Patent US3899377A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US3899377A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Bonding aluminium
Assignee: Individual
•
Filing: 1974-07-09
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Granted: 1975-08-12
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Expires: 1994-07-09
Abstract
Abstract In the formation of an adhesive or cohesive bond between aluminium and a metal, a liquid, paper or a thermosetting plastics material the surface of the aluminium to be bonded is affected by frictional treatment consisting of applying a rapidly moving tool frictionally to that surface, to another surface of the aluminium or to a surface of a layer intervening between the tool and the aluminium. Examples of the process are the joining of broken web ends of aluminium foil, the seaming of aluminium plate and the lamination of aluminium foil to woven glass or cotton cloth.
Inventors
- 👤 Penelope Jane Vesey Luc
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-31 16:11
CPC Classifications
C; C09; C09J; C09J5/00; C09J5/02; F; F16; F16B; F16B11/00; F16B11/006; C09J2400/00; C09J2400/10; C09J2400/16; C09J2400/166
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 34
Claim 1
Independent Claim
16 words
THE ALUMINUM HAVING THE PREDETERMINED AREA AT WHICH BONDING IS DESIRED, AT THE PREDETERMINED AREA, AND
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
16 words
THE ALUMINUM HAVING THE PREDETERMINED AREA AT WHICH BONDING IS DESIRED, AT THE PREDETERMINED AREA, AND
Claim 3
Independent Claim
86 words
A METHOD OF BONDING ALUMINUM TO A MATERIAL OF THE GROUP CONSISTING OF A PAPER AND A NON-RESINOUS CLOTH, THE BONDING OCCURRING AT A PREDETERMINED AREA OF THE ALUMINUM AND THE MATERIAL AT WHICH A BOND IS DESIRED, COMPRISING THE STEPS OF: I. SUBJECTING AT LEAST ONE OF THE SURFACE OF: A. THE ALUMINUM TO BE BONDED, THE SURFACE OF THE ALUMINUM, EXCLUDING THE PREDETERMINED AREA OF THE SURFACE OF THE ALUMINUM AT WHICH BONDING IS DESIRED AND CONSISTING OF AT LEAST ONE OF AT LEAST:
Claim 4
Independent Claim
86 words
A METHOD OF BONDING ALUMINUM TO A MATERIAL OF THE GROUP CONSISTING OF A PAPER AND A NON-RESINOUS CLOTH, THE BONDING OCCURRING AT A PREDETERMINED AREA OF THE ALUMINUM AND THE MATERIAL AT WHICH A BOND IS DESIRED, COMPRISING THE STEPS OF: I. SUBJECTING AT LEAST ONE OF THE SURFACE OF: A. THE ALUMINUM TO BE BONDED, THE SURFACE OF THE ALUMINUM, EXCLUDING THE PREDETERMINED AREA OF THE SURFACE OF THE ALUMINUM AT WHICH BONDING IS DESIRED AND CONSISTING OF AT LEAST ONE OF AT LEAST:
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
11 words
THE PORTION OF THE SURFACE OF THE ALUMINUM ADJACENT TO, AND
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
11 words
THE PORTION OF THE SURFACE OF THE ALUMINUM ADJACENT TO, AND
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
45 words
THE PORTION OF THE SURFACE OF THE ALUMINUM SUBSTANTIALLY OPPOSITE TO THE PREDETERMINED AREA OF THE SURFACE OF THE ALUMINUM AT WHICH BONDING IS DESIRED AND B. A LAYER OF SOLID MATERIAL ADJACENT A SURFACE OPPOSTE THE SURFACE HAVING THE PREDETERMINED AREA, OF ONE OF:
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
45 words
THE PORTION OF THE SURFACE OF THE ALUMINUM SUBSTANTIALLY OPPOSITE TO THE PREDETERMINED AREA OF THE SURFACE OF THE ALUMINUM AT WHICH BONDING IS DESIRED AND B. A LAYER OF SOLID MATERIAL ADJACENT A SURFACE OPPOSTE THE SURFACE HAVING THE PREDETERMINED AREA, OF ONE OF:
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
123 words
THE MATERIAL OF THE GROUP AT THE PREDETERMINED AREA OF THE MATERIAL AT WHICH BONDING IS DESIRED, TO A FRICTIONAL TREATMENT, THE RICTIONAL TREATMENT COAMPRISING THE SUBJECTION OF THE AT LEAST ONE SURFACE TO DYNAMIC FRICTION CREATED BY A ROTARY TOOL IN CONTACT WITH THE AT LEAST ONE SURFACE. II. BRINGING THE PREDETERMINED REA OF THE SURFACE OF THE ALUMINUM AT WHICH BONDING IS DESIRED INTO INTIMATE CONTACT WITH THE PREDETERMINED AREA OF THE SURFACE OF THE MATERIAL OF THE GROUP AT WHICH BONDING IS DESIRED, AND III. MAINTAINING THE PREDETERMINED AREAS OF THE SURFACES OF THE ALUMINUM AND THE MATERIAL IN INTIMATE CONTACT AT LEAST DURING THE STEP OF SUBJECTING, WHEREBY THE ALUMINUM AND THE MATERIAL ARE BONDED IN THE PREDETERMINED AREA.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
123 words
THE MATERIAL OF THE GROUP AT THE PREDETERMINED AREA OF THE MATERIAL AT WHICH BONDING IS DESIRED, TO A FRICTIONAL TREATMENT, THE RICTIONAL TREATMENT COAMPRISING THE SUBJECTION OF THE AT LEAST ONE SURFACE TO DYNAMIC FRICTION CREATED BY A ROTARY TOOL IN CONTACT WITH THE AT LEAST ONE SURFACE. II. BRINGING THE PREDETERMINED REA OF THE SURFACE OF THE ALUMINUM AT WHICH BONDING IS DESIRED INTO INTIMATE CONTACT WITH THE PREDETERMINED AREA OF THE SURFACE OF THE MATERIAL OF THE GROUP AT WHICH BONDING IS DESIRED, AND III. MAINTAINING THE PREDETERMINED AREAS OF THE SURFACES OF THE ALUMINUM AND THE MATERIAL IN INTIMATE CONTACT AT LEAST DURING THE STEP OF SUBJECTING, WHEREBY THE ALUMINUM AND THE MATERIAL ARE BONDED IN THE PREDETERMINED AREA.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
45 words
the portion of the surface of the aluminum substantially opposite to the predetermined area of the surface of the aluminum at which bonding is desired, and b. a layer of solid material adjacent a surface opposite the surface having the predetermined area, of one of:
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
45 words
the portion of the surface of the aluminum substantially opposite to the predetermined area of the surface of the aluminum at which bonding is desired, and b. a layer of solid material adjacent a surface opposite the surface having the predetermined area, of one of:
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
123 words
the material of the group at the predetermined area of the material at which bonding is desired, to a frictional treatment, the frictional treatment comprising the subjection of the at least one surface to dynamic friction created by a rotary tool in contact with the at least one surface. ii. bringing the predetermined area of the surface of the aluminum at which bonding is desired into intimate contact with the predetermined area of the surface of the material of the group at which bonding is desired, and iii. maintaining the predetermined areas of the surfaces of the aluminum and the material in intimate contact at least during the step of subjecting, whereby the aluminum and the material are bonded in the predetermined area.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
123 words
the material of the group at the predetermined area of the material at which bonding is desired, to a frictional treatment, the frictional treatment comprising the subjection of the at least one surface to dynamic friction created by a rotary tool in contact with the at least one surface. ii. bringing the predetermined area of the surface of the aluminum at which bonding is desired into intimate contact with the predetermined area of the surface of the material of the group at which bonding is desired, and iii. maintaining the predetermined areas of the surfaces of the aluminum and the material in intimate contact at least during the step of subjecting, whereby the aluminum and the material are bonded in the predetermined area.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
61 words
A method according to claim 1, in which the frictional treatment further includes the operation of the tool in accordance with predetermined parameters including the surface speed of relative motion between the tool and the surface subjected to a frictional treatment and the contact pressure and time duration of engagement of the tool with the surface subjected to a frictional treatment.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
45 words
the portion of the surface of the aluminum substantially opposite to the predetermined area of the surface of the aluminum at which bonding is desired, and b. a layer of solid material adjacent a surface opposite the surface having the predetermined area, of one of:
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
45 words
the portion of the surface of the aluminum substantially opposite to the predetermined area of the surface of the aluminum at which bonding is desired, and b. a layer of solid material adjacent a surface opposite the surface having the predetermined area, of one of:
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
138 words
the material of the group, at the predetermined area of the material at which bonding is desirable, to a frictional treatment, the frictional treatment comprising the subjection of the at least one surface to dynamic friction created by a tool in contact with the at least one surface, the treatment being equivalent to that provided by a wheel made of a smooth friction resisting hard wearing material, having a diameter in the range extending from about 4 to 8 centimeters, and being driven at a speed of at least 3000 to 100,000 revolutions per minute while in substantially tangent contact with the surface, the step of subjecting to a frictional treatment being carried out at least during the step of exerting a force upon the aluminum and the material; whereby the aluminum and the material are cohesively bonded.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
138 words
the material of the group, at the predetermined area of the material at which bonding is desirable, to a frictional treatment, the frictional treatment comprising the subjection of the at least one surface to dynamic friction created by a tool in contact with the at least one surface, the treatment being equivalent to that provided by a wheel made of a smooth friction resisting hard wearing material, having a diameter in the range extending from about 4 to 8 centimeters, and being driven at a speed of at least 3000 to 100,000 revolutions per minute while in substantially tangent contact with the surface, the step of subjecting to a frictional treatment being carried out at least during the step of exerting a force upon the aluminum and the material; whereby the aluminum and the material are cohesively bonded.
Claim 20
Independent Claim
177 words
A method of forming a cohesive bond at a predetermined surface location between one of aluminum sheet and aluminum foil and a material of the group consisting of a metal sheet, a metal foil, a paper material, and a non-resinous cloth material comprising the steps of: i. bringing a surface of the aluminum to be bonded into intimate contact with the surface of the material with which the aluminum is to be bonded at the location of the aluminum and the material corresponding to the location at which a bond is desired to be formed; ii. exerting a force upon the aluminum and the material to create a pressure of from approximately 2 grams/cm2 to a magnitude of 50 kilograms/cm2 at the location of the aluminum and the material in intimate contact; and iii. subjecting at least one of the surfaces of: a. the aluminum to be bonded, the surface of the aluminum excluding the predetermined area of the surface of the aluminum at which bonding is desired and consisting of at least one of at least:
Claim 21
Independent Claim
177 words
A method of forming a cohesive bond at a predetermined surface location between one of aluminum sheet and aluminum foil and a material of the group consisting of a metal sheet, a metal foil, a paper material, and a non-resinous cloth material comprising the steps of: i. bringing a surface of the aluminum to be bonded into intimate contact with the surface of the material with which the aluminum is to be bonded at the location of the aluminum and the material corresponding to the location at which a bond is desired to be formed; ii. exerting a force upon the aluminum and the material to create a pressure of from approximately 2 grams/cm2 to a magnitude of 50 kilograms/cm2 at the location of the aluminum and the material in intimate contact; and iii. subjecting at least one of the surfaces of: a. the aluminum to be bonded, the surface of the aluminum excluding the predetermined area of the surface of the aluminum at which bonding is desired and consisting of at least one of at least:
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
30 words
A method according to claim 3, and further inCluding the step of applying lubrication between the surface subjected to the frictional treatment ahd the tool in contact with the surface.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
38 words
A method according to claim 3 in which the step of subjecting consists of subjecting the portion of the surface of the aluminum opposite to and corresponding with the surface of the aluminum at which bonding is desired.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
53 words
A method according to claim 3, and further including the step of applying auxiliary excitation to one of one and more than one of the aluminum and the material at an area of the surface of the one corresponding to the location of the area of the surface at which bonding is desired.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
26 words
A method according to claim 6 in which the step of applying auxiliary excitation comprises the application of vibrational energy in the sonic and ultrasonic range.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
20 words
A method according to claim 6 in which the step of applying auxiliary excitation comprises the application of electrical energy.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
20 words
A method according to claim 6 in which the step of applying auxiliary excitation comprises the application of thermal energy.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
51 words
A method according to claim 3 in which the layer of solid material adjacent the surface includes a layer of material resistant to the bonding effect of the frictional treatment, the layer of material resistant to the bonding effect being disposed contiguous with the one of the aluminum and the material.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
31 words
A method according to claim 10 in which the layer of solid material which is adjacent the surface and is resistant to the bonding effect of the frictional treatment includes polytetrafluoroethylene.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
146 words
A method according to claim 1 including the further step of forming an assembly of the aluminum and the material upon a backing member, the assembly being located with at least the predetermined area of the assembled aluminum and the material at which the bond is desired being contiguous with the backing member, and in which the frictional treatment includes the subjecting of the surface to dynamic friction created by a rotating tool in contact with the surface and in which the step of maintaining includes the application of pressure to the surface treated by the tool utilized to subject the surface to dynamic friction, the parameter of pressure applied by the tool depending on the thickness of the respective materials to be bonded and further being at least sufficient to bring facing surfaces of the material to be bonded into intimate contact at their interface.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
43 words
A method according to claim 3 in which the step of exerting a force to create a pressure includes the application of pressure upon aluminum and the material by means independent of the tool utilized to subject the surface to a frictional treatment.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
92 words
A method according to claim 3 in which an assembly of the aluminum and the material to be bonded is placed upon a backing surface with the predetermined area of the assembly to be bonded being located contiguous with the backing surface and a force is applied to the surface treated to create a pressure sufficient to bring the aluminum to be bonded into intimate contact with the material with which the aluminum is to be bonded, the force applied being applied by means of the tool utilized to create dynamic friction.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
23 words
A method according to claim 1 in which the frictional treatment comprises treating the surface with a smooth friction resisting hard wearing material.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
33 words
A bonded assembly of aluminum and at least one of the materials of the group consisting of a paper and a textile, the bonded assembly being produced by the method of claim 10.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1978-08-11 | 1979-02-10 | 1979-08-12 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1982-08-11 | 1983-02-10 | 1983-08-12 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1986-08-11 | 1987-02-10 | 1987-08-12 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |