US3977948A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Process for coloring, by electrolysis, an anodized aluminum or aluminum alloy piece
Assignee: Iongraf SA
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Filing: 1975-08-28
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Granted: 1976-08-31
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Expires: 1995-08-28
Abstract
Abstract A process for coloring an aluminum or aluminum alloy piece previously subjected to anodic oxidation, in which codeposition of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, and cadmium with at least one auxiliary metal is carried out by stirring, and applying an alternating voltage between such piece and a counterelectrode immersed in a bath containing the salts of the mentioned metals. The alternating voltage, for each period, has a zero value for at least a certain period of time, and the bath has a pH below or equal to 1.8 and contains at least one auxiliary metal salt selected from the group consisting of copper and tin salts. The concentration of the auxiliary metal salt in the bath is lower than 2.5 g/l and the concentration in the bath of the salt selected from the Ni, Co and Cd salt is preferably lower than 200 g/l.
Inventors
- 👤 Dionisio Rodriguez Martinez
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-24 21:30
CPC Classifications
C; C25; C25D; C25D11/00; C25D11/02; C25D11/04; C25D11/18; C25D11/20; C25D11/22
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 18
Claim 1
Independent Claim
101 words
A process for coloring an aluminum or aluminum alloy piece previously subjected to anodic oxidation, said process comprising: placing said piece in a bath containing the salt of at least one fundamental metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt and cadmium and the salt of at least one auxiliary metal selected from the group consisting of copper and tin; maintaining the pH of said bath no greater than 1.8; maintaining the concentration of the auxiliary metal salts in said bath lower than 2.5 g/1; maintaining the concentration of the fundamental metal salts in said bath lower than 200 g/l;
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
101 words
A process for coloring an aluminum or aluminum alloy piece previously subjected to anodic oxidation, said process comprising: placing said piece in a bath containing the salt of at least one fundamental metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt and cadmium and the salt of at least one auxiliary metal selected from the group consisting of copper and tin; maintaining the pH of said bath no greater than 1.8; maintaining the concentration of the auxiliary metal salts in said bath lower than 2.5 g/1; maintaining the concentration of the fundamental metal salts in said bath lower than 200 g/l;
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
47 words
stirring said bath; and applying between said piece and a counterelectrode immersed in said bath an alternating voltage which, with respect to a period N, is sinusoidal and positive for 0.5 N, zero for 0.5 N, sinusoidal and negative for 0.5 N, and zero for 0.5 N.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
47 words
stirring said bath; and applying between said piece and a counterelectrode immersed in said bath an alternating voltage which, with respect to a period N, is sinusoidal and positive for 0.5 N, zero for 0.5 N, sinusoidal and negative for 0.5 N, and zero for 0.5 N.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
20 words
A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the length of time of said process is at least 3 minutes.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
35 words
A process as claimed in claim 2, wherein said alternating voltage is a voltage of 15 V applied for two minutes, followed by a voltage of 18 V applied for from 5 to 25 minutes.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
22 words
A process as claimed in claim 1, further comprising maintaining the temperature of said bath at approximately from between 15° to 25°C.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
140 words
A process for coloring an aluminum or aluminum alloy piece previously subjected to anodic oxidation, said process comprising: placing said piece in a bath containing the salt of at least one fundamental metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt and cadmium and the salt of at least one auxiliary metal selected from the group consisting of copper and tin; maintaining the pH of said bath no greater than 1.8; maintaining the concentration of the auxiliary metal salts in said bath lower than 2.5 g/l; maintaining the concentration of the fundamental metal salts in said bath lower than 200 g/l; stirring said bath; and applying between said piece and a counterelectrode immersed in said bath an alternating voltage which, with respect to a period N, is sinusoidal and alternating for a period N and zero for a period N.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
140 words
A process for coloring an aluminum or aluminum alloy piece previously subjected to anodic oxidation, said process comprising: placing said piece in a bath containing the salt of at least one fundamental metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt and cadmium and the salt of at least one auxiliary metal selected from the group consisting of copper and tin; maintaining the pH of said bath no greater than 1.8; maintaining the concentration of the auxiliary metal salts in said bath lower than 2.5 g/l; maintaining the concentration of the fundamental metal salts in said bath lower than 200 g/l; stirring said bath; and applying between said piece and a counterelectrode immersed in said bath an alternating voltage which, with respect to a period N, is sinusoidal and alternating for a period N and zero for a period N.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
20 words
A process as claimed in claim 5, wherein the length of time of said process is at least 3 minutes.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
35 words
A process as claimed in claim 6, wherein said alternating voltage is a voltage of 15 V applied for 2 minutes, followed by a voltage of 18 V applied for from 5 to 25 minutes.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
22 words
A process as claimed in claim 5, further comprising maintaining the temperature of said bath at approximately from between 15° to 25°C.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
154 words
A process for coloring an aluminum or aluminum alloy piece previously subjected to anodic oxidation, said process comprising: placing said piece in a bath containing the salt of at least one fundamental metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt and cadmium and the salt of at least one auxiliary metal selected from the group consisting of copper and tin; maintaining the ph of said bath no greater than 1.8; maintaining the concentration of the auxiliary metal salts in said bath lower than 2.5 g/l; maintaining the concentration of the fundamental metal salts in said bath lower than 200 g/l; stirring said bath; and applying between said piece and a counterelectrode immersed in said bath an alternating voltage which, with respect to a period N, is a continuous and positive square wave for 0.5 N, zero for 0.5 N, a continuous and negative square wave for 0.5 N, and zero for 0.5 N.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
154 words
A process for coloring an aluminum or aluminum alloy piece previously subjected to anodic oxidation, said process comprising: placing said piece in a bath containing the salt of at least one fundamental metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt and cadmium and the salt of at least one auxiliary metal selected from the group consisting of copper and tin; maintaining the ph of said bath no greater than 1.8; maintaining the concentration of the auxiliary metal salts in said bath lower than 2.5 g/l; maintaining the concentration of the fundamental metal salts in said bath lower than 200 g/l; stirring said bath; and applying between said piece and a counterelectrode immersed in said bath an alternating voltage which, with respect to a period N, is a continuous and positive square wave for 0.5 N, zero for 0.5 N, a continuous and negative square wave for 0.5 N, and zero for 0.5 N.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
20 words
A process as claimed in claim 9, wherein the length of time of said process is at least 3 minutes.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
34 words
A process as claimed in claim 10, wherein said alternating voltage is a voltage of 15 V applied for 2 minutes, followed by a voltage of 18 V applied for 5 to 25 minutes.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
22 words
A process as claimed in claim 11, wherein said alternating voltage is converted from 15 V to 18 V in two minutes.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
22 words
A process as claimed in claim 9, further comprising maintaining the temperature of said bath at approximately from between 15° to 25°C.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1979-08-31 | 1980-03-01 | 1980-08-31 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1983-08-31 | 1984-03-01 | 1984-08-31 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1987-08-31 | 1988-03-01 | 1988-08-31 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |