Explosive composition and eutectic mixture therefor

Claim 2

A FLOWABLE LIQUID EXPLOSIVE LIQUID COMPOSITION FREE OF WATER INSOLUBLE BRISANT EXPLOSIVES AND FREE OF UNCOMBINED WATER CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF AMMONIUM NITRATE, METALLIC FUEL AND A EUTECTIC MIXTURE WHICH EUTECTIC MIXTURE COMPRISES AN OXYGEN SUPPLYING SALT AND A COMBUSTIBLE COMPOUND SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF A NITRATE OF AN AMINE, A PERCHLORATE OF AN AMINE, A DERIVATIVE IF AMMONIA, A PRIMARY ALKYL AMINE, A PRIMARY ARYL AMINE, A SECONDARY ALKYL AMINE, A SECONDARY ARYL AMINE, A TERTIATY ALKYL AMINE, A TERTIARY ARYL AMINE, AN ALKANOLAMINE,A QUATERNARY AMMONIUM COMPOUND, AN AMIDE OF FORMIC, ACETIC OR SULFAMIC ACID, AN AMMONIUM SALT OF AN ALIPHATIC CARBOXYLIC ACID, AN AMMONIUM SALT OF A SULFONIC ACID, AMMONIUM THIOCYANATE, AMMONIUM HYPOPHOSPHITE, AMMONJUM THIOSULFATE, ANHYDROUS SODIUM ACETATE, A MONOSACCHARIDE, AN OLIGOSACCHARIDE, COAL DUST, VEGETABLE FLOUR, WOOD METAL, A WAX, A FAT, A SOLIC HYDROCARBON, A VEGETABLE OIL AND A MINERAL OIL, SAID EUTECTIC COMPOSITION CAPABLE OF REDUCING THE SOLIDIFICATION POINT OF THE ENTIRE EXPLOSIVE COMPOSITION TO A TEMPERATUE BELOW +10*C.

Claim 3

An explosive composition according to claim 1 wherein the oxygen supplying salt of the eutectic mixture is ammonium nitrate.

Claim 4

An explosive composition according to claim 1 wherein the eutectic mixture comprises at least 30% by wt. of said nitrate or perchlorate of said substance comprising a major amount of an alkanolamine.

Claim 5

An explosive composition according to claim 1 wherein the eutectic mixture comprises between 10 and 40% by wt. oxygen containing salts and between 60 and 90% by wt. combustible compound.

Claim 6

An explosive composition according to claim 4 wherein the metallic fuel is selected from the group consisting of aluminum, magnesium, alloys of aluminum, alloys of magnesium, silicon, ferrosilicon, ferrophosphorus and mixtures thereof.

Claim 7

An explosive composition according to claim 5 wherein the combustible compound is selected from the group consisting of nitrates of amines, perchlorate of amines, nitrate of ammonia derivatives, perchlorates of ammonia derivatives, primary alkyl amines, secondary amines, tertiary alkyl amines, aryl amines, cyclic amines, alkanolamines, alkyl diamines, urea, hydrazines, urethanes, guanidines, quaternary ammonium compounds, ammonium salts of aliphatic carboxcyclic acids and ammonium salts of sulfonic acids.

Claim 8

An explosive composition according to claim 5 wherein the combustible compound of the eutectic mixture is selected from the group consisting of alkyl amines having between 1 and 5 carbon atoms in the alkyl group, aryl amines having a Single aryl nucleus, aryl amines having a fused ring aryl nucleus, aryl amines containing an aryl group joined to another aryl group at a single carbon atom, methyl amines, ethyl amines aniline, phenylenediamine, hexamethylenetetramine, ethanolamine, 2-aminobutanol, ethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, tetraethylenepentamine, derivatives of ammonia, hydrazine, urea, urea substitution products, urethanes, guanidines, tetramethylammonium chloride, tetramethylammonium sulfate, tetramethylammonium bromide, tetramethylammonium nitrate, dimethyldiphenylammonium nitrate, ammonium salts of aliphatic carboxcylic acids having between 1 and 6 carbon atoms, ammonium salts of sulfonic acids, ammonium formate, ammonium acetate, ammonium sulfamate, ammonium formamide, ammonium acetamide, ammonium sulfamide, ureides, carbamic acid, ammonium thiocyanate, ammonium hypophosphite, ammonium thiosulfate, anhydrous sodium acetate, mono-saccharides and oligo-saccharides.

Claim 9

A composition according to claim 7 wherein said eutectic mixture contains a high boiling compound selected from the group consisting of glycerine, glycol and diglycol.

Claim 10

A composition according to claim 7 wherein said explosive composition contains a thickening agent selected from the group consisting of polyacrylamides, polyacrylic acids, polyvinyl alcohol, polyhydroxymethylene, inert finely divided bentonite, silicicacid, silicates, guar flour, carob bean flour, agar-agar, starch, cellulose derivatives, albuminous substances, gelatins, gum arabic, tragecanth and alginates.

Claim 11

A composition according to claim 9 wherein the thickening agent is present in an amount up to 5% by wt. based on the final weight of the explosive composition added to the eutectic mixture.

Claim 12

An explosive composition according to claim 8 wherein the metallic fuel is in the form of flakes or fine-grained powder or granules.

Claim 13

An explosive composition according to claim 11 wherein said metallic fuel is aluminum.

Claim 14

An explosive composition comprising a water insoluble brisant explosive and a eutectic composition which comprises an oxygen supplying salt and a combustible compound, said composition containing at least 30% by weight of a nitrate or perchlorate of a substance having a major amount of an alkanolamine, said eutectic composition having a solidification point of below -10*C.

Claim 15

An explosive composition comprising a water insoluble brisant explosive and a eutectic composition which comprises an oxygen supplying salt and a combustible compound, said composition containing at least 30% by weight of a nitrate or perchlorate of a substance having a major amount of an alkanolamine, said eutectic composition having a solidification point of below -10*C.

Claim 16

An explosive composition according to claim 1 wherein said eutectic mixture comprises a nitrate or perchlorate of a substance comprising a major amount of an alkanolamine.

Claim 17

An explosive composition according to claim 14 which composition has a solidification point less than -10*C.

Claim 18

An explosive composition according to claim 14 containing between 20 and 70% ammonium nitrate, between 0.1 and 40% aluminum or magnesium metallic fuel and between 15 and 40 wt.-% eutectic mixture.

Claim 19

An explosive composition according to claim 14 containing between 40 and 60 wt.-% ammonium nitrate, between 2 and 15 wt.-% aluminum or magnesium metallic fuel and between 20 and 25 wt.-% eutectic mixture.

Claim 20

A flowable liquid explosive according to claim 1 wherein said combustible compound is selected from the group consisting of primary alkylamines of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, secondary alkylamines of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, tertiary alkylamines of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a nitrate of an amine, a perchlorate of an amine, an aryl amine having a single aryl nucleus, an aryl amine having a fused ring aryl nucleus, an aryl amine having an aryl group joined to another aryl group at a single carbon atom, an alkanolamine having 2 to 6 carbon atoms in the alkyl group, an ammonium salt of an aliphatic carboxylic acid having between 1 and 6 carbon atoms.

Claim 21

A flowable liquid explosive according to claim 1 wherein said combustible compound is selected from the group consisting oF biphenylamine, methylamine, ethylamine, analine, phenylene diamine, hexamethylene tetramine, ethanolamine, 2-aminobutanol, ethylene diamine, hexamethylene diamine, tetraethylene pentamine, hydrazine, urea, a urethane, a guanidine, tetramethyl ammonium chloride, tetramethyl ammonium sulfate, tetraethyl ammonium chloride, tetramethyl ammonium nitrate, tetraethyl ammonium sulfate, dimethyldiphenyl ammonium nitrate, ammonium formate, ammonium acetate, ammonium sulfate, formamide, acetamide, ammonium thiocyanate, ammonium hypophosphite, ammonium thiosulfate, and anhydrous sodium acetate.