Liquid toners with an amphipathic graft type polymeric molecule

Claim 2

A LIQUID ELECTROSTATOGRAPHIC TONER ESSENTIALLY COMPRISING A LIQUID SOLVENT SYSTEM, AMPHIPATHIC POLYMERIC MOLECULES OF THE GRAFT TYPE EACH HAVING A POLYMERIC BACKBONE PART AND A POLYMERIC GRAFT PART ON SAID BACKBONE, EACH OF SAID MOLECULES BEING COMPOSED OF TWO MOIETIES OF WHICH AT LEAST ONE IS THERMOPLASTIC, SAID FIRST MOIETY, WHICH IS ONE OF SAID PARTS, BEING SOLVATED BY SAID SYSTEM, A PORTION OF SAID FIRST MOIETY BEING A DISPERSANT AND A FIXATIVE TO BOND THE MOLECULES TO A SUBSTRATE, AND A SECOND MOIETY, WHICH IS THE OTHER OF SAID PARTS, BEING INSOLUBLE IN SAID SYSTEM, SAID SECOND MOIETY HAVING A PARTICLE SIZE BETWEEN 25MU AND 25U, A PORTION OF SAID SECOND MOIETY BEING A FIXATIVE TO BOND THE MOLECULES TO A SUBSTRATE, SO THAT THERE IS PROVIDED A CONTINUOUS PHASE CONSTITUTING THE SOLVENT SYSTEM WITH THE FIRST MOIETIES OF THE MOLECULES DISSOLVED THEREIN AND A DISPERSED PHASE CONSTITUTING THE NON-SOLVATED MOIETIES OF THE MOLECULES WHEREBY SAID MOLECULES ACT AS A MONO-DISPERSED PARTICLE PHASE, A FIXATIVE AND A DISPERSANT, AND A CHARGE DIRECTOR.

Claim 3

A liquid toner as set forth in claim 1 which further includes a color agent.

Claim 4

A liquid toner as set forth in claim 1 wherein the charge director imparts a resistivity to the toner of from 1014 to no less than 109 ohms cms.

Claim 5

A liquid toner as set forth in claim 1 wherein the charge director imparts a resistivity to the toner of from 1013 to 1010 ohms cms.

Claim 6

A liquid toner as set forth in claim 1 wherein the charge director imparts a resistivity to the toner of from 2 X 1012 to 1011 ohms cms.

Claim 7

A liquid toner as set forth in claim 2 wherein a color agent is a moiety of the amphipathic molecule.

Claim 8

A liquid toner as set forth in claim 2 wherein the color agent is a compound other than the amphipathic molecule.

Claim 9

A liquid toner as set forth in clAim 1 wherein the amphipathic molecule includes a solvated moiety selected from the class consisting of crepe rubber; refined linseed oil; degraded rubber; alkyd resins, polyisobutylene; polybutadiene; polyisoprene; polyisobornyl methacrylate; homopolymeric vinyl esters of long chain fatty acids; homopolymeric vinyl alkyl ethers; homopolymers of the C4-C22 alkyl esters of acrylic and methacrylic acid in a molecular weight range of about 103 to about 106; copolymers of the aforesaid C4-C22 alkyl esters with one another; copolymers of the aforesaid C4-C22 alkyl esters with one another and with methyl, ethyl, isopropyl and propyl esters of acrylic and methacrylic acids; copolymers of the C4-C22 alkyl esters of acrylic and methacrylic acids with monomers containing acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, maleic acid, atropic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, citraconic acid, acrylic anhydride, methacrylic anhydride, maleic anhydride, acryloyl chloride, methacryloyl chloride, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, N-vinyl pyrrolidone, acrylamide and derivatives thereof, methacrylamide and derivatives thereof, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, dimethylaminomethyl methacrylate, dimethylaminomethyl acrylate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, diethylaminomethyl methacrylate, diethylaminomethyl acrylate, diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, diethylaminoethyl acrylate, t-butylaminoethyl methacrylate, t-butylaminoethyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, allyl alcohol and derivatives thereof, cinnamic acid and derivatives thereof, styrene and derivatives thereof, butadiene, methallyl alcohol and derivatives thereof, propargyl alcohol and derivatives thereof, indene and derivatives thereof, norbornene and derivatives thereof, vinyl ethers, vinyl esters, vinyl derivatives other than vinyl ethers and vinyl esters, glycidyl methacrylate, glycidyl acrylate, mono- and dimethyl maleate, mono- and dimethyl fumarate, mono- and diethyl maleate and mono-and diethyl fumarate; condensation polymers; copolymers of butadiene, isoprene and isobutylene with C4-C22 alkyl esters of acrylic and methacrylic acids; polycarbonates; polyamides; polyurethanes and epoxies, and the nonsolvated moiety comprises homopolymers and copolymers formed from monomers selected from the class consisting of vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl acrylate, propyl methacrylate, isopropyl acrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, hydroxy ethyl acrylate, hydroxy ethyl methacrylate, hydroxy propyl acrylate, hydroxy propyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, acrylamide, methacrylamide, acrylic acid, acrylic anhydride, methacrylic acid, methacrylic anhydride, mono methyl maleate, mono methyl fumarate, mono ethyl maleate, mono ethyl fumarate, styrene, vinyl toluene, maleic acid, maleic anhydride crotonic acid, crotonic anhydride, fumaric acid, atropic acid, allylamine, vinyl amine, allyl alcohol, vinyl pyridines and derivatives thereof, glycidyl acrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, dialkylaminoalkyl methacrylate, dialkylaminoalkyl acrylate, methacrylyl acetone, N-hydroxymethyl methacrylamides, alkoxymethyl methacrylamides, acryloyl chloride, methacryloyl chloride, vinyl isocyanate, cyanomethylacrylate, vinyl Beta -chloroethylsulphone, vinyl sulphonic acid and vinyl phosphoric acid.

Claim 10

A liquid toner as set forth in claim 1 wherein the charge director is selected from the class consisting of di-2-ethylhexyl sodium sulfosuccinate; di-tridecyl sodium sulfosuccinate; aluminum, chromium, zinc and calcium salts of 3, 5-dialkylsalicylic acid, wherein the alkyl group is propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tertiary butyl, amyl, isoamyl and other alkyl groups up to C-18; aluminum, chromium, zinc and calcium salts of dialkyl gamma-resorcylic acid, wherein the alkyl iS as above; isopropylamine salt of dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid; aluminum, vanadium and tin dresinates; aluminum stearate; cobalt, iron and manganese octoates; a partially imidized polyamine with lubricating-oil-soluble polyisobutylene chains and free secondary amines, gravity at 60*F API 22.9, specific 0.92, flash point by the Cleveland open cup method, 425*F, viscosity at 210*F, 400 SSU, color (ASTM D-1500) L55D, nitrogen, percentage by weight 2.0, and alkalinity value, (SM-205-15) 43; soya bean lecithin, an aluminum salt of 50/50 by weight mixture of the mono- and di-2 ethylhexyl esters of phosphoric acid, and a terpolymer consisting of 50 percent by weight octadecenyl, methacrylate, 40 percent by weight styrene, and 10 percent by weight diethylaminoethyl methacrylate.

Claim 11

A liquid toner as set forth in claim 1 wherein the amphipathic molecule includes a backbone chain of comonomers and attached chains having attached sites of a precursor monomer derived from monomers selected from the affiliated monomer groups set forth below:

Claim 12

A liquid toner as set forth in claim 1 wherein the solvent system is a liquid petroleum fraction.

Claim 13

A liquid toner as set forth in claim 11 wherein the liquid petroleum fraction has an electrical resistivity of at least 109 ohm cm., a dielectric constant of less than three and one-half, a TCC flash point of 100*F. to 152*F. and a viscosity of 0.5 to 2.5 centipoises at room temperature.

Claim 14

A liquid toner as set forth in claim 2 wherein the chromophore is selected from the class consisting of powdered metals, powdered metal oxides, powdered metal salts, acetamine black CBS, nigrosine base No. 424, Hansa Yellow G, spirit nigrosine SSB, Rubanox Red CP-1495 and carbon black.

Claim 15

A liquid toner as set forth in claim 1 wherein the solvated moiety is poly (lauryl methacrylate - glycidyl methacrylate-methacrylic acid).

Claim 16

A liquid toner as set forth in claim 14 wherein the non-solvated moiety is poly (vinyl acetate).

Claim 17

A liquid toner as set forth in claim 14 wherein the non-solvated moiety is poly (vinyl acetate/N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone).

Claim 18

A liquid toner as set forth in claim 14 wherein the non-solvated moiety is poly (vinyl acetate/crotonic acid).

Claim 19

A liquid toner as set forth in claim 14 wherein the non-solvated moiety is poly (vinyl acetate/methyl hydrogen maleate).

Claim 20

A liquid toner as set forth in claim 1 wherein the solvated moiety is poly (isodecyl methacrylate-glycidyl methacrylate -methacrylic acid).

Claim 21

A liquid toner as set forth in claim 19 wherein the non-solvated moiety is poly (vinyl acetate).

Claim 22

A liquid toner as set forth in claim 1 wherein the solvated moiety is poly (stearyl methacrylate - glycidyl methacrylate -methacrylic acid).

Claim 23

A liquid toner as set forth in claim 1 wherein the solvated moiety is poly (lauryl methacrylate - glycidyl methacrylate -methacrylic acid - chromophore).

Claim 24

A liquid toner as set forth in claim 1 wherein the solvated moiety is poly (lauryl methacrylate - N-1,1,3,3tetramethyl butyl methacrylamide - glycidyl methacrylate - methacrylic acid).

Claim 25

A liquid toner as set forth in claim 1 wherein the non-solvated moiety includes a polymer having recurring units of methyl hydrogen maleate.

Claim 26

A liquid toner as set forth in claim 1 wherein the non-solvated moiety is a poly (vinyl acetate/methyl hydrogen maleate).

Claim 27

A liquid toner as set forth in claim 6 wherein the chromophore is a dye selected from the class consisting of Pontacyl Brilliant Blue A (Dupont) (C.I. Acid Blue 7); Calcocid Brilliant Blue FFR (American Cyanamid) (C.I. Acid Blue 104); Femazo Brown N (General Aniline) (C.I. Acid Brown 14); Crocein Scarlet N (Dupont) (C.I. Red 73); Oxanal Yellow I (Ciba) (C.I. Acid Yellow 63); Benzyl Black 4BN (Ciba) (C.I. Black 26A); Magenta (C.I. Solvent Red 41, C.I. No. 42510B); Crystal Violet (C.I. Solvent Violet 9, C.I. No. 42555B); Bismarck Brown (C.I. Solvent Brown 12, C.I. No. 21010B); Victoria Blue BA (C.I. Solvent Blue 4, C.I. No. 44045B); Victoria Blue R (C.I. Solvent Blue 6, C.I. No. 44040R); Victoria Blue 4R (C.I. Solvent Blue 2, C.I. No. 42563B); Copying Black SK (C.I. No. 11975); Janus Green B (C.I. No. 11050); Auramine 0 (C.I. Solvent Yellow 34, C.I. No. 4100B); Victoria Green (C.I. Solvent Green 1, C.I. No. 42000B); and Rhodamine (C.I. Solvent Red 49, C.I. No. 45170B).