Patent US4660450A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
Patent US3907592A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US3907592A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Halogen hydrates
Assignee: Energy Development Associates Inc
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Filing: 1974-01-11
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Granted: 1975-09-23
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Expires: 1994-01-11
Abstract
Abstract A process for the useful storage of electrical energy employing halogen hydrates is described. The halogen hydrate can be generated during the charging of a secondary battery or may be chemically generated and placed in a primary battery.
Inventors
- 👤 Philip C Symons
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-08 04:06
CPC Classifications
H; H01; H01M; H01M10/00; H01M10/36; H01M10/365; H01M12/00; H01M12/08; H01M12/085; Y; Y02; Y02E; Y02E60/00; Y02E60/10
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 55
Claim 1
Independent Claim
24 words
A PROCESS FOR PRODUCING HALOGEN HYDRATE IN A HOUSING CONTAINING AN ELECTRODE AREA WITH AT LEAST ONE POSITIVE AND ONE NEGATIVE ELECTRODE THEREIN, COMPRISING:
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
24 words
A PROCESS FOR PRODUCING HALOGEN HYDRATE IN A HOUSING CONTAINING AN ELECTRODE AREA WITH AT LEAST ONE POSITIVE AND ONE NEGATIVE ELECTRODE THEREIN, COMPRISING:
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
17 words
PASSING A CURRENT THROUGH AN AQUEOUS METAL HALIDE ELECTROLYTE SOLUTION THEREBY GENERATING HALOGEN AT THE POSITIVE ELECTRODE:
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
17 words
PASSING A CURRENT THROUGH AN AQUEOUS METAL HALIDE ELECTROLYTE SOLUTION THEREBY GENERATING HALOGEN AT THE POSITIVE ELECTRODE:
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
12 words
FORMING A HALOGEN HYDRATE FROM THE HALOGEN GENERATED DURING STEP (1): AND
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
12 words
FORMING A HALOGEN HYDRATE FROM THE HALOGEN GENERATED DURING STEP (1): AND
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
21 words
The process of claim 1, wherein the separating of halogen hydrate occurs in a storage area separate from the electrode area.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
12 words
forming a halogen hydrate from the halogen generated during step (1); and
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
12 words
forming a halogen hydrate from the halogen generated during step (1); and
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
12 words
forming a halogen hydrate from the halogen generated during step (1); and
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
12 words
forming a halogen hydrate from the halogen generated during step (1); and
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
9 words
storing the halogen hydrate in a storage compartment means.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
9 words
storing the halogen hydrate in a storage compartment means.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
7 words
separating a halogen hydrate from the solution.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
7 words
separating a halogen hydrate from the solution.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
24 words
The process of claim 2, wherein the storage area is maintained at a temperature not higher than the critical temperature of the halogen hydrate.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
7 words
SEPARATING A HALOGEN HYDRATE FROM THE SOLUTION.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
7 words
SEPARATING A HALOGEN HYDRATE FROM THE SOLUTION.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
26 words
The process of claim 2, wherein the temperature of the storage area is maintained from about -5* C. and the critical temperature of the halogen hydrate.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
26 words
The process of claim 1, wherein after step (1) said halogen is separated from the liquid metal halide solution, cooled and than introduced into step (2).
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
26 words
The process of claim 1, wherein the solution with halogen gas entrained therein is passed from the electrode area, cooled and then introduced into step (2).
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
12 words
The process of claim 1, wherein the halogen hydrate is chlorine hydrate.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
16 words
The process of claim 1, wherein the solution is an aqueous solution of a metal halide.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
16 words
The process of claim 1, wherein the solution is an aqueous Group II-B metal halide solution.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
13 words
The process of claim 9, wherein the solution is a zinc chloride solution.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
19 words
The process of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte solution has a concentration of about 0.1% by weight to saturation.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
41 words
The process of claim 1, wherein the halogen hydrate is formed by cooling a solution of an aqueous metal halide with halogen entrained therein at a temperature of from about -5* C. to about the critical temperature of the halogen hydrate.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
13 words
The process of claim 1, comprising filtering said halogen hydrate from the electrolyte.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
21 words
The process of claim 13, comprising applying pressure on a filtering device with a reservoir of an aqueous metal halide solution.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
17 words
The process of claim 14, comprising passing a portion of said reservoir solution to the electrode area.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
30 words
A process for charging an electrical energy storage device having an electrode compartment means containing therein at least one positive electrode means and one negative electrode means, comprising the steps:
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
30 words
A process for charging an electrical energy storage device having an electrode compartment means containing therein at least one positive electrode means and one negative electrode means, comprising the steps:
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
21 words
The process of claim 16, wherein the halogen hydrate is selected from the group consisting of chlorine hydrate and bromine hydrate.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
34 words
The process of claim 17, further comprising passing the electrolyte from the electrode compartment to the storage compartment, separating the halogen hydrate from the electrolyte and passing the electrolyte back to the electrode compartment.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
49 words
The process of claim 17, further comprising circulating the electrolyte sequentially past the electrode means in the electrode compartment means, externally of the electrode compartment means and back past the electrode means, and forming halogen hydrate from the aqueous electrolyte as it circulates externally of the electrode compartment means.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
23 words
The process of claim 17, further comprising depositing the metal from the metal halide electrolyte onto the negative electrode while generating the halogen.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
30 words
The process of claim 17, wherein the storage compartment is maintained, during storage of the halogen hydrate, at a temperature not higher than the critical temperature of the halogen hydrate.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
34 words
The process of claim 17, wherein the storage compartment is maintained, during storage of the halogen hydrate, at a temperature ranging from about -5* C. to about the critical temperature of the halogen hydrate.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
24 words
The process of claim 17, wherein the halogen hydrate is formed by reacting the halogen generated during charging with water from the aqueous electrolyte.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
36 words
The process of claim 17, wherein the halogen hydrate is formed by cooling the electrolyte with halogen entrained therein at a temperature of from about -5* C. to about the critical temperature of the halogen hydrate.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
12 words
The process of claim 17, wherein the halogen hydrate is chlorine hydrate.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
22 words
The process of claim 17, wherein the metal halide electrolyte solution has a concentration of from about 0.1% by weight to saturation.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
36 words
The process of claim 17, further comprising passing the electricity through an aqueous zinc chloride electrolyte when the concentration of metal halide has a range such that the conductivity-concentration curves of the electrolyte are reasonably flat.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
32 words
The process of claim 27, wherein the concentration of the zinc chloride ranges from about 15% to about 35% by weight and chlorine hydrate is formed from the aqueous zinc chloride electrolyte.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
17 words
The process of claim 17, wherein the metal of the metal halide is a Group II-B metal.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
17 words
The process of claim 17, wherein the metal of the metal halide is a Group VIII metal.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
23 words
The process of claim 17, wherein the metal of the metal halide is selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt, and nickel.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
14 words
The process of claim 17, wherein the metal of the metal halide is zinc.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
19 words
The process of claim 17, wherein the metal halide is zinc chloride, and the halogen hydrate is chlorine hydrate.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
41 words
The process of cLaim 17, wherein the electrode at which halogen is formed is comprised of a substance selected from the group consisting of carbon, graphite and a valve metal, the valve metal having a surface coating of a noble metal.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
113 words
The process of claim 17, wherein an ion permeable diaphragm is mounted between the positive and negative electrode means of a cell thereby forming a positive electrode compartment means and a negative electrode compartment means; circulating the aqueous metal halide electrolyte solution sequentially past said negative electrode means in said electrode compartment means, externally of said electrode compartment means and back past said negative electrode means; circulating the aqueous metal halide electrolyte solution sequentially past said positive electrode means in said electrode compartment means, externally of said electrode compartment means and back past said positive electrode means; and forming halogen hydrate from aqueous electrolyte as it circulates outside of the electrode compartment means.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
30 words
The process of claim 17, further comprising separating the halogen, generated in step (1), from the aqueous metal halide electrolyte, cooling the halogen and then introducing it into step (2).
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
44 words
The process of claim 17, further comprising separating the halogen, generated in step (1), from the aqueous metal halide electrolyte, cooling the separated aqueous metal halide electrolyte and forming halogen hydrate by contacting the separated halogen and the separated aqueous metal halide electrolyte solution.
Claim 54
Dependent Claim
25 words
The process of claim 17, further comprising cooling the aqueous metal halide solution with halogen entrained therein, and then introducing the solution into step (2).
Claim 55
Dependent Claim
36 words
The process of claim 17, further comprising having a reservoir of electrolyte in the storage compartment and passing a portion of the electrolyte from the reservoir into the electrode compartment during the charging of the device.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1978-09-22 | 1979-03-24 | 1979-09-23 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1982-09-22 | 1983-03-24 | 1983-09-23 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1986-09-22 | 1987-03-24 | 1987-09-23 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |