-26 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |