US3880945A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Paraffin isomerization in supercritical fluids
Assignee: ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Co
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Filing: 1973-07-18
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Granted: 1975-04-29
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Expires: 1993-07-18
Abstract
Abstract A paraffin of 4-12 carbon atoms is isomerized with a Lewis acid catalyst and solvent comprising, for example, carbon dioxide, hydrogen chloride or hydrogen bromide at a temperature above the critical temperature of the mixture of said hydrocarbon and solvent, under pressure sufficient to impart a density of at least about one-tenth that of pure solvent (liquid), saturated at 20*C. The pressure is in the range of 1,000 to 5,000 psig. In a preferred embodiment, normal paraffins containing from 4 to 12 carbons are isomerized with an aluminum bromide catalyst in the presence of carbon dioxide at a temperature above the critical temperature of the mixture and a pressure sufficient to impart a density of at least one-tenth that of pure CO2 liquid saturated with vapor at 20*C.
Inventors
- 👤 George M Kramer
- 👤 Frederic Leder
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-05 01:34
CPC Classifications
C; C07; C07C; C07C5/00; C07C5/22; C07C5/27; C07C5/2702; C07C5/271; C07C5/2718; Y; Y02; Y02P; Y02P20/00; Y02P20/50; Y02P20/54
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 17
Claim 1
Independent Claim
101 words
AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR ISOMERIZING HYDROCARBONS COMPRISING A PARAFFIN CONTAINING FROM FOUR TO 12 CARBON ATOMS, SAID PROCESS COMPRISES SUBJECTING SAID PARAFFIN TO THE ACTION OF A LEWIS ACID CATALYST AND A SOLVENT SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF CO2, HBR AND HCL AT A TEMPERATURE ABOVE THE CRITICAL TEMPERATURE OF THE MIXTURE OF SAID PARAFFIN AND SAID SOLVENT, SAID TEMPERATURE BEING IN THE RANGE OF 0* TO 180*C, AND AT A PRESSURE SUFFICIENT TO IMPART TO SAID MIXTURE A DENSITY OF AT LEAST ONE-TENTH THAT OF SAID SOLVENT LIQUID, SATURATED AT 20*C, SAID PRESSURE RANGING FROM 1,000 TO 5,000 PSIG.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
101 words
AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR ISOMERIZING HYDROCARBONS COMPRISING A PARAFFIN CONTAINING FROM FOUR TO 12 CARBON ATOMS, SAID PROCESS COMPRISES SUBJECTING SAID PARAFFIN TO THE ACTION OF A LEWIS ACID CATALYST AND A SOLVENT SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF CO2, HBR AND HCL AT A TEMPERATURE ABOVE THE CRITICAL TEMPERATURE OF THE MIXTURE OF SAID PARAFFIN AND SAID SOLVENT, SAID TEMPERATURE BEING IN THE RANGE OF 0* TO 180*C, AND AT A PRESSURE SUFFICIENT TO IMPART TO SAID MIXTURE A DENSITY OF AT LEAST ONE-TENTH THAT OF SAID SOLVENT LIQUID, SATURATED AT 20*C, SAID PRESSURE RANGING FROM 1,000 TO 5,000 PSIG.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
34 words
The process of claim 1 wherein said Lewis acid catalyst is selected from the group consisting of aluminum bromide, aluminum chloride, gallium trichloride, gallium tribromide, antimony pentafluoride, tantalum pentafluoride, niobium pentafluoride and boron trifluoride.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
37 words
THE PROCESS OF CLAIM 2 WHEREIN SAID LEWIS ACID CATALYST FURTHER COMPRISES A PROMOTER SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF WATER, HYDROGEN BROMIDE, HYDROGEN CHLORIDE, AND HYDROGEN FLUORIDE OR MIXTURES THEREOF AND WHEREIN SAID SOLVENT IS CO2.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
13 words
The process of claim 2 wherein said Lewis acid catalyst is aluminum bromide.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
34 words
The process of claim 4 wherein a promoter is utilized with said aluminum bromide catalyst, said promoter being selected from the group consisting of water and hydrogen bromide and wherein said solvent is CO2.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
22 words
The process of claim 2 wherein said Lewis acid catalyst has a molar concentration ranging from .01 to 10% of said mixture.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
20 words
The process of claim 2 wherein said paraffin has a molar concentration ranging from 0.1 to 50% of said mixture.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
11 words
The process of claim 2 wherein said mixture further includes hydrogen.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
18 words
The process of claim 8 wherein said hydrogen comprises from 0.1 to 10 mole percent of said mixture.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
13 words
The process of claim 1 wherein said temperature ranges between 15* and 90*C.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
13 words
The process of claim 1, wherein said temperature ranges between 25* and 80*C.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
14 words
The process of claim 1 wherein said pressure ranges between 1,000 and 2,500 psig.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
10 words
The process of claim 1 wherein said hydrocarbon comprises hexane.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
34 words
The process of claim 1 wherein said hydrocarbon-solvent mixture is further characterized by being a supercritical fluid mixture under said conditions of temperature and pressure and wherein said Lewis acid catalyst is essentially insoluble.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
34 words
The process of claim 1 wherein said hydrocarbon-solvent mixture is further characterized by being a supercritical fluid mixture under said conditions of temperature and pressure and wherein said Lewis acid catalyst is essentially soluble.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
27 words
The process of claim 1 wherein said hydrocarbon comprises 0.1 to 50 mole percent of said mixture and wherein said solvent comprises the remainder of said mixture.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1978-04-28 | 1978-10-28 | 1979-04-29 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1982-04-28 | 1982-10-28 | 1983-04-29 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1986-04-28 | 1986-10-28 | 1987-04-29 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |