US3897225A — Method and apparatus for generating a gas mixture…

Claim 1

Independent Claim 243 words

A METHOD FOR GENERATING A REFORMED GAS MIXTURE WHICH CONTAINS AS COMBUSTIBLE COMPONENTS ESSENTIALLY CARBON MONOXIDE, AND AT LEAST ONE OF THE GROUP CONSISTING OF HYDROGEN AND METHANE FROM A MIXTURE OF VAPORIZED LIQUID FUEL AND AN OXYGEN CARRIER GAS COMPRISING THE STEPS OF: A. CONVERTING THE MIXTURE IN A FIRST CATALYST REACTION STAGE INTO GAS AND UNCONVERTED FUEL, B. CONVERTING FURTHER AMOUNTS OF THE UNCONVERTED FUEL FROM THE OUTPUT OF SAID FIRST REACTION STAGE IN AT LEAST ONE FURTHER REACTION STAGE IN SERIES WITH SAID FIRST STAGE TO OBTAIN REFORMED GAS, C. MIXING AN OXYGEN CARRIER GAS WITH THE OUTPUT OF EACH REACTION STAGE WHICH IS TO BE CONVERTED IN A FURTHER REACTION STAGE, SAID MIXING BEING ACCOMPLISHED AFTER THE OUTPUT LEAVE A STAGE BUT AHEAD OF ITS ENTRY INTO THE FURTHER REACTION STAGE, D. CONTROLLING THE AMOUNT OF OXYGEN IN THE OXYGEN CARRIER GAS IN THE MIXTURE PROVIDED TO EACH REACTION STAGE AS A FUNCTION OF THE TEMPERATURE IN THAT REACTION STAGE SUCH THAT THE AMOUNT OF OXYGEN IN THE GAS MIXTURE IS INCREASED WITH DECREASING TEMPERATURE, AND E. WHEREIN THE OXYGEN CARRIER GAS MIXED WITH THE VAPORIZED LIQUID FUEL AND CONVERTED IN SAID FIRST CATALYST REACTION STAGE CONSISTING OF A MIXTURE OF THE EXHAUST GAS OF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE AND AIR WITH THE PERCENTAGES OF AIR AND EXHAUST GAS VARYING BETWEEN 0 AND 100% AND WHEREIN THE OXYGEN CARRIER GAS ADMIXED AHEAD OF EACH FURTHER REACTION STAGE IS AIR.

Claim 2

Independent Claim 243 words

A METHOD FOR GENERATING A REFORMED GAS MIXTURE WHICH CONTAINS AS COMBUSTIBLE COMPONENTS ESSENTIALLY CARBON MONOXIDE, AND AT LEAST ONE OF THE GROUP CONSISTING OF HYDROGEN AND METHANE FROM A MIXTURE OF VAPORIZED LIQUID FUEL AND AN OXYGEN CARRIER GAS COMPRISING THE STEPS OF: A. CONVERTING THE MIXTURE IN A FIRST CATALYST REACTION STAGE INTO GAS AND UNCONVERTED FUEL, B. CONVERTING FURTHER AMOUNTS OF THE UNCONVERTED FUEL FROM THE OUTPUT OF SAID FIRST REACTION STAGE IN AT LEAST ONE FURTHER REACTION STAGE IN SERIES WITH SAID FIRST STAGE TO OBTAIN REFORMED GAS, C. MIXING AN OXYGEN CARRIER GAS WITH THE OUTPUT OF EACH REACTION STAGE WHICH IS TO BE CONVERTED IN A FURTHER REACTION STAGE, SAID MIXING BEING ACCOMPLISHED AFTER THE OUTPUT LEAVE A STAGE BUT AHEAD OF ITS ENTRY INTO THE FURTHER REACTION STAGE, D. CONTROLLING THE AMOUNT OF OXYGEN IN THE OXYGEN CARRIER GAS IN THE MIXTURE PROVIDED TO EACH REACTION STAGE AS A FUNCTION OF THE TEMPERATURE IN THAT REACTION STAGE SUCH THAT THE AMOUNT OF OXYGEN IN THE GAS MIXTURE IS INCREASED WITH DECREASING TEMPERATURE, AND E. WHEREIN THE OXYGEN CARRIER GAS MIXED WITH THE VAPORIZED LIQUID FUEL AND CONVERTED IN SAID FIRST CATALYST REACTION STAGE CONSISTING OF A MIXTURE OF THE EXHAUST GAS OF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE AND AIR WITH THE PERCENTAGES OF AIR AND EXHAUST GAS VARYING BETWEEN 0 AND 100% AND WHEREIN THE OXYGEN CARRIER GAS ADMIXED AHEAD OF EACH FURTHER REACTION STAGE IS AIR.

Claim 3

Dependent Claim 5 words

A FURTHER MIXING CHAMBER, AND

Claim 4

Dependent Claim 5 words

A FURTHER MIXING CHAMBER, AND

Claim 5

Dependent Claim 5 words

A FIRST MIXING CHAMBER, AND

Claim 6

Dependent Claim 5 words

A FIRST MIXING CHAMBER, AND

Claim 7

Dependent Claim 19 words

A FIRST CATALYTIC REACTION CHAMBER COUPLED THERETO AND IN FLOW COMMUNICATION THEREWITH, B. AT LEAST ONE FURTHER MEANS COMPRISING:

Claim 8

Dependent Claim 19 words

A FIRST CATALYTIC REACTION CHAMBER COUPLED THERETO AND IN FLOW COMMUNICATION THEREWITH, B. AT LEAST ONE FURTHER MEANS COMPRISING:

Claim 9

Dependent Claim 172 words

a further catalytic reaction chamber; c. the mixing chamber of each further means coupled to the output of the catalytic reaction chamber of a previous means and in flow communication therewith; d. means for vaporizing the liquid fuel; e. means to provide the vaporized fuel to said first mixing chamber; f. first means for providing a mixture of the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine and air with the percentages of air and exhaust gas varying between 0 and 100% to the tubes in said first mixing chamber and similarly for providing air to the tubes in said further mixing chamber; g. means defining an outlet coupled to the output of the furthest reaction chamber and in flow communication therewith; h. thermal sensing means installed in each of said reaction chambers; and i. means responsive to said thermal sensing means to control the supply of the mixture of air and exhaust gas and air respectively to each of said mixing chambers such that the amount supplied is increased with decreasing temperatures.

Claim 10

Dependent Claim 172 words

a further catalytic reaction chamber; c. the mixing chamber of each further means coupled to the output of the catalytic reaction chamber of a previous means and in flow communication therewith; d. means for vaporizing the liquid fuel; e. means to provide the vaporized fuel to said first mixing chamber; f. first means for providing a mixture of the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine and air with the percentages of air and exhaust gas varying between 0 and 100% to the tubes in said first mixing chamber and similarly for providing air to the tubes in said further mixing chamber; g. means defining an outlet coupled to the output of the furthest reaction chamber and in flow communication therewith; h. thermal sensing means installed in each of said reaction chambers; and i. means responsive to said thermal sensing means to control the supply of the mixture of air and exhaust gas and air respectively to each of said mixing chambers such that the amount supplied is increased with decreasing temperatures.

Claim 11

Dependent Claim 19 words

a first catalytic reaction chamber coupled thereto and in flow communication therewith; b. at least one further means comprising:

Claim 12

Dependent Claim 19 words

a first catalytic reaction chamber coupled thereto and in flow communication therewith; b. at least one further means comprising:

Claim 13

Dependent Claim 165 words

a further catalytic reaction chamber; c. the mixing chamber of eacH further means coupled to the output of the catalytic reaction chamber of a previous means and in flow communication therewith; d. means for vaporizing the liquid fuel; e. means to provide the vaporized fuel to said first mixing chamber; f. first means for providing a mixture of the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine and air with the percentages of air and exhaust gas varying between 0 and 100% to said first mixing chamber and second means for providing air to said further mixing chamber; g. means defining an outlet coupled to the output of the furthest reaction chambers and in flow communication therewith; h. thermal sensing means installed in each of said reaction chambers; and i. means responsive to said thermal sensing means to control the supply of the mixture of exhaust gas and air respectively to each of said mixing chambers such that the amount supplied is increased with decreasing temperatures.

Claim 14

Dependent Claim 165 words

a further catalytic reaction chamber; c. the mixing chamber of eacH further means coupled to the output of the catalytic reaction chamber of a previous means and in flow communication therewith; d. means for vaporizing the liquid fuel; e. means to provide the vaporized fuel to said first mixing chamber; f. first means for providing a mixture of the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine and air with the percentages of air and exhaust gas varying between 0 and 100% to said first mixing chamber and second means for providing air to said further mixing chamber; g. means defining an outlet coupled to the output of the furthest reaction chambers and in flow communication therewith; h. thermal sensing means installed in each of said reaction chambers; and i. means responsive to said thermal sensing means to control the supply of the mixture of exhaust gas and air respectively to each of said mixing chambers such that the amount supplied is increased with decreasing temperatures.

Claim 15

Dependent Claim 19 words

a first catalytic reaction chamber coupled thereto and in flow communication therewith; b. at least one further means comprising:

Claim 16

Dependent Claim 19 words

a first catalytic reaction chamber coupled thereto and in flow communication therewith; b. at least one further means comprising:

Claim 17

Dependent Claim 53 words

The method according to claim 1 wherein the non-reacted fuel in said first stage reaction output is converted in a second reaction stage in series with said first stage and the non-reacted fuel in said second reaction stage output converted in a third reaction stage in series with said first and second stages.

Claim 18

Dependent Claim 165 words

A FURTHER CATALYTIC REACTION CHAMBER, C. THE MIXING CHAMBER OF EACH FURTHER MEANS COUPLED TO THE OUTPUT OF THE CATALYTIC REACTION CHAMBER OF A PREVIOUS MEANS AND IN FLOW COMMUNICATION THEREWITH, D. MEANS FOR VAPORIZING THE LIQUID FUEL, E. MEANS TO PROVIDE THE VAPORIZED FUEL TO SAID FIRST MIXING CHAMBER, F. FIRST MEANS FOR PROVIDING A MIXTURE OF THE EXHAUST GAS OF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE AND AIR WITH THE PERCENTAGES OF AIR AND EXHAUST GAS VARYING BETWEEN 0 AND 100% TO SAID FIRST MIXING CHAMBER AND SECOND MEANS FOR PROVIDING AIR TO SAID FURTHER MIXING CHAMBER, G. MEANS DEFINING AN OUTLET COUPLED TO THE OUTPUT OF THE FURTHEST REACTION CHAMBERS AND IN FLOW COMMUNICATION THEREWITH, H. THERMAL SENSING MEANS INSTALLED IN EACH OF SAID REACTION CHAMBERS, AND I. MEANS RESPONSIVE TO SAID THERMAL SENSING MEANS TO CONTROL THE SUPPLY OF THE MIXTURE OF EXHAUST GAS AND AIR RESPECTIVELY TO EACH OF SAID MIXING CHAMBERS SUCH THAT THE AMOUNT SUPPLIED IS INCREASED WITH DECREASING TEMPERATURES.

Claim 19

Dependent Claim 165 words

A FURTHER CATALYTIC REACTION CHAMBER, C. THE MIXING CHAMBER OF EACH FURTHER MEANS COUPLED TO THE OUTPUT OF THE CATALYTIC REACTION CHAMBER OF A PREVIOUS MEANS AND IN FLOW COMMUNICATION THEREWITH, D. MEANS FOR VAPORIZING THE LIQUID FUEL, E. MEANS TO PROVIDE THE VAPORIZED FUEL TO SAID FIRST MIXING CHAMBER, F. FIRST MEANS FOR PROVIDING A MIXTURE OF THE EXHAUST GAS OF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE AND AIR WITH THE PERCENTAGES OF AIR AND EXHAUST GAS VARYING BETWEEN 0 AND 100% TO SAID FIRST MIXING CHAMBER AND SECOND MEANS FOR PROVIDING AIR TO SAID FURTHER MIXING CHAMBER, G. MEANS DEFINING AN OUTLET COUPLED TO THE OUTPUT OF THE FURTHEST REACTION CHAMBERS AND IN FLOW COMMUNICATION THEREWITH, H. THERMAL SENSING MEANS INSTALLED IN EACH OF SAID REACTION CHAMBERS, AND I. MEANS RESPONSIVE TO SAID THERMAL SENSING MEANS TO CONTROL THE SUPPLY OF THE MIXTURE OF EXHAUST GAS AND AIR RESPECTIVELY TO EACH OF SAID MIXING CHAMBERS SUCH THAT THE AMOUNT SUPPLIED IS INCREASED WITH DECREASING TEMPERATURES.

Claim 20

Dependent Claim 26 words

The method according to claim 1 wherein the oxygen carrier gas is mixed with said outputs immediately ahead of their entry into a further reaction stage.

Claim 21

Dependent Claim 23 words

The method according to claim 1 and further including the step of adding additional fuel to the output of the last reaction stage.

Claim 22

Dependent Claim 22 words

The method according to claim 1 and further including the step of supplying heat to the respective mixtures entering each reaction stage.

Claim 23

Dependent Claim 45 words

APPARATUS FOR CATALYTICALLY CONVERTING A MIXTURE OF A VAPORIZED LIQUID FUEL AND AN OXYGEN CARRIER GAS INTO A REFORMED GAS WHICH CONTAINS AS COMBUSTIBLE COMPONENTS ESSENTIALLY CARBON MONOXIDE, AND AT LEAST ONE OF THE GROUP CONSISTING OF HYDROGEN AND METHANE COMPRISING: A. FIRST MEANS COMPRISING:

Claim 24

Dependent Claim 45 words

APPARATUS FOR CATALYTICALLY CONVERTING A MIXTURE OF A VAPORIZED LIQUID FUEL AND AN OXYGEN CARRIER GAS INTO A REFORMED GAS WHICH CONTAINS AS COMBUSTIBLE COMPONENTS ESSENTIALLY CARBON MONOXIDE, AND AT LEAST ONE OF THE GROUP CONSISTING OF HYDROGEN AND METHANE COMPRISING: A. FIRST MEANS COMPRISING:

Claim 25

Dependent Claim 23 words

The invention according to claim 6 and further including a heat exchanger through which the fuel passes before entering the first mixing chamber.

Claim 26

Dependent Claim 21 words

The invention according to claim 6 and further including an ignition device in one of said first and further mixing chambers.

Claim 27

Dependent Claim 31 words

The invention according to claim 6 wherein each of said mixing chambers contains therein a plurality of tubes having discharge openings distributed over the cross-section of the flow through the chamber.

Claim 28

Dependent Claim 25 words

The invention according to claim 6 and further including means to add additional liquid fuel to the output of the last of said further units.

Claim 29

Dependent Claim 20 words

The invention according to claim 6 wherein each reaction chamber comprises at least one catalytic carrier provided with a catalyst.

Claim 30

Dependent Claim 25 words

The invention according to claim 11 wherein said catalytic carriers comprise porous sintered blocks having a large plurality of essentially parallel passage canals formed therein.

Claim 31

Dependent Claim 29 words

The invention according to claim 6 and further including means to heat the mixture of air and exhaust gas and air respectively entering said first and further mixing chambers.

Claim 32

Dependent Claim 45 words

Apparatus for catalytically converting a mixture of a vaporized liquid fuel and an oxygen carrier gas into a reformed gas which contains as combustible components essentially carbon monoxide, and at least one of the group consisting of hydrogen and methane comprising: a. first means comprising:

Claim 33

Dependent Claim 45 words

Apparatus for catalytically converting a mixture of a vaporized liquid fuel and an oxygen carrier gas into a reformed gas which contains as combustible components essentially carbon monoxide, and at least one of the group consisting of hydrogen and methane comprising: a. first means comprising:

Annuity Stage	Window Opens	Payment Deadline	Surcharge Period Until	Estimated Fee	Status
3.5 Years (Year 4)	1978-07-28	1979-01-27	1979-07-29	$2000.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
7.5 Years (Year 8)	1982-07-28	1983-01-27	1983-07-29	$3760.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
11.5 Years (Year 12)	1986-07-28	1987-01-27	1987-07-29	$7700.00	Window Closed / Lapsed

Method and apparatus for generating a gas mixture to be formed through catalytic conversion of fuel and a gas serving as an oxygen carrier

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