Patent US3959975A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US3959975A
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US
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Soil stabilization by ion diffusion
Assignee: Individual
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Filing: 1972-09-18
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Granted: 1976-06-01
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Expires: 1992-09-18
Abstract
Abstract A method for the stabilization of soils is described wherein an aqueous concentrate or powder of an organic or inorganic ionizable salt is applied to a soil to be stabilized, said salt when solubilized liberating ions which will interact with ions naturally present in the soil. The salt dissolves in the available ground water and migrates throughout the soil by physical diffusion and mass flow to stabilize the soil at a location spaced from the point of application as well as at the point of application.
Inventors
- 👤 Edward D. Graf
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-08 15:01
CPC Classifications
C; C09; C09K; C09K17/00; C09K17/02; C09K17/04; C09K17/14
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 16
Claim 1
Independent Claim
124 words
In a process for stabilizing a clay containing soil wherein a chemical composition is distributed through said soil, the improvement comprising adding an aqueous concentrate to cavities in said soil, said concentrate containing about 15% or more on a weight basis of at least one water soluble, ionizable salt, the solubilized form of which provides soil strengthening ionic groups of the type that stabilize the soil particles by mechanisms including ion exchange with exchangeable ions naturally occurring in the soil, the active ion being present in an amount sufficient to stabilize soil being treated, the distribution of said ionic groups including diffusion through the soil by ionic migration through the bound water in said clay containing soil to stabilize the area of said migration.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
124 words
In a process for stabilizing a clay containing soil wherein a chemical composition is distributed through said soil, the improvement comprising adding an aqueous concentrate to cavities in said soil, said concentrate containing about 15% or more on a weight basis of at least one water soluble, ionizable salt, the solubilized form of which provides soil strengthening ionic groups of the type that stabilize the soil particles by mechanisms including ion exchange with exchangeable ions naturally occurring in the soil, the active ion being present in an amount sufficient to stabilize soil being treated, the distribution of said ionic groups including diffusion through the soil by ionic migration through the bound water in said clay containing soil to stabilize the area of said migration.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
14 words
The invention of claim 1 and wherein said concentrate is added as a slurry.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
31 words
The process of claim 1 wherein said ionizable salt is selected from the group consisting of ammonium phosphate, calcium orthophosphate, ferric chloride, ferric oxide, aluminum chloride, calcium chloride, and aluminum nitrate.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
25 words
The process in accordance with claim 1 wherein said salt is a salt of a low molecular weight amine having up to eight carbon atoms.
Claim 6
Independent Claim
120 words
A method for treating a clay containing soil to reduce its tendency to flow or undergo hydrationally caused changes in form comprising applying a solid, water soluble, ionizable chemical composition to a soil to be treated through a plurality of holes bored into said soil, said chemical composition when dissolved liberating soil strengthening ionic groups of the type that stabilize the soil particles by mechanisms including ion exchange with exchangeable ions naturally occurring in the soil, the active ion being present in amounts sufficient to stabilize the soil being treated, the distribution of said ionic groups including diffusion through the soil by ionic migration through the bound water in said clay containing soil to stabilize the area of said migration.
Claim 7
Independent Claim
120 words
A method for treating a clay containing soil to reduce its tendency to flow or undergo hydrationally caused changes in form comprising applying a solid, water soluble, ionizable chemical composition to a soil to be treated through a plurality of holes bored into said soil, said chemical composition when dissolved liberating soil strengthening ionic groups of the type that stabilize the soil particles by mechanisms including ion exchange with exchangeable ions naturally occurring in the soil, the active ion being present in amounts sufficient to stabilize the soil being treated, the distribution of said ionic groups including diffusion through the soil by ionic migration through the bound water in said clay containing soil to stabilize the area of said migration.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method of claim 5 wherein said solid salt is added to said soil in powder form.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
31 words
The method of claim 5 wherein said ionizable chemical is selected from the group consisting of ammonium phosphate, calcium orthophosphate, ferric chloride, ferric oxide, aluminum chloride, calcium chloride, and aluminum nitrate.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
27 words
The method in accordance with claim 5 wherein said ionizable chemical composition contains a salt of a low molecular weight amine having up to eight carbon atoms.
Claim 11
Independent Claim
120 words
A method for stabilizing a clay containing soil whereby its tendency to flow or undergo hydrationally caused expansion or contraction is reduced, comprising the step of applying a chemical composition to cavities in the soil, at least a portion of which is in free solid form, said chemical composition containing soil strengthening ionic groups of the type that stabilize the soil particles by mechanism including ion exchange with exchangeable ions naturally occurring in the soil, the active ion being present in an amount sufficient to stabilize the soil being treated, the distribution of said ionic groups including diffusion through the soil by ionic migration through the bound water in said clay containing soil to stabilize the area of said migration.
Claim 12
Independent Claim
120 words
A method for stabilizing a clay containing soil whereby its tendency to flow or undergo hydrationally caused expansion or contraction is reduced, comprising the step of applying a chemical composition to cavities in the soil, at least a portion of which is in free solid form, said chemical composition containing soil strengthening ionic groups of the type that stabilize the soil particles by mechanism including ion exchange with exchangeable ions naturally occurring in the soil, the active ion being present in an amount sufficient to stabilize the soil being treated, the distribution of said ionic groups including diffusion through the soil by ionic migration through the bound water in said clay containing soil to stabilize the area of said migration.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
30 words
The method in accordance with claim 9 wherein said cavities comprise spaced apart holes drilled into the soil to a desired depth and into which said chemical composition is introduced.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method in accordance with claim 9 wherein said chemical composition is applied to the soil in powdered form.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
37 words
The method in accordance with claim 9 wherein said chemical composition includes at least one salt selected from the group consisting of ammonium phosphate, calcium orthophosphate, ferric chloride, ferric oxide, aluminum chloride, calcium chloride and aluminum nitrate.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method in accordance with claim 9 wherein said chemical composition contains a salt of a low molecular weight amine having up to eight carbon atoms.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1979-06-01 | 1979-12-01 | 1980-06-01 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1983-06-01 | 1983-12-01 | 1984-06-01 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1987-06-01 | 1987-12-01 | 1988-06-01 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |