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US3979354A
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Non-polluting, antifouling composition and method
Assignee: United States Department of the Navy
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Filing: 1974-01-31
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Granted: 1976-09-07
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Expires: 1994-01-31
Abstract
Abstract Objects which are designed to be submersed or submerged are rendered antifouling by using an organotin polymer wherein the tin is chemically combined in or bonded to the polymer. The polymer inhibits fouling of the exposed surface of the object while minimizing the effect on the surrounding environment due to reduced leaching of the organometallic compound from the polymer.
Inventors
- 👤 Edward J. Dyckman
- 👤 Jean A. Montemarano
- 👤 Eugene C. Fischer
- 👤 Robert R. Ressler
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-27 17:04
CPC Classifications
C; C04; C04B; C04B24/00; C04B24/40; C04B24/42; C04B41/00; C04B41/45; C04B41/46; C04B41/49; C08; C08F; C08F299/00; C08F299/02; C08F299/04; C08F299/0478; C08F8/00; C08F8/42; C08G; C08G85/00; C08G85/004; C08L; C08L101/00; C08L101/02; C09; C09D; C09D5/00; C09D5/16; C09D5/1606; C09D5/1637; C09D5/1643; Y; Y10; Y10T; Y10T428/00; Y10T428/31504; Y10T428/31511; Y10T428/31525; Y10T428/4935; Y10T428/662
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 41
Claim 1
Independent Claim
114 words
A nonpolluting, antifouling composition consisting essentially of a 1,2 epoxy polymer and a curing agent for the epoxy polymer, wherein said curing agent comprises an active hydrogen containing compound capable of crosslinking the epoxy polymer, said compound having as a substituent a carboxylic acid group which is chemically bonded to an organo-tin compound selected from the group consisting of tin oxides and tin hydroxides of the formula: ##EQU1## wherein R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are selected from the group consisting of propyl, butyl, phenyl and benzyl, and R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are the same or different, and wherein said curing agent acts to crosslink the epoxy polymer.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
114 words
A nonpolluting, antifouling composition consisting essentially of a 1,2 epoxy polymer and a curing agent for the epoxy polymer, wherein said curing agent comprises an active hydrogen containing compound capable of crosslinking the epoxy polymer, said compound having as a substituent a carboxylic acid group which is chemically bonded to an organo-tin compound selected from the group consisting of tin oxides and tin hydroxides of the formula: ##EQU1## wherein R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are selected from the group consisting of propyl, butyl, phenyl and benzyl, and R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are the same or different, and wherein said curing agent acts to crosslink the epoxy polymer.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
11 words
The composition of claim 1 which additionally contains an organic solvent.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
40 words
The composition of claim 1 wherein the organo-tin compound is chemically bonded to a first unsaturated acid monomer and the curing agent is low molecular weight copolymer of the organo-tin containing unsaturated acid monomer and a second unsaturated acid monomer.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
44 words
The composition of claim 3 wherein the organo-tin compound is chemically bonded to a first acrylic type acid monomer and the curing agent is a low molecular weight copolymer of the organo-tin containing acrylic type acid monomer and a second acrylic type acid monomer.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
29 words
The composition of claim 3 wherein the organo-tin compound is tributyltin oxide, the first unsaturated acid monomer is methacrylic acid, and the second unsaturated acid monomer is methacrylic acid.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
15 words
The composition of claim 5 wherein the epoxy polymer is a glycidyl ether epoxy resin.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
23 words
The composition of claim 1 wherein the active hydrogen containing compound is selected from the group consisting of amines, polyamines and polycarboxylic acids.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
21 words
The composition of claim 7 wherein the amines are selected from the group consisting of glycine, p-aminobenzoic acid and 2-acetamidoacrylic acid.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
17 words
The composition of claim 7 wherein the polycarboxylic acid is CO 2 H-CH = CH-CO 2 H.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
12 words
The composition of claim 8 wherein the organo-tin compound is bistributyltin oxide.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
18 words
The composition of claim 1 wherein the epoxy polymer is a condensation product of epichlorohydrin and bisphenol A.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
18 words
The composition of claim 10 wherein the epoxy polymer is a condensation product of epichlorohydrin and bisphenol A.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
19 words
The composition of claim 7 wherein the epoxy polymer is a copolymer of an organo-tin methacrylate and glycidyl methacrylate.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
12 words
The composition of claim 13 wherein the organo-tin methacrylate is tributyltin methacrylate.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
31 words
The composition of claim 7 wherein the epoxy polymer is a copolymer of an organo-tin methacrylate and a glycidyl ether of an unsaturated analogue of bisphenol A having the formula: ##SPC3##
Claim 17
Independent Claim
104 words
A method for preventing the growth of fouling organisms on marine structures which comprises forming said structures from a nonpolluting organo-tin containing 1,2 epoxy polymer wherein the epoxy polymer is chemically bonded to an organo-tin compound selected from the group consisting of tin oxides and tin hydroxides of the formula: ##STR3## wherein R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are selected from the group consisting of propyl, butyl, phenyl and benzyl, and R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are the same or different, by an esterification reaction between the organo-tin compound and a carboxylic acid group present on the epoxy polymer.
Claim 18
Independent Claim
104 words
A method for preventing the growth of fouling organisms on marine structures which comprises forming said structures from a nonpolluting organo-tin containing 1,2 epoxy polymer wherein the epoxy polymer is chemically bonded to an organo-tin compound selected from the group consisting of tin oxides and tin hydroxides of the formula: ##STR3## wherein R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are selected from the group consisting of propyl, butyl, phenyl and benzyl, and R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are the same or different, by an esterification reaction between the organo-tin compound and a carboxylic acid group present on the epoxy polymer.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method of claim 16 wherein the marine structure is formed by molding the organo-tin containing epoxy polymer into the desired structure.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method of claim 17 wherein the organo-tin containing epoxy polymer is a glass-reinforced polymer.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
27 words
The method of claim 16 wherein the organo-tin compound is chemically bonded directly to the epoxy polymer through a carboxylic acid group present on the polymer backbone.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
71 words
The method of claim 16 wherein the organo-tin compound is chemically bonded to the epoxy polymer by means of a curing agent for the epoxy polymer, wherein said curing agent comprises an active hydrogen containing compound capable of crosslinking the epoxy polymer, said compound having as a substituent a carboxylic acid group which is chemically bonded to the organo-tin compound, and wherein said curing agent acts to crosslink the epoxy polymer.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method of claim 20 wherein the epoxy polymer is a condensation product of epichlorohydrin and bisphenol A.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method of claim 21 wherein the organo-tin compound is bistributytin oxide.
Claim 25
Independent Claim
107 words
A method for preventing the growth of fouling organisms on marine structures which comprises applying to said structures a coating of a non-polluting organo-tin containing 1,2 epoxy polymer wherein the epoxy polymer is chemically bonded to an organo-tin compound selected from the group consisting of tin oxides and tin hydroxides of the formula: ##STR4## wherein R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are selected from the group consisting of propyl, butyl, phenyl and benzyl, and R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are the same or different, by an esterification reaction between the organo-tin compound and a carboxylic acid group present on the epoxy polymer.
Claim 26
Independent Claim
107 words
A method for preventing the growth of fouling organisms on marine structures which comprises applying to said structures a coating of a non-polluting organo-tin containing 1,2 epoxy polymer wherein the epoxy polymer is chemically bonded to an organo-tin compound selected from the group consisting of tin oxides and tin hydroxides of the formula: ##STR4## wherein R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are selected from the group consisting of propyl, butyl, phenyl and benzyl, and R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are the same or different, by an esterification reaction between the organo-tin compound and a carboxylic acid group present on the epoxy polymer.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
27 words
The method of claim 23 wherein the organo-tin compound is chemically bonded directly to the epoxy polymer through a carboxylic acid group present on the polymer backbone.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
71 words
The method of claim 23 wherein the organo-tin compound is chemically bonded to the epoxy polymer by means of a curing agent for the epoxy polymer, wherein said curing agent comprises an active hydrogen containing compound capable of crosslinking the epoxy polymer, said compound having as a substituent a carboxylic acid group which is chemically bonded to the organo-tin compound, and wherein said curing agent acts to crosslink the epoxy polymer.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method of claim 25 wherein the epoxy polymer is a condensation product of epichlorohydrin and bisphenol A.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method of claim 26 wherein the organo-tin compound is bistributytin oxide.
Claim 31
Independent Claim
104 words
A method for preventing the growth of fouling organisms on marine structures which comprises impregnating said structures with a non-polluting organo-tin containing 1,2 epoxy polymer wherein the epoxy polymer is chemically bonded to an organo-tin compound selected from the group consisting of tin oxides and tin hydroxides of the formula: ##STR5## wherein R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are selected from the group consisting of propyl, butyl, phenyl and benzyl, and R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are the same or different, by an esterification reaction between the organo-tin compound and a carboxylic acid group present on the epoxy polymer.
Claim 32
Independent Claim
104 words
A method for preventing the growth of fouling organisms on marine structures which comprises impregnating said structures with a non-polluting organo-tin containing 1,2 epoxy polymer wherein the epoxy polymer is chemically bonded to an organo-tin compound selected from the group consisting of tin oxides and tin hydroxides of the formula: ##STR5## wherein R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are selected from the group consisting of propyl, butyl, phenyl and benzyl, and R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are the same or different, by an esterification reaction between the organo-tin compound and a carboxylic acid group present on the epoxy polymer.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
27 words
The method of claim 28 wherein the organo-tin compound is chemically bonded directly to the epoxy polymer through a carboxylic acid group present on the polymer backbone.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
71 words
The method of claim 28 wherein the organo-tin compound is chemically bonded to the epoxy polymer by means of a curing agent for the epoxy polymer, wherein said curing agent comprises an active hydrogen containing compound capable of crosslinking the epoxy polymer, said compound having as a substituent a carboxylic acid group which is chemically bonded to the organo-tin compound, and wherein said curing agent acts to crosslink the epoxy polymer.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method of claim 30 wherein the epoxy polymer is a condensation product of epichlorohydrin and bisphenol A.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method of claim 31 wherein the organo-tin compound is bistributytin oxide.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
128 words
A nonpolluting, antifouling composition consisting essentially of an organo-tin containing epoxy polymer wherein said epoxy polymer is of the formula: ##SPC4## wherein R a and R b are alkyl groups of up to 25 carbon atoms, R a and R b are the same or different, and n represents the number of repeating units and ranges from 1 to about 35,000, and is chemically bonded directly through the carboxyl groups on the polymer backbone to an organo-tin compound selected from the group consisting of tin oxides and tin hydroxides of the formula: ##STR6## wherein R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are selected from the group consisting of propyl, butyl, phenyl and benzyl, and R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are the same or different.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
128 words
A nonpolluting, antifouling composition consisting essentially of an organo-tin containing epoxy polymer wherein said epoxy polymer is of the formula: ##SPC4## wherein R a and R b are alkyl groups of up to 25 carbon atoms, R a and R b are the same or different, and n represents the number of repeating units and ranges from 1 to about 35,000, and is chemically bonded directly through the carboxyl groups on the polymer backbone to an organo-tin compound selected from the group consisting of tin oxides and tin hydroxides of the formula: ##STR6## wherein R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are selected from the group consisting of propyl, butyl, phenyl and benzyl, and R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are the same or different.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
94 words
A nonpolluting, antifouling composition consisting essentially of an organo-tin containing epoxy polymer wherein said epoxy polymer is a condensation product of epichlorohydrin and 4,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) pentanoic acid and is chemically bonded directly through the carboxyl groups on the polymer backbone to an organo tin compound selected from the group consisting of tin oxides and tin hydroxides of the formula: ##STR7## wherein R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are selected from the group consisting of propyl, butyl, phenyl and benzyl, and R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are the same or different.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
94 words
A nonpolluting, antifouling composition consisting essentially of an organo-tin containing epoxy polymer wherein said epoxy polymer is a condensation product of epichlorohydrin and 4,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) pentanoic acid and is chemically bonded directly through the carboxyl groups on the polymer backbone to an organo tin compound selected from the group consisting of tin oxides and tin hydroxides of the formula: ##STR7## wherein R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are selected from the group consisting of propyl, butyl, phenyl and benzyl, and R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are the same or different.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
12 words
The composition of claim 34 wherein the organo-tin compound is bistributyltin oxide.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1979-09-07 | 1980-03-08 | 1980-09-07 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1983-09-07 | 1984-03-08 | 1984-09-07 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1987-09-07 | 1988-03-08 | 1988-09-07 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |