Patent US3978587A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US3978587A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Drafting system and apparatus
Assignee: Individual
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Filing: 1974-10-29
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Granted: 1976-09-07
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Expires: 1994-10-29
Abstract
Abstract In a drafting system for drawing perspective views and the like, a ruling blade has a reference head extending laterally beyond at least one ruling edge formed with one or more pin-receiving holes arranged in line with the ruling edge adapted to receive a pivot pin removably anchored at a selected point on the drawing surface, typically the vanishing point, for edge pivoting of the ruling blade to draw perspective lines on a sheet from a remote point up to the vanishing point and the like. One form of the ruling blade has a center groove in at least one side and preferably in both sides with opposed inside wall surfaces along its length together with a separate cap-like reference head releasably attached to the blade carrying a locking cam selectively moved into engagement with one of the inside wall surfaces to releasably lock the reference head at any position along the grooved ruling blade. In a unitary ruling blade for shorter lines, the reference head is made integral with the blade. A pair of the grooved ruling blades are releasably connected end to end by a slide-on clamp for making longer lines. Another form of reference head is generally shaped in the form of a T-square head which is used in pairs at opposed positions on a grooved ruling blade or connected blades and each T-square reference head is provided with pin-receiving holes at spaced intervals along its length so that one pin on the board positions the blade horizontally and at a selected vertical distance from the vanishing points for drawing vertical lines using a triangle supported on the ruling blade. When a T-square reference head is locked on one end of the grooved ruling blade in a second position the assembly is suitable for use as a T-square.
Inventors
- 👤 Hilton Baugh
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-09 23:14
CPC Classifications
B; B43; B43L; B43L13/00; B43L13/14; B43L13/141; B43L13/142; B43L7/00; B43L7/02
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 19
Claim 1
Independent Claim
137 words
A ruling blade for drawing perspective views and the like comprising: a thin, flat, elongated body having a pair of oppositely disposed supporting flat side faces arranged parallel to one another and reversible with either side face up, a pair of oppositely disposed parallel ruling edges, a pair of oppositely disposed parallel end edges, a channel-shaped center groove in each of said side faces extending the full length thereof providing a pair of opposed inside flat wall surfaces parallel to one another, one of said side faces having a beveled surface terminating at a ruling edge, the other of said side faces having a lateral recess extending laterally inwardly from each of said ruling edges, the lateral recess adjacent the beveled edge having less depth than the lateral recess adjacent the ruling edge opposite the beveled edge.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
137 words
A ruling blade for drawing perspective views and the like comprising: a thin, flat, elongated body having a pair of oppositely disposed supporting flat side faces arranged parallel to one another and reversible with either side face up, a pair of oppositely disposed parallel ruling edges, a pair of oppositely disposed parallel end edges, a channel-shaped center groove in each of said side faces extending the full length thereof providing a pair of opposed inside flat wall surfaces parallel to one another, one of said side faces having a beveled surface terminating at a ruling edge, the other of said side faces having a lateral recess extending laterally inwardly from each of said ruling edges, the lateral recess adjacent the beveled edge having less depth than the lateral recess adjacent the ruling edge opposite the beveled edge.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
48 words
A ruling blade as set forth in claim 1 further including a reference head extending beyond one of said ruling edges having at least one pin-receiving hole arranged to position a pivot pin for pivoting the ruling blade relative to one ruling edge on a drawing board surface.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
199 words
A ruling blade comprising a thin, flat, elongated body having a pair of oppositely disposed flat sides, a pair of oppositely disposed parallel ruling edges extending along the body and a pair of oppositely disposed end edges at the ends of said body, a center groove in at least one of said sides, and a removable reference head detachably mounted on said blade body, said reference head having a top portion and a pair of depending side portions forming a channel sized to receive said body, said side portions having inside guide faces for guiding movement of said reference head along said ruling edges of the blade body, one of said side portions extending laterally beyond one of said ruling edges and having at least one pin-receiving hole arranged to position said blade body on a drawing board surface, said reference head having locking means releasably locking said head to said body including a shaft having an eccentric cam disposed within said center groove, said cam being positioned to move against either of a pair of inside faces forming the sides of said center groove to wedge a ruling edge against the adjacent guide faces of said reference head.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
199 words
A ruling blade comprising a thin, flat, elongated body having a pair of oppositely disposed flat sides, a pair of oppositely disposed parallel ruling edges extending along the body and a pair of oppositely disposed end edges at the ends of said body, a center groove in at least one of said sides, and a removable reference head detachably mounted on said blade body, said reference head having a top portion and a pair of depending side portions forming a channel sized to receive said body, said side portions having inside guide faces for guiding movement of said reference head along said ruling edges of the blade body, one of said side portions extending laterally beyond one of said ruling edges and having at least one pin-receiving hole arranged to position said blade body on a drawing board surface, said reference head having locking means releasably locking said head to said body including a shaft having an eccentric cam disposed within said center groove, said cam being positioned to move against either of a pair of inside faces forming the sides of said center groove to wedge a ruling edge against the adjacent guide faces of said reference head.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
59 words
A ruling blade as set forth in claim 3 wherein said removable reference head has spaced pin-receiving holes in one of said side portions and notches in opposed side edges of said one side portion, said holes and notches being arranged to position a reference surface of a pivot pin in line with one of the guide surface faces.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
23 words
A ruling blade as set forth in claim 3 wherein said removable reference head is generally in the shape of a T-square head.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
61 words
A ruling blade as set forth in claim 5 wherein said T-square head has a straight inside edge disposed normal to the ruling blade edge and has a plurality of pin-receiving holes at spaced intervals along said T-square head on each side of the geometric center thereof, said T-square having a central channel sized to slidably receive a ruling blade body.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
28 words
A ruling blade as set forth in claim 3 including a recess in one side of said body at each ruling edge, said recesses being of different depths.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
44 words
A ruling blade as set forth in claim 3 including a beveled surface in one side extending to one ruling edge to form a relatively thin ruling edge, the recess adjacent the beveled surface having less depth than that at the opposite ruling edge.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
35 words
A ruling blade as set forth in claim 3 wherein there is a groove in each side of said body extending the full length of the blade, said grooves being centered in the blade body.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
144 words
A ruling blade comprising a thin, flat, elongated body having a pair of oppositely disposed flat sides, a pair of oppositely disposed parallel ruling edges extending along the body and a pair of oppositely disposed end edges at the ends of the body, a lateral recess at one of said ruling edges extending inwardly therefrom to position the adjacent ruling edge above a supporting surface, and a reference head made integral with said blade body extending laterally beyond said one ruling edge, said reference head being in the form of a generally rectangular shoulder inset from one of said end edges and having a pin-receiving slot at each end and an elongated pin-receiving intermediate slot, said slots being arranged to position a reference surface of a pivot pin in one of said slots in line with said one ruling edge of the blade body.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
144 words
A ruling blade comprising a thin, flat, elongated body having a pair of oppositely disposed flat sides, a pair of oppositely disposed parallel ruling edges extending along the body and a pair of oppositely disposed end edges at the ends of the body, a lateral recess at one of said ruling edges extending inwardly therefrom to position the adjacent ruling edge above a supporting surface, and a reference head made integral with said blade body extending laterally beyond said one ruling edge, said reference head being in the form of a generally rectangular shoulder inset from one of said end edges and having a pin-receiving slot at each end and an elongated pin-receiving intermediate slot, said slots being arranged to position a reference surface of a pivot pin in one of said slots in line with said one ruling edge of the blade body.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
242 words
In a drafting system for drawing perspective views and the like, the combination comprising: a drawing board surface having a drawing sheet superposed thereon, a horizon line and a vanishing point on the horizon line; a pivot pin secured upright at the first vanishing point; a thin, flat, elongated ruling blade body having a pair of oppositely disposed flat sides, a pair of oppositely disposed parallel ruling edges extending along the body and a pair of oppositely disposed end edges at the ends of said body, a center groove in at least one of said sides, and a removable reference head detachably mounted on said blade body, said reference head having a top portion and a pair of depending side portions forming a channel sized to receive said body, the side portions having inside guide faces for guiding movement of said reference head along said ruling edges of the blade body, one of said side portions extending laterally beyond one of said ruling edges and having at least one pin-receiving hole arranged to position said blade body on a drawing board surface, said reference head having locking means releasably locking said head to said body including a shaft having an eccentric cam disposed within said center groove, said cam being positioned to move against either of a pair of inside faces forming the sides of said center groove to wedge a ruling edge against the adjacent guide faces of said reference head.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
242 words
In a drafting system for drawing perspective views and the like, the combination comprising: a drawing board surface having a drawing sheet superposed thereon, a horizon line and a vanishing point on the horizon line; a pivot pin secured upright at the first vanishing point; a thin, flat, elongated ruling blade body having a pair of oppositely disposed flat sides, a pair of oppositely disposed parallel ruling edges extending along the body and a pair of oppositely disposed end edges at the ends of said body, a center groove in at least one of said sides, and a removable reference head detachably mounted on said blade body, said reference head having a top portion and a pair of depending side portions forming a channel sized to receive said body, the side portions having inside guide faces for guiding movement of said reference head along said ruling edges of the blade body, one of said side portions extending laterally beyond one of said ruling edges and having at least one pin-receiving hole arranged to position said blade body on a drawing board surface, said reference head having locking means releasably locking said head to said body including a shaft having an eccentric cam disposed within said center groove, said cam being positioned to move against either of a pair of inside faces forming the sides of said center groove to wedge a ruling edge against the adjacent guide faces of said reference head.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
252 words
In a drafting system for drawing perspective views and the like, the combination comprising: a drawing board surface having a drawing sheet superposed thereon, a horizon line, a first and second vanishing point on the horizon line; a first pivot pin secured upright at the first vanishing point; a second pivot pin secured upright at the second vanishing point; a first ruling blade having a thin, flat, elongated body with a pair of oppositely disposed flat sides, a pair of oppositely disposed parallel ruling edges extending along the body and a pair of oppositely disposed end edges, a center groove in at least one of said sides; a removable reference head detachably mounted on said blade body, said reference head having a top portion and a pair of depending side portions forming a channel sized to receive said body, the side portions having inside guide faces for guiding movement of said reference head along said ruling edges of said blade body, one of said side portions extending laterally beyond one of said ruling edges and having at least one pin-receiving hole in line with said one ruling edge whereby said first ruling blade is edge-pivoted about one of said first and second vanishing points for drawing a perspective line up to one of said vanishing points; and a second ruling blade having a laterally projecting head portion with a pin-receiving slot in line with a ruling edge receiving said second pivot pin at the other of said first and second vanishing points.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
252 words
In a drafting system for drawing perspective views and the like, the combination comprising: a drawing board surface having a drawing sheet superposed thereon, a horizon line, a first and second vanishing point on the horizon line; a first pivot pin secured upright at the first vanishing point; a second pivot pin secured upright at the second vanishing point; a first ruling blade having a thin, flat, elongated body with a pair of oppositely disposed flat sides, a pair of oppositely disposed parallel ruling edges extending along the body and a pair of oppositely disposed end edges, a center groove in at least one of said sides; a removable reference head detachably mounted on said blade body, said reference head having a top portion and a pair of depending side portions forming a channel sized to receive said body, the side portions having inside guide faces for guiding movement of said reference head along said ruling edges of said blade body, one of said side portions extending laterally beyond one of said ruling edges and having at least one pin-receiving hole in line with said one ruling edge whereby said first ruling blade is edge-pivoted about one of said first and second vanishing points for drawing a perspective line up to one of said vanishing points; and a second ruling blade having a laterally projecting head portion with a pin-receiving slot in line with a ruling edge receiving said second pivot pin at the other of said first and second vanishing points.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
224 words
In a drafting system for drawing perspective views and the like, the combination comprising: a drawing board surface having a drawing sheet superposed thereon, a horizon line, a first and second vanishing point on the horizon line; a first pivot pin secured upright at the first vanishing point; a second pivot pin secured upright at the second vanishing point; a ruling blade having a pair of oppositely disposed flat sides, a pair of oppositely disposed parallel ruling edges extending along the body and a pair of oppositely disposed end edges, a center groove in at least one of said sides providing a pair of inside wall surfaces; a pair of removable reference heads, each reference head shaped in the form of a T-square head releasably attached at opposite positions on the ruling blade, each of said T-square heads having a locking cam selectively engageable with one of the inside wall surfaces of the blade and each having a plurality of pin-receiving holes at spaced intervals therealong, one of the pin-receiving holes of one of said T-square heads receiving the first pivot pin and one of the pin-receiving holes of said other T-square head receiving the second pivot pin to support the blade in a horizontal position parallel to the horizon line for use in drawing horizontal and vertical lines referenced to said vanishing points.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
224 words
In a drafting system for drawing perspective views and the like, the combination comprising: a drawing board surface having a drawing sheet superposed thereon, a horizon line, a first and second vanishing point on the horizon line; a first pivot pin secured upright at the first vanishing point; a second pivot pin secured upright at the second vanishing point; a ruling blade having a pair of oppositely disposed flat sides, a pair of oppositely disposed parallel ruling edges extending along the body and a pair of oppositely disposed end edges, a center groove in at least one of said sides providing a pair of inside wall surfaces; a pair of removable reference heads, each reference head shaped in the form of a T-square head releasably attached at opposite positions on the ruling blade, each of said T-square heads having a locking cam selectively engageable with one of the inside wall surfaces of the blade and each having a plurality of pin-receiving holes at spaced intervals therealong, one of the pin-receiving holes of one of said T-square heads receiving the first pivot pin and one of the pin-receiving holes of said other T-square head receiving the second pivot pin to support the blade in a horizontal position parallel to the horizon line for use in drawing horizontal and vertical lines referenced to said vanishing points.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1979-09-07 | 1980-03-08 | 1980-09-07 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1983-09-07 | 1984-03-08 | 1984-09-07 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1987-09-07 | 1988-03-08 | 1988-09-07 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |