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Patent US3870805A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US3870805A
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Process for preparing texturized protein compositions and the resulting product
Assignee: Central Soya Co Inc
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Filing: 1970-11-04
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Granted: 1975-03-11
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Expires: 1990-11-04
Abstract
Abstract Texturized protein compositions of improved textural and organoleptic properties are prepared by longitudinally rupturing the structure of hydrated, water-insoluble protein pieces. Dry expanded extrudates prepared from defatted soybean meals are a suitable source material in providing the texturized protein compositions. By shredding the hydrated extrudate into plurality of fiberous masses and removing the water-solubles, bland tasting fiberous masses having improved meat-like properties over conventional spun filament protein products and hydrated extrudates are obtained.
Inventors
- 👤 Lester P Hayes
- 👤 John W Robinson
- 👤 Ross P Simms
- 👤 Millard E Russell
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-29 16:12
CPC Classifications
A; A23; A23J; A23J3/00; A23J3/22; A23J3/26; A23J3/225; A23J3/227; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S426/00; Y10S426/802
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 27
Claim 1
Independent Claim
171 words
A METHOD OF PREPARING SHREDDED PROTEIN PRODUCTS POSSESSING AN IMPROVED MEAT-LIKE TEXTURE FROM HYDRATED PROTEIN EXTRUDATES, SAID METHOD COMPRISING THE STEPS OF: A. PROVIDING A PLURALITY OF HYDRATED EXTRUDATE PIECES, CHARACTERIZED AS CONTAINING ON A SOLID WEIGHT BASIS A MINOR AMOUNT OF WATER-SOLUBLE CARBOHYDRATES AND PROTEIN AS A PRINCIPAL CONSTITUENT, SAID EXTRUDATES BEING FURTHER CHARACTERIZED AS INDIVIDUALLY COMPRISING A CELLULAR, RETICULATED STRUCTURE OF A MULTIPLICITY OF FIBERS BONDED TO ONE ANOTHER, SAID FIBERS BEING ENSHROUDED BY A MATRIX OF WATER SOLUBLE CONSTITUENTS WITH A PLURALITY OF PORES AND CHANNELS COMMUNICATING WITHIN SAID MATRIX, THE PORES AND CHANNELS BEING ORIENTED PREDOMINANTLY IN JUXTAPOSITION TO THE FIBERS AND SEPARATED FROM ONE ANOTHER BY CELLULAR WALLS COMPRISED OF SAID FIBERS AND SAID MATRIX OF WATER-SOLUBLE CONSTITUENTS, AND B. SUBJECTING THE HYDRATED EXTRUDATE PIECES TO A SHREDDING FORCE SUFFICIENT TO RUPTURE AND SPLIT THE HYDRATED EXTRUDATE PIECES PREDOMINANTLY ALONG THE LONGITUDINAL AXIS OF SAID HYDRATED EXTRUDATE PIECES AND THEREBY PROVIDE A PLURALITY OF FRAGMENTS OF A SUBSTANTIALLY LESSER CROSSSECTIONAL DIAMETER THAN THE HYDRATED EXTRUDATE PIECES.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
171 words
A METHOD OF PREPARING SHREDDED PROTEIN PRODUCTS POSSESSING AN IMPROVED MEAT-LIKE TEXTURE FROM HYDRATED PROTEIN EXTRUDATES, SAID METHOD COMPRISING THE STEPS OF: A. PROVIDING A PLURALITY OF HYDRATED EXTRUDATE PIECES, CHARACTERIZED AS CONTAINING ON A SOLID WEIGHT BASIS A MINOR AMOUNT OF WATER-SOLUBLE CARBOHYDRATES AND PROTEIN AS A PRINCIPAL CONSTITUENT, SAID EXTRUDATES BEING FURTHER CHARACTERIZED AS INDIVIDUALLY COMPRISING A CELLULAR, RETICULATED STRUCTURE OF A MULTIPLICITY OF FIBERS BONDED TO ONE ANOTHER, SAID FIBERS BEING ENSHROUDED BY A MATRIX OF WATER SOLUBLE CONSTITUENTS WITH A PLURALITY OF PORES AND CHANNELS COMMUNICATING WITHIN SAID MATRIX, THE PORES AND CHANNELS BEING ORIENTED PREDOMINANTLY IN JUXTAPOSITION TO THE FIBERS AND SEPARATED FROM ONE ANOTHER BY CELLULAR WALLS COMPRISED OF SAID FIBERS AND SAID MATRIX OF WATER-SOLUBLE CONSTITUENTS, AND B. SUBJECTING THE HYDRATED EXTRUDATE PIECES TO A SHREDDING FORCE SUFFICIENT TO RUPTURE AND SPLIT THE HYDRATED EXTRUDATE PIECES PREDOMINANTLY ALONG THE LONGITUDINAL AXIS OF SAID HYDRATED EXTRUDATE PIECES AND THEREBY PROVIDE A PLURALITY OF FRAGMENTS OF A SUBSTANTIALLY LESSER CROSSSECTIONAL DIAMETER THAN THE HYDRATED EXTRUDATE PIECES.
Claim 3
Independent Claim
171 words
A method of preparing shredded protein products possessing an improved meat-like texture from hydrated protein extrudates, said method comprising the steps of: a. providing a plurality of hydrated extrudate pieces, characterized as containing on a solid weight basis a minor amount of water-soluble carbohydrates and protein as a principal constituent, said extrudates being further characterized as individually comprising a cellular, reticulated structure of a multiplicity of fibers bonded to one another, said fibers being enshrouded by a matrix of water soluble constituents with a plurality of pores and channels communicating within said matrix, the pores and channels being oriented predominantly in juxtaposition to the fibers and separated from one another by cellular walls comprised of said fibers and said matrix of water-soluble constituents, and b. subjecting the hydrated extrudate pieces to a shredding force sufficient to rupture and split the hydrated extrudate pieces predominantly along the longitudinal axis of said hydrated extrudate pieces and thereby provide a plurality of fragments of a substantially lesser cross-sectional diameter than the hydrated extrudate pieces.
Claim 4
Independent Claim
171 words
A method of preparing shredded protein products possessing an improved meat-like texture from hydrated protein extrudates, said method comprising the steps of: a. providing a plurality of hydrated extrudate pieces, characterized as containing on a solid weight basis a minor amount of water-soluble carbohydrates and protein as a principal constituent, said extrudates being further characterized as individually comprising a cellular, reticulated structure of a multiplicity of fibers bonded to one another, said fibers being enshrouded by a matrix of water soluble constituents with a plurality of pores and channels communicating within said matrix, the pores and channels being oriented predominantly in juxtaposition to the fibers and separated from one another by cellular walls comprised of said fibers and said matrix of water-soluble constituents, and b. subjecting the hydrated extrudate pieces to a shredding force sufficient to rupture and split the hydrated extrudate pieces predominantly along the longitudinal axis of said hydrated extrudate pieces and thereby provide a plurality of fragments of a substantially lesser cross-sectional diameter than the hydrated extrudate pieces.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method according to claim 1 wherein the shredded protein product is substantially free from water-soluble constituents.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
73 words
The method according to claim 1 wherein a sufficient amount of water-soluble constituents from the enshrouding matrix have been extracted to provide a shredded protein product having a protein content on a solids weight basis of at least 70% and the extraction of water-solubles is effectuated by the utilization of at least two extraction mediums with at least one subsequent extraction medium containing a lesser amount of water-solubles than a prior extraction medium.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method according to claim 3 wherein the extrudates are prepared from defatted soybean flours.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
59 words
The method according to claim 1 wherein a sufficient amount of water-soluble constituents have been extracted to provide a shredded protein product having at least 70% by weight protein solids and the extraction of water-solubles is facilitated by the application of intermittent stress of sufficient force to expel solubilized water-solubles from the porous interstices of the hydrated extrudate pieces.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method according to claim 5 wherein the extrudates are prepared from defatted soybean flours.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
60 words
The method according to claim 1 wherein a sufficient amount of water-soluble constituents have been extracted to provide a shredded protein product having from about 70% to about 85% protein on a solids weight basis and the extraction of water-solubles is accomplished by multistage extraction steps employing solvent mediums in subsequent stages which progressively contain a lesser amount of water-solubles.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
57 words
The method according to claim 7 wherein after each extraction stage the solids obtained therefrom are subjected to intermittent stress of sufficient force to facilitate the expelling of substantially all of the solubilized water-solubles from the porous interstices of the solids and the hydrated extrudate pieces have a solids composition consisting essentially of a heat-denatured soybean flour.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method according to claim 7 wherein the extrudates are prepared from defatted soybean flours.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
69 words
The method according to claim 1 wherein the shredding force is conducted under conditions whereby on a solids weight basis substantially all of the resultant fragments are longitudinally split into fragments having a longitudinal length substantially greater than their cross-sectional diameter and the hydrated pieces have a solids composition consisting essentially of heat-denatured vegetable seed flour having a residual lipid content of about 0.5 to about 5% by weight.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
159 words
The method according to claim 1 wherein the shredding thereof is sufficient to provide a mulitplicity of discrete randomly shaped fibers individually characterized as having: a. an average fiber length substantially greater than its average cross-sectional diameter as measured in a plane normal to the longitudinal axis of the fiber, b. a reticulated structure of a multiplicity of fibrils with the predominate orientation of the fibrils being parallel to the length of fibers, c. a substantial proportion of the fibrils lateral to the longitudinal axis of the fiber being ruptured as evidenced by a substantially lesser tensile strength to tensile forces applied normal to the length of the fiber as opposed to tensile forces applied parallel to the fiber length, d. a non-uniform, cross-sectional shape lateral to the longitudinal axis of the fiber, e. an irregular fiber surface with a plurality of ridges and depressions, and f. a plurality of appendages branching from the central portion of the fiber.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method according to claim 11 wherein the extrudates are prepared from vegetable seed flour obtained by the solvent extraction of oils from vegetable seeds.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
35 words
The process according to claim 12 wherein on a solids basis the hydrated pieces are prepared from extrudates containing from about 40 to about 65% protein and from about 5% to about 20% water-soluble constituents.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method according to claim 13 wherein the extrudates are prepared from defatted soybean flours.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
29 words
The method according to claim 14 wherein a sufficient amount of water-solubles have been extracted and removed to provide a shredded product having at least 70% protein product solids.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
16 words
The process according to claim 11 wherein the shredded fibers are substantially free from water-soluble constituents.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
61 words
The method according to claim 1 wherein the hydrated extrudate pieces are characterized as having a structure consisting essentially of a plurality of distinct helicoid laminates predominantly aligned along the longitudinal axis of the extrudate, said laminates being separated by a plurality of reticulated pores and channels juxtaposed and oriented predominantly parallel to the planer surface of the helicoid laminates therein.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
35 words
The method according to claim 17 wherein the water-soluble constituents are extracted in an amount sufficient to provide a shredded protein product having a protein content on a solids weight basis of at least 60%.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
43 words
The method according to claim 17 wherein the extrudates have a solids composition consisting essentially of a heat-denatured, defatted soybean flour and the protein content of the texturized protein composition comprises from about 70 to about 85% of the total dry weight thereof.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method according to claim 19 wherein the shredded protein product is substantially free from water-soluble constituents.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
47 words
The shredded protein product prepared by the process of claim 11 wherein the protein of the fibers consists essentially of soya protein and a major portion of the fibers on a solids weight basis have a fiber length ranging from about 0.5 millimeters to about 300 millimeters.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
54 words
The shredded protein product prepared by the process of claim 5 wherein a major portion of the fibers on a solids weight basis have a fiber length ranging from about 1 millimeter to about 100 millimeters and the fiber contains on a solids weight basis from about 70% To about 85% heat denatured protein.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
36 words
The shredded protein product prepared by the process of claim 16 wherein a major portion of the fibers on a solids weight basis have a fiber length ranging from about 3 millimeters to about 25 millimeters.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
13 words
The shredded protein product prepared in accordance with the process of claim 1.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1978-03-10 | 1978-09-09 | 1979-03-11 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1982-03-10 | 1982-09-09 | 1983-03-11 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1986-03-10 | 1986-09-09 | 1987-03-11 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |