Surface modification by electrical discharge in a mixture of gases

Claim 1

A method of modifying the surface properties of a substrate which comprises the steps of: establishing in a reaction chamber a gaseous medium comprising a mixture of an oxide of carbon with either a lower alkane or ammonia each having a lower ionization potential than said oxide of carbon; disposing at least a portion of said substrate in said chamber with at least one surface thereof contacting said medium; and applying a voltage in the range from about 200 to 1000 volts across a pair of electrodes disposed in said chamber under a partial vacuum of about 0.1 to about 10 mm Hg pressure so as to maintain a glow discharge in said medium, said glow discharge being sufficient to induce a reaction between the components of said mixture thereby to provide a hydrophilic reaction product on the surface of said substrate which improves the wettability of said surface.

Claim 2

A method of modifying the surface properties of a substrate which comprises the steps of: establishing in a reaction chamber a gaseous medium comprising a mixture of an oxide of carbon with either a lower alkane or ammonia each having a lower ionization potential than said oxide of carbon; disposing at least a portion of said substrate in said chamber with at least one surface thereof contacting said medium; and applying a voltage in the range from about 200 to 1000 volts across a pair of electrodes disposed in said chamber under a partial vacuum of about 0.1 to about 10 mm Hg pressure so as to maintain a glow discharge in said medium, said glow discharge being sufficient to induce a reaction between the components of said mixture thereby to provide a hydrophilic reaction product on the surface of said substrate which improves the wettability of said surface.

Claim 9

A method for increasing the adherence of an aqueous gelatin-containing layer to the surface of a continuous polymeric support of a photographic film, which method comprises: establishing in a reaction chamber, a gaseous medium comprising a mixture of carbon monoxide and either a lower alkane or ammonia each having a lower ionization potential than said carbon monoxide; advancing said support through said chamber between electrodes in said chamber, at least one surface thereof contacting said medium; maintaining a gaseous glow discharge in a partial vacuum of about 0.1 to about 10 mm Hg pressure in said medium by applying an A.C. voltage of from about 200 to about 1000 volts across said electrodes, said glow discharge being sufficient to induce a reaction between the reactants of said mixture which results in the formation of a continuous hydrophilic coating on the surface of said advancing support which improves the wettability of said surface; and applying said aqueous gelatin-containing layer over said coating.

Claim 10

A method for increasing the adherence of an aqueous gelatin-containing layer to the surface of a continuous polymeric support of a photographic film, which method comprises: establishing in a reaction chamber, a gaseous medium comprising a mixture of carbon monoxide and either a lower alkane or ammonia each having a lower ionization potential than said carbon monoxide; advancing said support through said chamber between electrodes in said chamber, at least one surface thereof contacting said medium; maintaining a gaseous glow discharge in a partial vacuum of about 0.1 to about 10 mm Hg pressure in said medium by applying an A.C. voltage of from about 200 to about 1000 volts across said electrodes, said glow discharge being sufficient to induce a reaction between the reactants of said mixture which results in the formation of a continuous hydrophilic coating on the surface of said advancing support which improves the wettability of said surface; and applying said aqueous gelatin-containing layer over said coating.