US3961167A
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US
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PCM tone receiver using optimum statistical technique
Assignee: AG Communication Systems Corp
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Filing: 1974-07-22
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Granted: 1976-06-01
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Expires: 1994-07-22
Abstract
Abstract This invention relates to signal detecting and in particular to apparatus and a method for detecting one or more audio frequencies (tones) contained in a Pulse-Coded Modulation (PCM) signal.
Inventors
- 👤 Jeffrey P. Mills
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-25 08:26
CPC Classifications
H; H04; H04Q; H04Q1/00; H04Q1/18; H04Q1/30; H04Q1/44; H04Q1/444; H04Q1/45; H04Q1/457; H04Q1/4575; G; G06; G06F; G06F7/00; G06F7/38; G06F7/48; G06F7/483; G06F7/499; G06F7/49905; G06F7/4991
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 14
Claim 1
Independent Claim
238 words
A pulse code modulation (PCM) tone receiver for determining the probability that a particular combination of audio frequencies was transmitted by monitoring PCM samples, said PCM tone receiver comprising: means for storing N PCM samples as received, where N is an integer, c l through c N representing a quantization of the analog voltage waveform sampled; first means for multiplying said N samples represented by c l through c N by a set of fixed predetermined constants a il through a iN , where i is a fixed point binary number ranging from 1 to N and where a il through a iN are determined from the covariance matrix of the process represented by the particular tone combination to be detected, said first multiplying means including means for storing said fixed predetermined constants a il through a iN , said first multiplier means operating on said stored output of said storage means; means for combining said multiplied products of samples c 1 through c N and constants a il through a iN according to the equation ##EQU18## means for squaring said resulting combined w i term; means for accumulating the resulting w i 2 term as each of said N PCM samples are received; second means for multiplying said accumulated samples by a set of fixed constants related to the covariance matrix with the resulting product representing the probability that the specific combination of audio frequencies was transmitted.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
238 words
A pulse code modulation (PCM) tone receiver for determining the probability that a particular combination of audio frequencies was transmitted by monitoring PCM samples, said PCM tone receiver comprising: means for storing N PCM samples as received, where N is an integer, c l through c N representing a quantization of the analog voltage waveform sampled; first means for multiplying said N samples represented by c l through c N by a set of fixed predetermined constants a il through a iN , where i is a fixed point binary number ranging from 1 to N and where a il through a iN are determined from the covariance matrix of the process represented by the particular tone combination to be detected, said first multiplying means including means for storing said fixed predetermined constants a il through a iN , said first multiplier means operating on said stored output of said storage means; means for combining said multiplied products of samples c 1 through c N and constants a il through a iN according to the equation ##EQU18## means for squaring said resulting combined w i term; means for accumulating the resulting w i 2 term as each of said N PCM samples are received; second means for multiplying said accumulated samples by a set of fixed constants related to the covariance matrix with the resulting product representing the probability that the specific combination of audio frequencies was transmitted.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
36 words
The PCM tone receiver as recited in claim 1 further characterized in that said fixed constants in said second multiplier means is modified by a weighting factor based on the average usage of each tone combination.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
281 words
A pulse code modulation (PCM) tone receiver for determining the probability that a particular combination of audio frequencies was transmitted by monitoring PCM samples, said PCM tone receiver comprising: means for storing N PCM samples as received, where N is an integer, c l through c N representing a quantization of the analog voltage waveform sampled; first means for multiplying said N samples represented by c l through c N by a set of fixed predetermined constants a il through a iN , where i is a fixed point binary number ranging from 1 to N and where a il through a iN are determined from the covariance matrix of the process represented by the particular tone combination to be detected, said first multiplying means including means for storing said fixed predetermined constants a il through a iN , said first multiplier means operating on said stored output of said storage means; means for combining said multiplied products of samples c l through c N and constants a il through a iN according to the equation ##EQU19## means for squaring said resulting combined w i term; weighting means for subtracting said squared term w i 2 from a weighting factor f(x), said weighting factor determined by the magnitude of the quantizing increment of the PCM quantization process for converting the sampled analog waveform to the received PCM samples; means for accumulating the resulting f(x)-w i .sup. 2 term as each of said N PCM samples are received; second means for multiplying said accumulated samples by a set of fixed constants related to the covariance matrix with the resulting product representing the probability that the specific combination of audio frequencies was transmitted.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
281 words
A pulse code modulation (PCM) tone receiver for determining the probability that a particular combination of audio frequencies was transmitted by monitoring PCM samples, said PCM tone receiver comprising: means for storing N PCM samples as received, where N is an integer, c l through c N representing a quantization of the analog voltage waveform sampled; first means for multiplying said N samples represented by c l through c N by a set of fixed predetermined constants a il through a iN , where i is a fixed point binary number ranging from 1 to N and where a il through a iN are determined from the covariance matrix of the process represented by the particular tone combination to be detected, said first multiplying means including means for storing said fixed predetermined constants a il through a iN , said first multiplier means operating on said stored output of said storage means; means for combining said multiplied products of samples c l through c N and constants a il through a iN according to the equation ##EQU19## means for squaring said resulting combined w i term; weighting means for subtracting said squared term w i 2 from a weighting factor f(x), said weighting factor determined by the magnitude of the quantizing increment of the PCM quantization process for converting the sampled analog waveform to the received PCM samples; means for accumulating the resulting f(x)-w i .sup. 2 term as each of said N PCM samples are received; second means for multiplying said accumulated samples by a set of fixed constants related to the covariance matrix with the resulting product representing the probability that the specific combination of audio frequencies was transmitted.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
304 words
A Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) tone receiver apparatus for determining the probability that a particular combination of audio frequencies was transmitted, said tone receiver apparatus comprising: a plurality of PCM tone receivers, each of said plurality of PCM tone receivers comprises: means for storing N PCM samples as received, where N is an integer, c l through c N representing a quantization of the analog voltage waveform sampled; first means for multiplying said N samples represented by c l through c N by a set of fixed predetermined constants a il through a iN , where i is a fixed point binary number ranging from 1 to N and where a il through a iN are determined from the covariance matrix of the process represented by the particular tone combination to be detected, said first multiplying means including means for storing said fixed predetermined constants a il through a iN , said first multiplier means operating on said stored output of said storage means; means for combining said multiplied products of samples c l through c N and constants a il through a iN according to the equation ##EQU20## means for squaring said resulting combined w i term; means for accumulating the resulting w i 2 term as each of said N PCM samples are received; and second means for multiplying said accumulated samples by a set of fixed constants related to the covariance matrix with the resulting product representing the probability that the specific combination of audio frequencies was transmitted, each of said plurality of PCM tone receiver detecting the probability that a different particular combination of audio frequencies was transmitted; and combinational means for indicating which one of said plurality of specific tone combinations was most likely transmitted by combining said probability outputs of each of said plurality of PCM tone receivers.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
304 words
A Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) tone receiver apparatus for determining the probability that a particular combination of audio frequencies was transmitted, said tone receiver apparatus comprising: a plurality of PCM tone receivers, each of said plurality of PCM tone receivers comprises: means for storing N PCM samples as received, where N is an integer, c l through c N representing a quantization of the analog voltage waveform sampled; first means for multiplying said N samples represented by c l through c N by a set of fixed predetermined constants a il through a iN , where i is a fixed point binary number ranging from 1 to N and where a il through a iN are determined from the covariance matrix of the process represented by the particular tone combination to be detected, said first multiplying means including means for storing said fixed predetermined constants a il through a iN , said first multiplier means operating on said stored output of said storage means; means for combining said multiplied products of samples c l through c N and constants a il through a iN according to the equation ##EQU20## means for squaring said resulting combined w i term; means for accumulating the resulting w i 2 term as each of said N PCM samples are received; and second means for multiplying said accumulated samples by a set of fixed constants related to the covariance matrix with the resulting product representing the probability that the specific combination of audio frequencies was transmitted, each of said plurality of PCM tone receiver detecting the probability that a different particular combination of audio frequencies was transmitted; and combinational means for indicating which one of said plurality of specific tone combinations was most likely transmitted by combining said probability outputs of each of said plurality of PCM tone receivers.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
33 words
The PCM tone receiver apparatus as recited in claim 4 further characterized in that said combinational indicating means includes comparator means for comparing the relative magnitude of said plurality of resultant probability products.
Claim 9
Independent Claim
177 words
A method for statistically estimating the probability that a specific combination of audio frequencies was transmitted in a Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) format signal, comprising the steps of: storing N samples, where N is an integer, c l through c N representing a quantization of the analog voltage waveform sampled; multiplying said set of N samples represented by c l through c N by a set of fixed predetermined constants a il through a iN , where i is a fixed point binary number ranging from 1 to N and where a il through a iN are determined from the covariance matrix of the process represented by the particular tone combination to be detected and adding the products according to the equation ##EQU21## squaring the resulting w i terms; processing the resulting squared term w i 2 through accumulator means as each sample is received; multiplying said squared term samples by a set of fixed constants related to the covariance matrix with the resulting product representing the probability that the specific combination of audio frequencies was transmitted.
Claim 10
Independent Claim
177 words
A method for statistically estimating the probability that a specific combination of audio frequencies was transmitted in a Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) format signal, comprising the steps of: storing N samples, where N is an integer, c l through c N representing a quantization of the analog voltage waveform sampled; multiplying said set of N samples represented by c l through c N by a set of fixed predetermined constants a il through a iN , where i is a fixed point binary number ranging from 1 to N and where a il through a iN are determined from the covariance matrix of the process represented by the particular tone combination to be detected and adding the products according to the equation ##EQU21## squaring the resulting w i terms; processing the resulting squared term w i 2 through accumulator means as each sample is received; multiplying said squared term samples by a set of fixed constants related to the covariance matrix with the resulting product representing the probability that the specific combination of audio frequencies was transmitted.
Claim 11
Independent Claim
201 words
A method for statistically estimating the probability that a specific combination of audio frequencies was transmitted in a Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) format signal, comprising the steps of: storing N samples, where N is an integer, c l through c N representing a quantization of the analog voltage waveform sampled; multiplying said set of N samples represented by c l through c N by a set of fixed predetermined constants a il through a iN , where a il through a iN are determined from the covariance matrix of the process represented by the particular tone combination to be detected and adding the products according to the equation ##EQU22## squaring the resulting w i terms; subtracting the squared term w i 2 from a weighting factor f(x), said weighting factor determined by the magnitude of the quantizing increment of the PCM quantization process converting the sampled analog waveform to the received PCM samples; processing the resulting squared term f(x)-w i 2 through accumulator means as each sample is received; multiplying said squared term samples by a set of fixed constants related to the covariance matrix with the resulting product representing the probability that the specific combination of audio frequencies was transmitted.
Claim 12
Independent Claim
201 words
A method for statistically estimating the probability that a specific combination of audio frequencies was transmitted in a Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) format signal, comprising the steps of: storing N samples, where N is an integer, c l through c N representing a quantization of the analog voltage waveform sampled; multiplying said set of N samples represented by c l through c N by a set of fixed predetermined constants a il through a iN , where a il through a iN are determined from the covariance matrix of the process represented by the particular tone combination to be detected and adding the products according to the equation ##EQU22## squaring the resulting w i terms; subtracting the squared term w i 2 from a weighting factor f(x), said weighting factor determined by the magnitude of the quantizing increment of the PCM quantization process converting the sampled analog waveform to the received PCM samples; processing the resulting squared term f(x)-w i 2 through accumulator means as each sample is received; multiplying said squared term samples by a set of fixed constants related to the covariance matrix with the resulting product representing the probability that the specific combination of audio frequencies was transmitted.
Claim 13
Independent Claim
248 words
A method for statistically determining which specific one of several combinations of audio frequencies was most likely transmitted in a Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) format signal, comprising the steps of: a. storing N samples, where N is an integer, c l through c N representing a quantization of the analog voltage waveform sampled; b. multiplying said set of N samples represented by c l through c N by a set of fixed predetermined constants a il through a iN , where i is a fixed point binary number ranging from 1 to N and where a il through a iN are determined from the covariance matrix of the process represented by the paticular tone combination to be detected and adding the products according to the equation ##EQU23## c. squaring the resulting w i terms; d. processing the resulting squared term w i 2 through accumulator means as each sample is received; e. multiplying said squared term samples by a set of fixed constants related to the covariance matrix with the resulting product representing the probability that the specific combination of audio frequencies was transmitted; f. repeating steps (a) - (e) for each of said several combinations of audio frequencies to obtain for each a resulting probability product; g. comparing said plurality of resulting probability products, said comparing step indicating which of said plurality of probability products represented by a binary number is maximum representing which specific one of said several combinations of audio frequencies was most likely transmitted.
Claim 14
Independent Claim
248 words
A method for statistically determining which specific one of several combinations of audio frequencies was most likely transmitted in a Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) format signal, comprising the steps of: a. storing N samples, where N is an integer, c l through c N representing a quantization of the analog voltage waveform sampled; b. multiplying said set of N samples represented by c l through c N by a set of fixed predetermined constants a il through a iN , where i is a fixed point binary number ranging from 1 to N and where a il through a iN are determined from the covariance matrix of the process represented by the paticular tone combination to be detected and adding the products according to the equation ##EQU23## c. squaring the resulting w i terms; d. processing the resulting squared term w i 2 through accumulator means as each sample is received; e. multiplying said squared term samples by a set of fixed constants related to the covariance matrix with the resulting product representing the probability that the specific combination of audio frequencies was transmitted; f. repeating steps (a) - (e) for each of said several combinations of audio frequencies to obtain for each a resulting probability product; g. comparing said plurality of resulting probability products, said comparing step indicating which of said plurality of probability products represented by a binary number is maximum representing which specific one of said several combinations of audio frequencies was most likely transmitted.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1979-06-01 | 1979-12-01 | 1980-06-01 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1983-06-01 | 1983-12-01 | 1984-06-01 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1987-06-01 | 1987-12-01 | 1988-06-01 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |