Patent US3986494A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US3986494A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Method of predicting and detecting ovulation
Assignee: University of Pennsylvania
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Filing: 1974-10-30
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Granted: 1976-10-19
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Expires: 1994-10-30
Abstract
Abstract A method of monitoring the concentration of a given volatile organic compound commonly found in vaginal secretions is described as providing a reliable diagnostic indication of ovulation, and more particularly is described as providing a simple home-test method of predicting the onset of the fertile period, thereby increasing the reliability of the "rhythm metod" of birth control.
Inventors
- 👤 George Preti
- 👤 George Richardson Huggins
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-25 14:31
CPC Classifications
A; A61; A61B; A61B10/00; A61B10/0012; A61D; A61D17/00; A61D17/002; G; G01; G01N; G01N33/00; G01N33/48; G01N33/50; G01N33/52; A61B2010/0003; A61B2010/0006; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S436/00; Y10S436/906; Y10T; Y10T436/00; Y10T436/20; Y10T436/200833; Y10T436/201666
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 43
Claim 1
Independent Claim
121 words
A method of diagnosing the onset of the fertile period or ovulation in female mammals comprising the steps of: a. monitoring the variation in concentration of the vaginal secretions of one of said mammals for at least one volatile organic compound commonly occurring in the vaginal secretions of said mammals having a molecular weight of between 50 and 350 grams per mole, said variation corresponding to the onset of the fertile period or ovulation of said mammal; and b. providing an indicator means for qualitatively and quantitatively responding to the concentration of said volatile organic compound in said vaginal secretions; whereby the response of said means is diagnostic of the onset of the fertile period or ovulation in said female mammal.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
121 words
A method of diagnosing the onset of the fertile period or ovulation in female mammals comprising the steps of: a. monitoring the variation in concentration of the vaginal secretions of one of said mammals for at least one volatile organic compound commonly occurring in the vaginal secretions of said mammals having a molecular weight of between 50 and 350 grams per mole, said variation corresponding to the onset of the fertile period or ovulation of said mammal; and b. providing an indicator means for qualitatively and quantitatively responding to the concentration of said volatile organic compound in said vaginal secretions; whereby the response of said means is diagnostic of the onset of the fertile period or ovulation in said female mammal.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
13 words
The invention of claim 1, wherein said female mammal is a human female.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method of claim 2, wherein said organic compound is acetic acid.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method of claim 2, wherein said organic compound is lactic acid.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
28 words
The method of claim 1, wherein said indicator means comprises at least one chemically inert binder impregnated with chemical means for detecting the concentration of said organic compound.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
50 words
The invention of claim 5, wherein the concentration of the volatile organic compound is monitored by bringing each of a plurality of said binders into contact with the vaginal secretions of said female mammal at spaced apart intervals to determine variations in concentration of said organic compound in said secretions.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
12 words
The invention of claim 1, wherein said female mammal is a cow.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
12 words
The invention of claim 1, wherein said female mammal is a mare.
Claim 10
Independent Claim
129 words
A method of diagnosing the onset of the fertile period or ovulation in a given female mammal comprising the steps of: a. monitoring the variation in concentration of the vaginal secretions of said mammal for at least one volatile organic compound commonly found in said vaginal secretions having a molecular weight of between 50 and 350 grams per mole; said variation corresponding to the onset of the fertile period or ovulation of said mammal, by b. providing indicator means for qualitatively and quantitatively responding to the concentration of said compound in said vaginal secretions; and c. evaluating the correspondence of the variation in concentration of said compound to the time of ovulation as indicated by other ovulation indicators; whereby said evaluation is diagnostic of ovulation in said given mammal.
Claim 11
Independent Claim
129 words
A method of diagnosing the onset of the fertile period or ovulation in a given female mammal comprising the steps of: a. monitoring the variation in concentration of the vaginal secretions of said mammal for at least one volatile organic compound commonly found in said vaginal secretions having a molecular weight of between 50 and 350 grams per mole; said variation corresponding to the onset of the fertile period or ovulation of said mammal, by b. providing indicator means for qualitatively and quantitatively responding to the concentration of said compound in said vaginal secretions; and c. evaluating the correspondence of the variation in concentration of said compound to the time of ovulation as indicated by other ovulation indicators; whereby said evaluation is diagnostic of ovulation in said given mammal.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
13 words
The invention of claim 9, wherein said female mammal is a human female.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
12 words
The invention of claim 9, wherein said organic compound is acetic acid.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method of claim 9, wherein said organic compound is lactic acid.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
28 words
The invention of claim 9, wherein said indicator means comprises at least one chemically inert binder impregnated with chemical means for detecting the concentration of said organic compound.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
49 words
The invention of claim 13, wherein the concentration of the volatile organic compound is monitored by bringing each of a plurality of said binders into contact with vaginal secretions of said female mammal at spaced apart intervals to determine variations in concentration of said organic compound in said secretions.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
12 words
The invention of claim 9, wherein said female mammal is a cow.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
12 words
The invention of claim 9, wherein said female mammal is a mare.
Claim 19
Independent Claim
120 words
A method of predicting the fertile period of female mammals comprising the steps of: (a). monitoring the variation in concentration of the vaginal secretions of one of said mammals for at least one volatile organic compound having a molecular weight of between 50 and 350 grams per mole commonly found in the vaginal secretions of said mammals by beginning said monitoring at the cessation of menses, said variation corresponding to the onset of the fertile period or ovulation of said mammal; and b. providing an indicator means for qualitatively and quantitatively responding to the concentration of said compound in said vaginal secretions; whereby the response of said means predicts the onset of the fertile period or ovulation of said mammal.
Claim 20
Independent Claim
120 words
A method of predicting the fertile period of female mammals comprising the steps of: (a). monitoring the variation in concentration of the vaginal secretions of one of said mammals for at least one volatile organic compound having a molecular weight of between 50 and 350 grams per mole commonly found in the vaginal secretions of said mammals by beginning said monitoring at the cessation of menses, said variation corresponding to the onset of the fertile period or ovulation of said mammal; and b. providing an indicator means for qualitatively and quantitatively responding to the concentration of said compound in said vaginal secretions; whereby the response of said means predicts the onset of the fertile period or ovulation of said mammal.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
12 words
The invention of claim 17, wherein said female mammals are human females.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
42 words
The invention of claim 18, wherein said organic compound is lactic acid and wherein a first response of said indicator means indicating an increase in said lactic acid concentration is indicative of the onset of the fertile period of said female mammal.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
33 words
The invention of claim 19, wherein a second response of said indicator means indicating an increase in said lactic acid concentration and occurring at least four days after said first response indicates ovulation.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
28 words
The invention of claim 20, wherein said indicator means comprises at least one chemically inert binder impregnated with chemical means for detecting the concentration of said lactic acid.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
46 words
The invention of claim 21, wherein the concentration of lactic acid is monitored by bringing each of a plurality of said binders into contact with the vaginal secretions of said human female at spaced apart intervals to determine the occurrence of said first and second responses.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
51 words
The invention of claim 22, wherein said indicator means also qualitatively and quantitatively responds to the concentration of acetic acid in said vaginal secretions, and wherein a first response indicating an increase in acetic acid and occurring at least four days after said first lactic acid response is indicative of ovulation.
Claim 27
Independent Claim
106 words
A method of predicting the fertile period of a given female mammal comprising the steps of: a. monitoring the variation in concentration of the vaginal secretions of said female mammal for at least the lactic acid found in said vaginal secretions, beginning after the cessation of menses, said variation corresponding to onset of the fertile period of said mammal, by b. providing indicator means for qualitatively and quantitatively responding to said concentration of lactic acid; and c. evaluating the correspondence of said variation in concentration to the fertile period as indicated by other ovulation indicators; whereby said evaluation is diagnostic of ovulation for said given mammal.
Claim 28
Independent Claim
106 words
A method of predicting the fertile period of a given female mammal comprising the steps of: a. monitoring the variation in concentration of the vaginal secretions of said female mammal for at least the lactic acid found in said vaginal secretions, beginning after the cessation of menses, said variation corresponding to onset of the fertile period of said mammal, by b. providing indicator means for qualitatively and quantitatively responding to said concentration of lactic acid; and c. evaluating the correspondence of said variation in concentration to the fertile period as indicated by other ovulation indicators; whereby said evaluation is diagnostic of ovulation for said given mammal.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
13 words
The invention of claim 24, wherein said female mammal is a human female.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
12 words
The invention of claim 25, wherein said indicator means is a gas-chromatograph.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
34 words
The invention of claim 26, wherein said indicator means is brought into contact with the vaginal secretions of said female mammal at spaced apart intervals to determine variations in concentration of said lactic acid.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
40 words
The invention of claim 27, wherein said indicator means also qualitatively and quantitatively responds to the concentration of acetic acid in said vaginal secretions, and wherein a first response indicating an increase in acetic acid response is indicative of ovulation.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
16 words
The invention of claim 28, wherein said spaced apart intervals occur at least every 36 hours.
Claim 34
Independent Claim
141 words
A method of predicting the fertile period of a human female comprising the steps of: a. impregnating a plurality of binders with chemical means for detecting the concentration of lactic acid, thereby forming a plurality of impregnated binders; b. bringing each of said impregnated binders into contact with the vaginal secretions of said female at spaced apart intervals to determine the variations in concentration of lactic acid present in said secretions; and c. observing the variations in concentration of lactic acid in said secretions as indicated by said impregnated binder, a normal concentration of said lactic acid appearing after the cessation of menses; a first increase in said lactic acid concentration over said normal concentration indicating the onset of said fertile period and a second increase over said normal concentrations occurring at least 4 days after said first increase indicating ovulation.
Claim 35
Independent Claim
141 words
A method of predicting the fertile period of a human female comprising the steps of: a. impregnating a plurality of binders with chemical means for detecting the concentration of lactic acid, thereby forming a plurality of impregnated binders; b. bringing each of said impregnated binders into contact with the vaginal secretions of said female at spaced apart intervals to determine the variations in concentration of lactic acid present in said secretions; and c. observing the variations in concentration of lactic acid in said secretions as indicated by said impregnated binder, a normal concentration of said lactic acid appearing after the cessation of menses; a first increase in said lactic acid concentration over said normal concentration indicating the onset of said fertile period and a second increase over said normal concentrations occurring at least 4 days after said first increase indicating ovulation.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
34 words
The invention of claim 30, wherein said chemical means for detecting the concentration of lactic acid responds with a color change reaction which varies in intensity proportionally to the concentration of said lactic acid.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
57 words
The invention of claim 31, wherein said means for detecting the concentration of lactic acid comprises a mixture of glucose buffers, sodium hydroxide, semi-carbazide, diphosphopryidene nucleotide, perchloric acid, lactic dehydrogenase and water in the proper concentrations to produce a color change upon exposure to amounts of lactic acid commonly found in the vaginal secretions of human females.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
99 words
The invention of claim 32, wherein each of said binders are impregnated with chemical means for detecting the concentration of lactic acid by the method comprising the steps of: a. dipping the binder in a solution of 0.5M glucose buffer adjusted to pH 8.8 with sodium hydroxide and containing 0.4M semi-carbazide; b. dipping the binder into a solution containing 0.027M diphosphopyridene nucleotide; c. dipping said binder into a 3% solution of perchloric acid; and d. dipping said binder into a solution containing 2 milligrams L (+) lactic dehydrogenase per one ml of distilled water, thereby producing said impregnated binder.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
40 words
The invention of claim 30, wherein said binders comprise analytical grade filter paper impregnated with 0.4M solution of semi-carbazide in a 0.5m glucose buffer adjusted to pH 8.8 with sodium hydroxide, and then with a 0.4M solution of ceric sulfite.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
159 words
A birth control method comprising the steps of: a. predicting the fertile period of a female mammal by monitoring the variation in concentration of the vaginal secretions of said mammal for lactic acid by beginning said monitoring at the cessation of menses, said variation corresponding to the onset of the fertile period or ovulation of said mammal, b. providing an indicator means for qualitatively and quantitatively responding to the concentration of said compound in said vaginal secretions, wherein a first response of said indicators means showing an increase in said lactic acid concentration is indicative of the onset of the fertile period of said mammal and wherein a second response of said indicator means showing an increase in said lactic acid concentration and occurring at least four days after said first response indicates ovulation, and c. causing said mammal to avoid exposure to fertilization beginning after said first increase and ending at least twenty-four hours after said second increase.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
159 words
A birth control method comprising the steps of: a. predicting the fertile period of a female mammal by monitoring the variation in concentration of the vaginal secretions of said mammal for lactic acid by beginning said monitoring at the cessation of menses, said variation corresponding to the onset of the fertile period or ovulation of said mammal, b. providing an indicator means for qualitatively and quantitatively responding to the concentration of said compound in said vaginal secretions, wherein a first response of said indicators means showing an increase in said lactic acid concentration is indicative of the onset of the fertile period of said mammal and wherein a second response of said indicator means showing an increase in said lactic acid concentration and occurring at least four days after said first response indicates ovulation, and c. causing said mammal to avoid exposure to fertilization beginning after said first increase and ending at least twenty-four hours after said second increase.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
159 words
A birth control method comprising the steps of: a. predicting the fertile period of a female mammal by monitoring the variation in concentration of the vaginal secretions of said mammal for lactic acid by beginning said monitoring at the cessation of menses, said variation corresponding to the onset of the fertile period or ovulation of said mammal, b. providing an indicator means for qualitatively and quantitatively responding to the concentration of said compound in said vaginal secretions, wherein a first response of said indicator means showing an increase in said lactic acid concentration is indicative of the onset of the fertile period of said mammal and wherein a second response of said indicator means showing an increase in said lactic acid concentration and occurring at least four days after said first response indicates ovulation, and c. causing said mammal to avoid exposure to fertilization beginning after said first increase and ending at least 36 hours after said second increase.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
159 words
A birth control method comprising the steps of: a. predicting the fertile period of a female mammal by monitoring the variation in concentration of the vaginal secretions of said mammal for lactic acid by beginning said monitoring at the cessation of menses, said variation corresponding to the onset of the fertile period or ovulation of said mammal, b. providing an indicator means for qualitatively and quantitatively responding to the concentration of said compound in said vaginal secretions, wherein a first response of said indicator means showing an increase in said lactic acid concentration is indicative of the onset of the fertile period of said mammal and wherein a second response of said indicator means showing an increase in said lactic acid concentration and occurring at least four days after said first response indicates ovulation, and c. causing said mammal to avoid exposure to fertilization beginning after said first increase and ending at least 36 hours after said second increase.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1979-10-19 | 1980-04-19 | 1980-10-19 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1983-10-19 | 1984-04-19 | 1984-10-19 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1987-10-19 | 1988-04-19 | 1988-10-19 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |