Patent US3925575A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US3925575A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Ceramic treating process and product produced thereby
Assignee: Kaman Sciences Corp
•
Filing: 1973-02-15
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Granted: 1975-12-09
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Expires: 1993-02-15
Abstract
Abstract A new ceramic treatment process and product and, more particularly, a process for forming and treating and shaping and treating of porous skeletal bodies to produce hardened dimensionally stable end products at relatively low temperatures and the resulting materials produced thereby which comprises the steps of treating a porous skeletal body by impregnating the interstices of the porous body with a compound of a metal capable of being converted to an oxide in situ at relatively low temperatures, heating the body so impregnated at temperatures well below normal vitrification to a temperature of at least 600* F. and for a period of time sufficient to convert the compound impregnated therein to an oxide and repeating the impregnation and heating steps until the desired degree of hardness is obtained. The invention further contemplates the forming of the porous body from relatively finely divided materials which may be relatively pure powders, mixtures of powders or impure powders, including additives in the form of discrete particles, fibers, fillers and the like, which powders are molded and bound together or bound together and molded with a binder which may comprise the impregnating compound or other suitable binder prior to treatment.
Inventors
- 👤 Peter K Church
- 👤 Oliver J Knutson
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-25 11:18
CPC Classifications
C; C04; C04B; C04B41/00; C04B41/80; C04B41/81; C04B41/85; C04B41/45; C04B41/50; C04B41/5025; C04B41/5033; C04B41/87; F; F02; F02B; F02B75/00; F02B75/02; F02B2075/022; F02B2075/027
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 59
Claim 1
Independent Claim
148 words
A METHOD OF PRODUCING A CHEMICALLY HARDENED REFRACTORY BODY WHICH COMPRISES: FORMING AN UNSINTERED POROUS BODY FROM A MASS OF FINELY DIVIDED PARTICLES, AT LEAST THE SURFACE OF SAID PARTICLES CONSISTING OF A REFRACTORY OXIDE OF AT LEAST ONE METALLIC ELEMENT HAVING A VITRICICATION TEMPERATURE IN EXCESS OF 600*F; IMPREGNATING SAID POROUS BODY WITH A SOLUTION OF A SOLUBLE COMPOUND OF A METAL SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF ALUMINUM, BERYLLIUM, SILICONM TIN AND ZIROCONIUM WHICH COMPOUND IS CAPABLE OF BEING CONVERTED TO AN OXIDE ON HEATING TO A TEMPERATURE BELOW THE VITRIFICATION TEMPERATURE OF SAID PARTICLES; DRYING AND CURING SAID IMPREGNATED BODY BY HEATING SAME TO A TEMPERATURE OF AT LEAST 600*F. BUT BELOW THE VITRIFICATION TEMPERATURE OF THE PARTICLES TO CONVERT THE METAL COMPOUND IN SITU TO THE OXIDE; AND, REPEATING THE IMPREGNATION AND HEAT CURING STEPS AT LEAST ONCE TO HARDEN AND DENSIFY THE BODY.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
148 words
A METHOD OF PRODUCING A CHEMICALLY HARDENED REFRACTORY BODY WHICH COMPRISES: FORMING AN UNSINTERED POROUS BODY FROM A MASS OF FINELY DIVIDED PARTICLES, AT LEAST THE SURFACE OF SAID PARTICLES CONSISTING OF A REFRACTORY OXIDE OF AT LEAST ONE METALLIC ELEMENT HAVING A VITRICICATION TEMPERATURE IN EXCESS OF 600*F; IMPREGNATING SAID POROUS BODY WITH A SOLUTION OF A SOLUBLE COMPOUND OF A METAL SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF ALUMINUM, BERYLLIUM, SILICONM TIN AND ZIROCONIUM WHICH COMPOUND IS CAPABLE OF BEING CONVERTED TO AN OXIDE ON HEATING TO A TEMPERATURE BELOW THE VITRIFICATION TEMPERATURE OF SAID PARTICLES; DRYING AND CURING SAID IMPREGNATED BODY BY HEATING SAME TO A TEMPERATURE OF AT LEAST 600*F. BUT BELOW THE VITRIFICATION TEMPERATURE OF THE PARTICLES TO CONVERT THE METAL COMPOUND IN SITU TO THE OXIDE; AND, REPEATING THE IMPREGNATION AND HEAT CURING STEPS AT LEAST ONCE TO HARDEN AND DENSIFY THE BODY.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
11 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the solution is aluminum nitrate.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the solution is selected from the group consisting of beryllium chloride and nitrate.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the solution is silica tungstic acid.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
11 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the solution is tin chloride.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the solution is selected from the group consisting of zirconyl chloride and zirconium chloride.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
56 words
The method of claim 1 wherein at least the surface of the particles is selected from the group of refractory oxides consisting of oxides of aluminum, barium, beryllium, calcium, cerium, chromium, cobalt, copper, gallium, hafnium, iron, lanthanum, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, niobium, silicon, tantalum, thorium, tin, titanium, tungsten, uranium, vanadium, yttrium, zinc, zirconium and mixtures thereof.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
30 words
The method of claim 1 wherein at least the surface of the particles is selected from the group consisting of oxides of beryllium, chromium, silicon, tin, zirconium and mixtures thereof.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method of claim 1 wherein at least the surface of the particles is of beryllium oxide.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method of claim 1 wherein at least the surface of the particles iS of silicon oxide.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
16 words
The method of claim 1 wherein at least the surface of the particles is tin oxide.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
16 words
The method of claim 1 wherein at least the surface of the particles is zirconium oxide.
Claim 14
Independent Claim
124 words
A method of producing a chemically hardened refractory body which comprises: forming an unsintered porous body from a mass of finely divided refractory particles; impregnating said porous body with a solution of a soluble compound of a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, beryllium, silicon, tin and zirconium which compound is capable of being converted to an oxide on being heated to a temperature below the vitrification temperature of said particles; drying and curing said impregnated body by heating same to a temperature of at least 600*F. but below the vitrification temperature of the particles sufficient to convert the metal compound in situ to the oxide; and, repeating the impregnation and curing steps at least once to harden and densify the body.
Claim 15
Independent Claim
124 words
A method of producing a chemically hardened refractory body which comprises: forming an unsintered porous body from a mass of finely divided refractory particles; impregnating said porous body with a solution of a soluble compound of a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, beryllium, silicon, tin and zirconium which compound is capable of being converted to an oxide on being heated to a temperature below the vitrification temperature of said particles; drying and curing said impregnated body by heating same to a temperature of at least 600*F. but below the vitrification temperature of the particles sufficient to convert the metal compound in situ to the oxide; and, repeating the impregnation and curing steps at least once to harden and densify the body.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
11 words
The method of claim 13 wherein the solution is aluminum nitride.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method of claim 13 wherein the solution is selected from the group consisting of beryllium chloride and nitrate.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method of claim 13 wherein the solution is silica tungstic acid.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
11 words
The method of claim 13 wherein the solution is tin chloride.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method of claim 13 wherein the solution is selected from the group consisting of zirconyl chloride and zirconium chloride.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method of claim 13 wherein the particles are packed into a mold of predetermined shape at least during the initial impregnation and curing steps.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
48 words
The method of claim 13 wherein the particles are selected from the group consisting of oxides of aluminum, barrium, beryllium, calcium, cerium, chromium, cobalt, copper, gallium, hafnium, iron, lanthanum, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, niobium, silicon, tantalum, thorium, tin, titanium, tungsten, uranium, vanadium, yttrium, zinc, zirconium and mixtures thereof.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
27 words
The method of claim 13 wherein the refractory particles are selected from the group consisting of the oxides of beryllium, chromium, silicon, tin, zirconium and mixtures thereof.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method of claim 13 wherein the refractory particles are beryllium oxide.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method of claim 13 wherein the refractory particles are silicon oxide.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
11 words
The method of claim 13 wherein the refractory is tin oxide.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
11 words
The method of claim 13 wherein the refractory is zirconium oxide.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
11 words
The method of claim 13 wherein the refractory is silicon carbide.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
11 words
The method of claim 13 wherein the refractory is chromium oxide.
Claim 30
Independent Claim
106 words
A method of producing a chemically hardened refractory body which comprises: providing an unsintered porous skeletal core of refractory material; impregnating said core with a solution of a metal compound which is selected from the group of compounds consisting of aluminum, beryllium, silicon, tin and zirconium compound which are capable of being converted to an oxide on being heated; drying and curing said impregnated core by heating the core to a temperature of at least 600*F. but below the vitrification temperature of the refractory material to convert the metal compound to the oxide; and, repeating the impregnation and curing steps to harden and densify the core.
Claim 31
Independent Claim
106 words
A method of producing a chemically hardened refractory body which comprises: providing an unsintered porous skeletal core of refractory material; impregnating said core with a solution of a metal compound which is selected from the group of compounds consisting of aluminum, beryllium, silicon, tin and zirconium compound which are capable of being converted to an oxide on being heated; drying and curing said impregnated core by heating the core to a temperature of at least 600*F. but below the vitrification temperature of the refractory material to convert the metal compound to the oxide; and, repeating the impregnation and curing steps to harden and densify the core.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
11 words
The method of claim 28 wherein the solution is aluminum nitrate.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method of claim 28 wherein the solution is selected from the group consisting of beryllium nitrate and chloride.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
11 words
The method of claim 28 wherein the solution is tin chloride.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method of claim 28 wherein the solution is silica tungstic acid.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method of claim 28 wherein the solution is selected from the group consisting of zirconyl chloride and zirconium chloride.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
52 words
The method of claim 28 wherein the skeletal core is of a material selected from the group consisting of oxides of aluminum, barium, beryllium, calcium, cerium, chromium, cobalt, cOpper, gallium, hafnium, iron, lanthanum, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, niobium, silicon, tantalum, thorium, tin, titanium, tungsten, uranium, vanadium, yttrium, zinc, zirconium and mixtures thereof.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
30 words
The method of claim 28 wherein the skeletal core is of a material selected from the group consisting of the oxides of beryllium chromium, silicon, tin, zirconium and mixtures thereof.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method of claim 28 wherein the skeletal core is of beryllium oxide.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method of claim 28 wherein the skeletal core is silicon oxide.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method of claim 28 wherein the skeletal core is zirconium oxide.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method of claim 28 wherein the skeletal core is chromium oxide.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method of claim 28 wherein the skeletal core is silicon carbide.
Claim 44
Independent Claim
130 words
A method of chemically hardening a refractory coating on a substrate having an unsintered porous coating thereon of a refractory oxide having a vitrification temperature in excess of 600*F. which comprises: impregnating the porous oxide coating with a solution of a metal compound selected from the group consisting of aluminum, beryllium, silicon, tin, and zirconium which compound is capable of being converted to an oxide on heating to a temperature below the vitrification temperature of said refractory oxide; drying and curing said impregnated coating by heating same to a temperature of at least 600*F but below the vitrification temperature of the oxide but sufficient to convert the metal compound in situ to an oxide; and, repeating the impregnation and curing steps at least once to harden and densify the coating.
Claim 45
Independent Claim
130 words
A method of chemically hardening a refractory coating on a substrate having an unsintered porous coating thereon of a refractory oxide having a vitrification temperature in excess of 600*F. which comprises: impregnating the porous oxide coating with a solution of a metal compound selected from the group consisting of aluminum, beryllium, silicon, tin, and zirconium which compound is capable of being converted to an oxide on heating to a temperature below the vitrification temperature of said refractory oxide; drying and curing said impregnated coating by heating same to a temperature of at least 600*F but below the vitrification temperature of the oxide but sufficient to convert the metal compound in situ to an oxide; and, repeating the impregnation and curing steps at least once to harden and densify the coating.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
11 words
The method of claim 41 wherein the solution is aluminum nitrate.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method of claim 41 wherein the solution is selected from the group consisting of beryllium nitrate and chloride.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method of claim 41 wherein the solution is silica tungstic acid.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
11 words
The method of claim 41 wherein the solution is tin chloride.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method of claim 41 wherein the solution is selected from the group consisting of zirconyl chloride and zirconium chloride.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
49 words
The method of claim 41 wherein the refractory oxide is selected from the group consisting of oxides of aluminum, barium, beryllium, calcium, cerium, chromium, cobalt, copper gallium, hafnium, iron, lanthanum, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, niobium, silicon, tantalum, thorium, tin, titanium, tungsten, uranium, vanadium, yttrium, zinc, zirconium and mixtures thereof.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method of claim 41 wherein the refractory oxide is selected from the group consisting of oxides of beryllium, chromium, silicon, tin, zirconium and mixtures thereof.
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method of claim 41 wherein the refractory oxide is beryllium oxide.
Claim 54
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method of claim 41 wherein the refractory oxide is chromium oxide.
Claim 55
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method of claim 41 wherein the refractory oxide is silicon oxide.
Claim 56
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method of claim 41 wherein the refractory oxide is tin oxide.
Claim 57
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method of claim 41 wherein the refractory oxide is zirconium oxide.
Claim 58
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method of claim 41 wherein the substrate is a metal and the oxide coating is formed thereon in situ.
Claim 59
Dependent Claim
29 words
The method of claim 54 wherein the substrate is selected from the group of metals consisting of stainless steel, molybdenum, titanium, aluminum, iron, nickel-base alloy, chromium, tungsten and copper.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1978-12-08 | 1979-06-09 | 1979-12-09 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1982-12-08 | 1983-06-09 | 1983-12-09 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1986-12-08 | 1987-06-09 | 1987-12-09 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |