Patent US2157622A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
Patent US3901690A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US3901690A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Wear resistant alloy steels containing cb and one of ti, hf or zr
Assignee: Carpenter Technology Corp
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Filing: 1973-08-10
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Granted: 1975-08-26
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Expires: 1993-08-10
Abstract
Abstract Alloy steels are provided with improved resistance to abrasive wear, without significantly detracting from other desired properties, by the addition of columbium and carbon to form CbC and at least one of the elements titanium, zirconium and hafnium so that an effective amount of the columbium carbide formed is idiomorphic. Specific examples are given of A.I.S.I. type H12 and type A6, and a high speed steel modified in accordance with the invention.
Inventors
- 👤 Thoni V Philip
- 👤 Douglas W Dietrich
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-28 07:37
CPC Classifications
C; C22; C22C; C22C38/00; C22C38/12
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 32
Claim 1
Independent Claim
153 words
ALLOY STEEL CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY BY WEIGHT OF ABOUT 0.2% TO 2.5% CARBON, UP TO ABOUT 2.5% MANGANESE, UP TO ABOUT 2.5% SILICON, UP TO ABOUT 1.5% ALUMINUM, UP TO ABOUT 19% CHROMIUM, UP TO ABOUT 5% NICKEL, UP TO ABOUT 10.5% MOLYBDENUM, UP TO ABOUT 20% TUNGSTEN, UP TO ABOUT 6% VANADIUM, UP TO ABOUT 15% COBALT, UP TO ABOUT 4% COPPER, UP TO ABOUT 0.1% NITROGEN, ABOUT 1.1% TO 2.99% COLUMBIUM, AT LEAST ONE ELEMENT SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF 0.04% TO 0.3% TITANIUM, 0.05% TO 0.5% ZIRCONIUM AND 0.03% TO 0.5% HAFNIUM, THE BALANCE IRON AND INCIDENTAL IMPURITIES, THE IRON CONTENT BEING AT LEAST 65%, THE AMOUNT OF CARBON BEING AT LEAST ABOUT 0.07% PLUS THE AMOUNT REQUIRED TO COMBINE WITH THE COLUMBIUM TO FORM COLUMBIUM CARBIDE, AND SAID ONEELEMENT BEING EFFECTIVE TO INCREASE THE AMOUNT OF IDIOMORPHIC COLUMBIUM CARBIDE FORMED WHEREBY SAID STEEL HAS IMPROVED RESISTANCE TO ABRASIVE WEAR.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
153 words
ALLOY STEEL CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY BY WEIGHT OF ABOUT 0.2% TO 2.5% CARBON, UP TO ABOUT 2.5% MANGANESE, UP TO ABOUT 2.5% SILICON, UP TO ABOUT 1.5% ALUMINUM, UP TO ABOUT 19% CHROMIUM, UP TO ABOUT 5% NICKEL, UP TO ABOUT 10.5% MOLYBDENUM, UP TO ABOUT 20% TUNGSTEN, UP TO ABOUT 6% VANADIUM, UP TO ABOUT 15% COBALT, UP TO ABOUT 4% COPPER, UP TO ABOUT 0.1% NITROGEN, ABOUT 1.1% TO 2.99% COLUMBIUM, AT LEAST ONE ELEMENT SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF 0.04% TO 0.3% TITANIUM, 0.05% TO 0.5% ZIRCONIUM AND 0.03% TO 0.5% HAFNIUM, THE BALANCE IRON AND INCIDENTAL IMPURITIES, THE IRON CONTENT BEING AT LEAST 65%, THE AMOUNT OF CARBON BEING AT LEAST ABOUT 0.07% PLUS THE AMOUNT REQUIRED TO COMBINE WITH THE COLUMBIUM TO FORM COLUMBIUM CARBIDE, AND SAID ONEELEMENT BEING EFFECTIVE TO INCREASE THE AMOUNT OF IDIOMORPHIC COLUMBIUM CARBIDE FORMED WHEREBY SAID STEEL HAS IMPROVED RESISTANCE TO ABRASIVE WEAR.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
29 words
The steel set forth in claim 1 further containing up to about 0.5% of at least one additive selected from the group consisting of sulfur, selenium, lead and tellurium.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
18 words
The steel set forth in claim 1 in which said one element is about 0.04% to 0.15% titanium.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
18 words
The steel set forth in claim 1 in which said one element is about 0.05% to 0.2% zirconium.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
18 words
The steel set forth in claim 1 in which said one element is about 0.1 to 0.25% hafnium.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
14 words
The steel set forth in claim 3 which contains about 1.1% to 2.85% columbium.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
14 words
The steel set forth in claim 4 which contains about 1.1% to 2.85% columbium.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
14 words
The steel set forth in claim 5 which contains about 1.1% to 2.85% columbium.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
136 words
Abrasive wear resistant hot work steel consisting essentially by weight of about 0.45% to 0.9% carbon, no more than about 0.6% manganese, about 0.75% to 1.25% silicon, about 4% to 5.5% chromium, about 1% to 1.7% molybdenum, up to about 1.7% tungsten, about 0.2% to 1.25% vanadium, up to about 0.1% nitrogen, about 2% to 2.75% columbium at least one element selected from the group consisting of 0.04% to 0.15% titanium, 0.05% to 0.2% zirconium, and 0.03% to 0.5% hafnium, the balance consisting essentially of iron and incidental impurities, the amount of carbon being at least about 0.07% plus the amount required to combine with the columbium to form columbium carbide, and said one element being effective to increase substantially the amount of idiomorphic columbium carbide formed whereby said steel has improved resistance to abrasive wear.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
136 words
Abrasive wear resistant hot work steel consisting essentially by weight of about 0.45% to 0.9% carbon, no more than about 0.6% manganese, about 0.75% to 1.25% silicon, about 4% to 5.5% chromium, about 1% to 1.7% molybdenum, up to about 1.7% tungsten, about 0.2% to 1.25% vanadium, up to about 0.1% nitrogen, about 2% to 2.75% columbium at least one element selected from the group consisting of 0.04% to 0.15% titanium, 0.05% to 0.2% zirconium, and 0.03% to 0.5% hafnium, the balance consisting essentially of iron and incidental impurities, the amount of carbon being at least about 0.07% plus the amount required to combine with the columbium to form columbium carbide, and said one element being effective to increase substantially the amount of idiomorphic columbium carbide formed whereby said steel has improved resistance to abrasive wear.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
23 words
The abrasive wear resistant hot work steel set forth in claim 9 in which said one element is about 0.05% to 0.15% titanium.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
22 words
The abrasive wear resistant hot work steel set forth in claim 9 which said one element is about 0.1% to 0.25% hafnium.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
118 words
Abrasive wear resistant deep air-hardening steel consisting essentially by weight of 0.4% to 1.2% carbon, about 0.5% to 2.5% manganese, about 0.5% to 1.5% chromium, about 0.25% to 1.75% molybdenum, up to about 0.1% nitrogen, about 1.1% to 2.99 columbium, at least one element selected from the group consisting of 0.04% to 0.3% titanium, 0.05% to 0.5% zirconium, and 0.03% to 0.5% hafnium, the balance consisting essentially of iron and incidental impurities, the amount of carbon being at least about 0.07% plus the amount required to combine with the columbium to form columbium carbide, and said one element being effective to increase the amount of idiomorphic columbium carbide formed whereby said steel has improved resistance to abrasive wear.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
118 words
Abrasive wear resistant deep air-hardening steel consisting essentially by weight of 0.4% to 1.2% carbon, about 0.5% to 2.5% manganese, about 0.5% to 1.5% chromium, about 0.25% to 1.75% molybdenum, up to about 0.1% nitrogen, about 1.1% to 2.99 columbium, at least one element selected from the group consisting of 0.04% to 0.3% titanium, 0.05% to 0.5% zirconium, and 0.03% to 0.5% hafnium, the balance consisting essentially of iron and incidental impurities, the amount of carbon being at least about 0.07% plus the amount required to combine with the columbium to form columbium carbide, and said one element being effective to increase the amount of idiomorphic columbium carbide formed whereby said steel has improved resistance to abrasive wear.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
19 words
The abrasive wear resistant deep air-hardening steel set forth in claim 12 which contains about 1.1% to 2.85% columbium.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
22 words
The abrasive wear resistant deep air-hardnEing steel set forth in claim 13 in which said one element is 0.05% to 0.15% titanium.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
22 words
The abrasive wear resistant deep air-hardening steel set forth in claim 13 in which said one element is 0.05% to 0.2% zirconium.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
22 words
The abrasive wear resistant deep air-hardening steel set forth in claim 13 in which said one element is 0.1% to 0.25% hafnium.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
19 words
The abrasive wear resistant deep air-hardening steel set forth in claim 14 which contains about 2.5% to 2.85% columbium.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
19 words
The abrasive wear resistant deep air-hardening steel set forth in claim 15 which contains about 2.5% to 2.85% columbium.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
19 words
The abrasive wear resistant deep air-hardening steel set forth in claim 16 which contains about 2.5% to 2.85% columbium.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
137 words
Abrasive wear resistant high speed steel consisting essentially by weight of about 0.5% to 2.0% carbon, less than about 0.5% manganese, less than about 0.5% silicon, about 3.5% to 4.5% chromium, up to about 0.5% nickel, up to about 10.5% molybdenum, up to about 19% tungsten, about 0.75% to 5.5% vanadium, about 3% to 12% cobalt, up to about 0.5% copper, about 1.1% to 2.99% columbium, up to about 0.1% nitrogen, at least one element selected from the group consisting of 0.04% to 0.3% titanium, 0.05% to 0.5% zirconium and 0.03% to 0.5% hafnium, the balance consisting essentially of iron and incidental impurities, the columbium and some of the carbon forming columbium carbide, and said one element being effective to increase the amount of idiomorphic columbium carbide formed whereby said steel has improved resistance to abrasive wear.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
137 words
Abrasive wear resistant high speed steel consisting essentially by weight of about 0.5% to 2.0% carbon, less than about 0.5% manganese, less than about 0.5% silicon, about 3.5% to 4.5% chromium, up to about 0.5% nickel, up to about 10.5% molybdenum, up to about 19% tungsten, about 0.75% to 5.5% vanadium, about 3% to 12% cobalt, up to about 0.5% copper, about 1.1% to 2.99% columbium, up to about 0.1% nitrogen, at least one element selected from the group consisting of 0.04% to 0.3% titanium, 0.05% to 0.5% zirconium and 0.03% to 0.5% hafnium, the balance consisting essentially of iron and incidental impurities, the columbium and some of the carbon forming columbium carbide, and said one element being effective to increase the amount of idiomorphic columbium carbide formed whereby said steel has improved resistance to abrasive wear.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
25 words
The abrasive wear resistant high speed steel set forth in claim 20 which contains about 0.15% to 0.4% manganese and about 0.15% to 0.4% silicon.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
18 words
The abrasive wear resistant high speed steel set forth in claim 20 which contains 1.1% to 2.85% columbium.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
23 words
The abrasive wear resistant high speed steel set forth in claim 22 in which said one element is about 0.05% to 0.15% titanium.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
23 words
The abrasive wear resistant high speed steel set forth in claim 22 in which said one element is about 0.05% to 0.2% zirconium.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
23 words
The abrasive wear resistant high speed steel set forth in claim 22 in which said one element is about 0.1% to 0.25% hafnium.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
19 words
The abrasive wear resistant high speed steel set forth in claim 23 which contains about 2.5% to 2.85% columbium.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
19 words
The abrasive wear resistant high speed steel set forth in claim 24 which contains about 2.5% to 2.85% columbium.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
19 words
The abrasive wear resistant high speed steel set forth in claim 25 which contains about 2.5% to 2.85% columbium.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1978-08-25 | 1979-02-24 | 1979-08-26 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1982-08-25 | 1983-02-24 | 1983-08-26 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1986-08-25 | 1987-02-24 | 1987-08-26 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |