Electro-optical display device including an improved liquid crystal composition

Claim 2

In an electro-optical display device comprising a nematic liquid crystal capable of effecting dynamic scattering; means for supporting said liquid crystal layer; a plurality of first electrode means for applying a pulse electric field to said liquid crystal layer, said liquid crystal layer being divided thereby into a plurality of segments; second electrode means for applying a pulse electric field to said liquid crystal layer, the second electrode means being positioned opposite to the first electrode means, the liquid crystal layer being sandwiched between the first electrode means and the second electrode means; and means for applying a pulse electric field through the first and second electrode means to the segments of the liquid layer by multiplexing, the improvement comprising the liquid crystal layer containing an effective amount of at least one polyhalide of an organic quaternary nitrogen compound in which the halogen atoms are selected from the group consisting of chlorine, bromine and iodine to enhance the dynamic scattering motion of said liquid crystal layer.

Claim 3

An electro-optical display device according to claim 1, wherein the polyhalides of the organic quaternary nitrogen compounds are quaternary ammonium polyhalides represented by the following general formula:

Claim 4

a layer of nematic liquid crystal containing at least one polyhalide of an organic quaternary nitrogen compound in which the halogen atoms are selected from the group consisting of chlorine, bromine and iodine, said polyhalide dissolved therein in an amount effective to enhance said dynamic scattering motion of said liquid crystal, said layer being interposed between said supporting members;

Claim 5

a layer of nematic liquid crystal containing at least one polyhalide of an organic quaternary nitrogen compound in which the halogen atoms are selected from the group consisting of chlorine, bromine and iodine, said polyhalide dissolved therein in an amount effective to enhance said dynamic scattering motion of said liquid crystal, said layer being interposed between said supporting members;

Claim 6

first electrode means for applying a pulsating electric field for generating said dynamic scattering motion to said layer, wherein a plurality of displaying segments are formed by said first electrode means in said layer;

Claim 7

first electrode means for applying a pulsating electric field for generating said dynamic scattering motion to said layer, wherein a plurality of displaying segments are formed by said first electrode means in said layer;

Claim 8

An electro-optical display device according to claim 2, wherein Xn comprises at least two different halogen atoms.

Claim 9

An electro-optical display device according to claim 1, wherein the polyhalides of the organic quaternary nitrogen compounds are pyridinium polyhalides represented by the following general formula:

Claim 10

second electrode means for applying said pulsating electric field in cooperation with said first electrode means, said first and second electrode means being formed on the inner surfaces of said respective supporting members;

Claim 11

second electrode means for applying said pulsating electric field in cooperation with said first electrode means, said first and second electrode means being formed on the inner surfaces of said respective supporting members;

Claim 12

a pulse generator for producing a pulse having an amplitudE larger than a dynamic scattering motion limit but smaller than a discharge voltage of said liquid crystal and a pulse width smaller than 10 ms; and

Claim 13

a pulse generator for producing a pulse having an amplitudE larger than a dynamic scattering motion limit but smaller than a discharge voltage of said liquid crystal and a pulse width smaller than 10 ms; and

Claim 14

An electro-optical display device according to claim 4, wherein Xn comprises at least two different halogen atoms.

Claim 15

An electro-optical display device according to claim 1, wherein the polyhalides of the organic quaternary nitrogen compounds are iso-quinolinium polyhalides represented by the following general formula:

Claim 16

means operatively connected to said pulse generator for selectively supplying said pulse at predetermined time intervals to the selected electrodes of said first electrode means and of said second electrode means in a predetermined order in order to apply said pulsating electric field to the selected segments corresponding to said selected electrodes thereby to generate said dynamic scattering motion in said liquid crystal of said selected segments, said time intervals being smaller than a period in which an intensity of light scattering to be observed decays to a predetermined value.

Claim 17

means operatively connected to said pulse generator for selectively supplying said pulse at predetermined time intervals to the selected electrodes of said first electrode means and of said second electrode means in a predetermined order in order to apply said pulsating electric field to the selected segments corresponding to said selected electrodes thereby to generate said dynamic scattering motion in said liquid crystal of said selected segments, said time intervals being smaller than a period in which an intensity of light scattering to be observed decays to a predetermined value.

Claim 18

An electro-optical display device according to claim 6, wherein Xn comprises at least two different halogen atoms.

Claim 19

An electro-optical display device according to claim 1, wherein the polyhalides of the organic quaternary nitrogen compounds are acridinium polyhalides represented by the following general formula:

Claim 20

An electro-optical display device according to claim 8, wherein Xn comprises at least two different halogen atoms.

Claim 21

An electro-optical display device according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal layer contains 0.01 to 0.5 weight % of the polyhalides based on the weight of the liquid crystal.

Claim 22

In an electro-optical display device comprising a liquid crystal layer containing nematic liquid crystals capable of effecting dynamic scattering; means for supporting said liquid crystal layer; a plurality of first electrode means for applying a pulse voltage to said liquid crystal layer; second electrode means for applying a pulse electric field to the liquid crystal layer together with the first electrode means, the liquid crystal layer being sandwiched between the first and second electrode means; and means for selecting an electrode to be applied with an electric field by multiplexing, thereby the electric field being applied to the liquid crystal layer in a desired sequence through a plurality of the desired electrodes of a plurality of said first electrode means, the improvement comprising the liquid crystal layer containing an effective amount of at least one polyhalide of an organic quaternary nitrogen compound to enhance the dynamic scattering motion of said liquid crystal layer, said polyhalide of the organic quaternary nitrogen compound being selected from ammonium polyhalides, pyridinium polyhalides, isoquinolinium polyhalides and acrindinium polyhalides represented by the following general formulae (I), (II), (III), and (IV), respectively:

Claim 23

In an electro-optical display device comprising a liquid crystal layer containing nematic liquid crystals capable of effecting dynamic scattering; means for supporting said liquid crystal layer; a plurality of first electrode means for applying a pulse voltage to said liquid crystal layer; second electrode means for applying a pulse electric field to the liquid crystal layer together with the first electrode means, the liquid crystal layer being sandwiched between the first and second electrode means; and means for selecting an electrode to be applied with an electric field by multiplexing, thereby the electric field being applied to the liquid crystal layer in a desired sequence through a plurality of the desired electrodes of a plurality of said first electrode means, the improvement comprising the liquid crystal layer containing an effective amount of at least one polyhalide of an organic quaternary nitrogen compound to enhance the dynamic scattering motion of said liquid crystal layer, said polyhalide of the organic quaternary nitrogen compound being selected from ammonium polyhalides, pyridinium polyhalides, isoquinolinium polyhalides and acrindinium polyhalides represented by the following general formulae (I), (II), (III), and (IV), respectively:

Claim 24

An electro-optical display device according to claim 11, wherein the liquid crystal layer contains 0.01 to 0.5 weight % of the polyhalides based on the weight of the liquid crystal.

Claim 25

An electro-optical display device having a liquid crystal capable of effecting dynamic scattering motion and comprising:

Claim 26

An electro-optical display device having a liquid crystal capable of effecting dynamic scattering motion and comprising:

Claim 27

An electro-optical display device according to claim 13, wherein the polyhalides of the organic quaternary nitrogen compounds are quaternary ammonium polyhalides represented by the following general formula:

Claim 28

An electro-optical display device according to claim 13, wherein the polyhalides of the organic quaternary nitrogen compounds are pyridinium polyhalides represented by the following general formula:

Claim 29

An electro-optical display device according to claim 3, wherein the polyhalides of the organic quaternary nitrogen compounds are isoquinolinium polyhalides represented by the following general formula:

Claim 30

An electro-optical display device according to claim 13, wherein the polyhalides of the organic quaternary nitrogen compounds are acridinium polyhalides represented by the following general formula:

Claim 31

An electro-optical display device according to claim 13, wherein the liquid crystal layer contains 0.01 to 0.5 weight % of the polyhalides based on the weight of the liquid crystal.

Claim 32

An electro-optical display device according to claim 13, wherein the polyhalides of the organic quaternary nitrogen compounds are quaternary ammonium triiodides represented by the following general formula:

Claim 33

An electro-optical display device according to claim 13, wherein the polyhalides of the organic quaternary nitrogen compounds are pyridinium triiodides represented by the following general formula:

Claim 34

An electro-optical display device according to claim 13, wherein the polyhalides of the organic quaternary nitrogen compounds are isoquinolinium triiodides rePresented by the following general formula:

Claim 35

An electro-optical display device according to claim 13, wherein the polyhalides of the organic quaternary nitrogen compounds are acridinium triiodides represented by the following general formula:

Claim 36

An electro-optical display device according to claim 1, wherein the polyhalides of the organic quaternary nitrogen compounds are quaternary ammonium triiodides represented by the following general formula:

Claim 37

An electro-optical device according to claim 1, wherein the polyhalides of the organic quaternary nitrogen compounds are pyridinium triiodides represented by the following general formula:

Claim 38

An electro-optical display device according to claim 1, wherein the polyhalides of the organic quaternary nitrogen compounds are isoquinolinium triiodides represented by the following general formula:

Claim 39

An electro-optical display device according to claim 1, wherein the polyhalides of the organic quaternary nitrogen compounds are acridiniium triiodides represented by the following general formula:

Claim 40

In an electro-optical display device comprising a liquid crystal layer containing a nematic liquid crystal capable of effecting dynamic scattering; means for supporting said liquid crystal layer; a plurality of first electrode means for applying a pulse voltage to said liquid crystal layer; second electrode means for applying a pulse electric field to the liquid crystal layer together with the first electrode means, the liquid crystal layer being sandwiched between the first and second electrode means; and means for selecting an electrode to be applied with an electric field by multiplexing, thereby the electric field being applied to the liquid crystal layer in a desired sequence through a plurality of the desired electrodes of a plurality of said first electrode means, the improvement comprising the liquid crystal layer containing an effective amount of at least one of triiodides of organic quaternary nitrogen compounds to enhance dynamic scattering motion of said liquid crystal, said triiodides of the organic quaternary nitrogen compounds being selected from ammonium triiodides, pyridinium triiodides, isoquinolinium triiodides and acridinium triicodides represented by the following general formulae (I), (II''), (III'') and (IV''), respectively:

Claim 41

In an electro-optical display device comprising a liquid crystal layer containing a nematic liquid crystal capable of effecting dynamic scattering; means for supporting said liquid crystal layer; a plurality of first electrode means for applying a pulse voltage to said liquid crystal layer; second electrode means for applying a pulse electric field to the liquid crystal layer together with the first electrode means, the liquid crystal layer being sandwiched between the first and second electrode means; and means for selecting an electrode to be applied with an electric field by multiplexing, thereby the electric field being applied to the liquid crystal layer in a desired sequence through a plurality of the desired electrodes of a plurality of said first electrode means, the improvement comprising the liquid crystal layer containing an effective amount of at least one of triiodides of organic quaternary nitrogen compounds to enhance dynamic scattering motion of said liquid crystal, said triiodides of the organic quaternary nitrogen compounds being selected from ammonium triiodides, pyridinium triiodides, isoquinolinium triiodides and acridinium triicodides represented by the following general formulae (I), (II''), (III'') and (IV''), respectively: