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US3907593A
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US
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Electrochemical cells
Assignee: Verizon Laboratories Inc
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Filing: 1974-05-17
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Granted: 1975-09-23
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Expires: 1994-05-17
Abstract
Abstract Electrochemical cells having an alkali metal anode, a carbon or (C4F)n cathode, and an electrolyte, comprising a solute dissolved in an inorganic oxyhalide or thiohalide solvent, between and in contact with the anode and cathode. The cathode material, which catalyzes the electrochemical decomposition of the solvent, is present as a composite structure wherein a metallic screen is coated on both sides thereof with the cathode material. The screen is so positioned that sharp spikes at the ends thereof cut into the walls of the can thereby maintaining positive electrical and structural contact. The invention is particularly related to the use of the composite cathode structure in flat, button-type cells since assembly of such cells using a prefabricated cathode composite disc, is readily facilitated.
Inventors
- 👤 Nikola Marincic
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-06 10:59
CPC Classifications
H; H01; H01M; H01M6/00; H01M6/04; H01M6/06; H01M6/12; H01M6/14; H01M50/00; H01M50/10; H01M50/102; H01M50/109
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 19
Claim 1
Independent Claim
274 words
AN ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL COMPRISING A HOUSING, A SOLID OXIDIZABLE ACTIVE ANODE MATERIAL WITHIN SAID HOUSING BUT NOT IN ELECTRICAL CONTACT THEREWITH, A COMPOSITE CATHODE STRUCTURE WITHIN SAID HOUSING COMPRISING A FORAMINOUS METALLIC SCREEN COATED WITH A SOLID, POROUS CATHODE MATERIAL SAID SCREEN HAVING SHARP SPIKES AT THE ENDS AT THE PREIMETEER THEREOF WHICH CUT INTO THE WALLS OF SAID HOUSING THEREBY MAKING FIRM MECHAMICAL AND ELECTRICAL CONTACT THEREWITH WHEREBY MAKING FIRM MECHANICAL USED AS THE EXTERNAL CHATHODE WITH SAID ANODE MATERIAL AND TROLYTE BETWEEN AND IN CONTACT WITH SAID ANODE MATERIAL AND SAID COMPOSITE CATHODE STRUCTURE, SAID CATHODE MATERIAL BEING SUFFICIENTLY POROUS TO PERMIT ELECTROLYTE TRANSFER THERETHROUGH, 4, AN ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL COMPRISING A HOUSING, A SOLID OXIDIZABLE ACTIVE ANODE MATERIAL WITHIN SAID HOUSING BUT NOT IN ELECTRICAL CONTACT THEREWITH, A COMPOSITE CATHODE STRUCTURE WITHIN SAID HOUSING COMPRISING A FORAMINOUS METALLIC SCREEN COATED ON THE TOP AND BOTTOM SURFACES THEREOF WITH A SOLID, POROUS CATHODE MATERIAL, SAID SCREEN HAVING SHARP SPIKES AT THE END AT THE PRIMETER THEREOF WHICH CUT INTO THE WALLS OF SAID HOUSING THEREBY MAKING FIRM MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL CONTACT THEREWITH, WHEREBY SAID HOUSING CAN BE USED AS THE EXTERNAL CATHODE OF SAID CELL, AND AN ELECTROLYTE BETWEEN AND IN CONTACT WITH SAID ANODE MATERIAL AND SAID COMPOSITE CATHODE STRUCTURE, SAID ELECTROLYTE COMPRISING AN INORGANIC, ELECTROCHEMICALLY REDUCIBLE OXYHALIDE OR THIOHALIDE SOLVENT AND A SOLUTE DISSOLVED THEREIN, SAID SOLVENT BEING ELECTROCHEMICALLY REDUCED UPON THE SURFACE OF SAID CATHODE MATERAIL DURING OPERATION OF SAID CELL, WHEREBY SAID SOLVENT MATERIAL IN CONJUNCTION WITH SAID OXIDIZABLE ANODE MATERIAL IS UTILIZED AS A SOURCE OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY, SAID CATHODE MATERIAL BEING SUFFICIENTLY POROUS TOPERMIT ELECTROLYTE TRANSFER THERETHROUGH.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
274 words
AN ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL COMPRISING A HOUSING, A SOLID OXIDIZABLE ACTIVE ANODE MATERIAL WITHIN SAID HOUSING BUT NOT IN ELECTRICAL CONTACT THEREWITH, A COMPOSITE CATHODE STRUCTURE WITHIN SAID HOUSING COMPRISING A FORAMINOUS METALLIC SCREEN COATED WITH A SOLID, POROUS CATHODE MATERIAL SAID SCREEN HAVING SHARP SPIKES AT THE ENDS AT THE PREIMETEER THEREOF WHICH CUT INTO THE WALLS OF SAID HOUSING THEREBY MAKING FIRM MECHAMICAL AND ELECTRICAL CONTACT THEREWITH WHEREBY MAKING FIRM MECHANICAL USED AS THE EXTERNAL CHATHODE WITH SAID ANODE MATERIAL AND TROLYTE BETWEEN AND IN CONTACT WITH SAID ANODE MATERIAL AND SAID COMPOSITE CATHODE STRUCTURE, SAID CATHODE MATERIAL BEING SUFFICIENTLY POROUS TO PERMIT ELECTROLYTE TRANSFER THERETHROUGH, 4, AN ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL COMPRISING A HOUSING, A SOLID OXIDIZABLE ACTIVE ANODE MATERIAL WITHIN SAID HOUSING BUT NOT IN ELECTRICAL CONTACT THEREWITH, A COMPOSITE CATHODE STRUCTURE WITHIN SAID HOUSING COMPRISING A FORAMINOUS METALLIC SCREEN COATED ON THE TOP AND BOTTOM SURFACES THEREOF WITH A SOLID, POROUS CATHODE MATERIAL, SAID SCREEN HAVING SHARP SPIKES AT THE END AT THE PRIMETER THEREOF WHICH CUT INTO THE WALLS OF SAID HOUSING THEREBY MAKING FIRM MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL CONTACT THEREWITH, WHEREBY SAID HOUSING CAN BE USED AS THE EXTERNAL CATHODE OF SAID CELL, AND AN ELECTROLYTE BETWEEN AND IN CONTACT WITH SAID ANODE MATERIAL AND SAID COMPOSITE CATHODE STRUCTURE, SAID ELECTROLYTE COMPRISING AN INORGANIC, ELECTROCHEMICALLY REDUCIBLE OXYHALIDE OR THIOHALIDE SOLVENT AND A SOLUTE DISSOLVED THEREIN, SAID SOLVENT BEING ELECTROCHEMICALLY REDUCED UPON THE SURFACE OF SAID CATHODE MATERAIL DURING OPERATION OF SAID CELL, WHEREBY SAID SOLVENT MATERIAL IN CONJUNCTION WITH SAID OXIDIZABLE ANODE MATERIAL IS UTILIZED AS A SOURCE OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY, SAID CATHODE MATERIAL BEING SUFFICIENTLY POROUS TOPERMIT ELECTROLYTE TRANSFER THERETHROUGH.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
18 words
The cell of claim 1 further including a separator between said anode material and said composite cathode structure.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
34 words
The cell of claim 1 wherein said composite cathode structure is tightly fitted into said housing to thereby ensure said firm mechanical and electrical contact without need for further mechanical support or electrical contacts.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
34 words
The cell of claim 4 wherein said composite cathode structure is tightly fitted into said housing to thereby ensure said firm mechanical and electrical contact without need for further mechanical support or electrical contacts.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
14 words
The cell of claim 4 wherein said oxidizable anode material is an alkali metal.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
12 words
The cell of claim 4 wherein said oxidizable anode material is lithium.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
12 words
The cell of claim 4 wherein said cathode material is porous carbon.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
28 words
The cell of claim 4 wherein said cathode material includes (C4F)n where n refers to a large, but indefinite, number of recurring (C4F) groups in said cathode material.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
19 words
The cell of claim 4 wherein said foraminous metallic screen is from about 30 mesh to about 360 mesh.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
21 words
The cell of claim 4 wherein said solvent is an oxyhalide or a thiohalide of phosphorus or an oxyhalide of sulfur.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
40 words
The cell of claim 4 wherein said solvent is selected from the group consisting of phosphorus oxychloride, monofluorophosphoryl dichloride, monobromophosphoryl difluoride, monofluorophosphoryl dibromide, thiophosphoryl chloride, thionyl chloride, thionyl bromide, sulfuryl chloride, monofluorothiophosphoryl dichloride, monofluorothiophosphoryl dibromide, monobromothiophosphoryl difluoride, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
16 words
The cell of claim 4 wherein said solvent is thionyl chloride, sulfuryl chloride or mixtures thereof.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
21 words
The cell of claim 4 wherein said inorgAnic solvent is the sole oxidant material and sole solvent material in said cell.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
121 words
The cell of claim 4 wherein said solute provides at least one anion having the formula X , MX4 , M''X6 , and M''''X6 , where M is an element selected from the group consisting of aluminum and boron; M'' is an element selected from the group consisting of phosphorus, arsenic and antimony; M'''' is an element selected from the group consisting of tin, zirconium and titanium; and X is a halogen; said solute further providing at least one cation selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, the alkaline earth metals, the lanthanides, POCl2 , SOCl , SO2Cl , and R4N , where R is a radical selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl and isobutyl.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
12 words
The cell of claim 4 wherein said solute includes a Lewis acid.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
18 words
The cell of claim 4 further including a separator between said anode material and said composite cathode structure.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
35 words
The cell of claim 4 wherein one of the products of the discharge of said cell is the halide of said active anode material, the halogen in said halide originating from said inorganic solvent material.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
37 words
The cell of claim 4 wherein said anode material is lithium; said cathode material is carbon; said inorganic solvent is thionyl chloride, sulfuryl chloride or a mixture thereof; and said solute is lithium tetrachloroaluminate or antimony pentachloride.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1978-09-22 | 1979-03-24 | 1979-09-23 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1982-09-22 | 1983-03-24 | 1983-09-23 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1986-09-22 | 1987-03-24 | 1987-09-23 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |