Patent US3852175A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US3852175A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Electrodes having silicon base members
Assignee: PPG Industries Inc
•
Filing: 1973-02-27
•
Granted: 1974-12-03
•
Expires: 1993-02-27
Abstract
Abstract An electrode is disclosed having an electroconductive surface on an electroconductive silicon substrate. Also disclosed is an electrolytic cell containing an anode having an electroconductive surface on an electroconductive silicon substrate and an electrolytic process for the electrolysis of brines utilizing such an anode.
Inventors
- 👤 H Hoekje
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-25 20:39
CPC Classifications
C; C25; C25B; C25B9/00; C25B11/00; C25B11/04; C25B11/051; C25B11/055; C25B11/069
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 99
Claim 1
Independent Claim
51 words
AN ELECTRODE HAVING AN ELECTROCONDUCTIVE SURFACE ON A METALLIC BASE COMPRISING AT LEAST 50 WEIGHT PERCENT SILICON, WHICH BASE CONTAINS A DOPANT CHOSEN FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF PHOSPHOROUS, ARSENIC, ANTIMONY, BISMUTH, BORON, ALUMINUM, AND GALLIUM IN AN AMOUNT SUFFICIENT TO PROVIDE SAID BASE WITH AN ELECTROCONDUCTIVITY GREATER THAN 100 (OHMCENTIMETERS)-1.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
51 words
AN ELECTRODE HAVING AN ELECTROCONDUCTIVE SURFACE ON A METALLIC BASE COMPRISING AT LEAST 50 WEIGHT PERCENT SILICON, WHICH BASE CONTAINS A DOPANT CHOSEN FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF PHOSPHOROUS, ARSENIC, ANTIMONY, BISMUTH, BORON, ALUMINUM, AND GALLIUM IN AN AMOUNT SUFFICIENT TO PROVIDE SAID BASE WITH AN ELECTROCONDUCTIVITY GREATER THAN 100 (OHMCENTIMETERS)-1.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
33 words
The electrode of claim 1 wherein the electroconductive surface has a chlorine overvoltage in aqueous alkali metal chloride which is below 0.25 volt at a current density of 200 Amperes per square foot.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
13 words
The electrode of Claim 2 wherein the electroconductive surface comprises an electrocatalytic material.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
14 words
The electrode of claim 3 wherein the electroconductive surface comprises a platinum group metal.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
18 words
The electrode of claim 3 wherein the electroconduCtive surface comprises an oxygen-containing compound of a platinum group metal.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
19 words
The electrode of claim 1 wherein at least part of the silicon is in the form of an alloy.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
16 words
The electrode of claim 6 wherein the metallic base comprises at least 85 weight percent silicon.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
17 words
The electrode of claim 6 wherein the metallic base comprises at least 10 weight percent elemental silicon.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
37 words
The electrode of claim 6 wherein at least part of the silicon is present as an alloy with materials shown from the group consisting of aluminum. gallium, iron, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum, chromium, manganese, rion, tungsten, and vanadium.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
20 words
The electrode of claim 1 wherein the base contains from about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent of the dopant.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
41 words
An electrode having an electroconductive surface on a metallic base comprising at least 50 weight percent silicon, which base contains from 0.1 to 5 weight percent of a dopant to provide said base with an electroconductivity greater than 100 (ohm-centimeters) 1.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
41 words
An electrode having an electroconductive surface on a metallic base comprising at least 50 weight percent silicon, which base contains from 0.1 to 5 weight percent of a dopant to provide said base with an electroconductivity greater than 100 (ohm-centimeters) 1.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
19 words
The electrode of claim 11 wherein at least part of the silicon is in the form of an alloy.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
14 words
The electrode of claim 12 wherein the metallic base comprises 50 weight percent silicon.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
15 words
The electrode of claim 12 wherein the metallic base comprises 10 weight percent elemental silicon.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
37 words
The electrode of claim 12 wherein at least part of the silicon is present as an alloy with materials chosen from the group consisting of aluminum, gallium, iron, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum, chromium, manganese, iron, tungsten, and vanadium.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
33 words
The method of claim 11 wherein the electroconductive surface has a chlorine overvoltage in aqueous alkali metal chloride which is below 0.25 volt at a current density of 200 Amperes per square foot.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
13 words
The electrode of claim 16 wherein the electroconductive surface comprises an electrocatalytic material.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
14 words
The electrode of claim 16 wherein the electroconductive surface comprises a platinum group metal.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
18 words
The electrode of claim 16 wherein the electroconductive surface comprises an oxygen-containing compound of a platinum group metal.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
23 words
The electrode of claim 11 wherein the dopant is chosen from the group consisting of boron, aluminum, gallium, phosphorous, arsenic, antimony, and bismuth.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
80 words
An electrode comprising: A. a metallic silicon base comprising at least 50 weight percent silicon, which base contains a dopant chosen from the group consisting of phosphorous, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, boron, aluminum, and gallium in an amount sufficient to provide said base with an electroconductivity greater than 100 (ohm-centimeters) 1; and B. an electroconductive surface thereon which has a chlorine overvoltage in aqueous sodium chloride of less than 0.25 volt at a current density of 200 Amperes per square foot.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
80 words
An electrode comprising: A. a metallic silicon base comprising at least 50 weight percent silicon, which base contains a dopant chosen from the group consisting of phosphorous, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, boron, aluminum, and gallium in an amount sufficient to provide said base with an electroconductivity greater than 100 (ohm-centimeters) 1; and B. an electroconductive surface thereon which has a chlorine overvoltage in aqueous sodium chloride of less than 0.25 volt at a current density of 200 Amperes per square foot.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
19 words
The electrode of claim 21 wherein at least part of the silicon is in the form of an alloy.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
17 words
The electrode of claim 22 wherein the metallic silicon base comprises at least 85 weight percent silicon.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
18 words
The electrode of claim 22 wherein the metallic silicon base comprises at least 10 weight percent elemental silicon.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
37 words
The electrode of claim 22 wherein at least part of the silicon is present as an alloy with materials chosen from the group consisting of aluminum, gallium, iron, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum, chromium, manganese, iron, tungsten, and vanadium.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
20 words
The electrode of claim 21 wherein the base contains from about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent of the dopant.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
18 words
The electrode of claim 21 wherein the electroconductive surface comprises an oxygen-containing compound of a platinum group metal.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
17 words
The electrode of claim 21 wherein the electroconductive surface comprises a conductive material and a nonconductive material.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
69 words
An electrode comprisIng: A. a metallic base comprising at least 50 weight percent silicon, which base contains from 0.1 to 5 percent by weight of a dopant to provide said base with an electroconductivity greater than 100 (ohm-centimeters) 1; and B. an electroconductive surface thereon which has a chlorine overvoltage in aqueous sodium chloride of less than 0.25 volt at a current density of 200 Amperes per square foot.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
69 words
An electrode comprisIng: A. a metallic base comprising at least 50 weight percent silicon, which base contains from 0.1 to 5 percent by weight of a dopant to provide said base with an electroconductivity greater than 100 (ohm-centimeters) 1; and B. an electroconductive surface thereon which has a chlorine overvoltage in aqueous sodium chloride of less than 0.25 volt at a current density of 200 Amperes per square foot.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
19 words
The electrode of claim 29 wherein at least part of the silicon is in the form of an alloy.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
16 words
The electrode of claim 30 wherein the metallic base comprises at least 85 weight percent silicon.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
37 words
The electrode of claim 30 wherein at least part of the silicon is present as an alloy with materials chosen from the group consisting of aluminum, gallium, iron, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum, chromium, manganese, iron, tungsten, and vanadium.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
23 words
The electrode of claim 29 wherein the dopant is chosen from the group consisting of boron, aluminum, gallium, phosphorous, arsenic, antimony, and bismuth.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
17 words
The electrode of claim 29 wherein the metallic base comprises at least 10 weight percent elemental silicon.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
14 words
The electrode of claim 29 wherein the electroconductive surface comprises a platinum group metal.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
18 words
The electrode of claim 29 wherein the electroconductive surface comprises an oxygen-containing compound of a platinum group metal.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
50 words
An electrode comprising: A. a metallic base having an electroconductivity greater than 100 (ohm-centimeters) 1 and comprising 50 weight percent silicon and at least 0.01 weight percent of a dopant chosen from the group consisting of phosphorous, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, boron, aluminum, and gallium; and B. an electroconductive surface thereon.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
50 words
An electrode comprising: A. a metallic base having an electroconductivity greater than 100 (ohm-centimeters) 1 and comprising 50 weight percent silicon and at least 0.01 weight percent of a dopant chosen from the group consisting of phosphorous, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, boron, aluminum, and gallium; and B. an electroconductive surface thereon.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
19 words
The electrode of claim 37 wherein at least part of the silicon is in the form of an alloy.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
15 words
The electrode of claim 38 wherein some of the silicon is present as a silicide.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
30 words
The electrode of claim 39 wherein the silicides are chosen from the group consisting of titanium silicide, zirconium silicide, niobium silicide, tantalum silicide, chromium silicide, molybdenum silicide, and tungsten silicide.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
14 words
The electrode of claim 38 wherein the metallic base comprises 50 weight percent silicon.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
15 words
The electrode of claim 38 wherein the metallic base comprises 10 weight percent elemental silicon.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
37 words
The electrode of claim 38 wherein at least part of the silicon is present as an alloy with materials chosen from the group consisting of aluminum, gallium, iron, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum, chromium, manganese, iron, tungsten, and vanadium.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
33 words
The electrode of claim 37 wherein the electroconductive surface has a chlorine overvoltage in aqueous alkali metal chloride which is below 0.25 volt at a current density of 200 Amperes per square foot.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
13 words
The electrode of claim 44 wherein the electroconductive surface comprises an electrocatalytic material.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
14 words
The electrode of claim 44 wherein the electroconductive surface comprises a platinum group metal.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
18 words
The electrode of claim 44 wherein the electroconductive surface comprises an oxygen-containing compound of a platinum group metal.
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
17 words
The electrode of claim 44 wherein the electroconductive surface comprises a conductive material and a nonconductive material.
Claim 54
Dependent Claim
11 words
The electrode of claim 48 wherein the nonconductive material is SiO2.
Claim 55
Dependent Claim
12 words
The electrode of claim 37 wherein the metallic base is hot rolled.
Claim 56
Dependent Claim
13 words
The electrode of claim 37 wherein the metallic base contains internal reinforcing means.
Claim 57
Dependent Claim
29 words
The electrode of claim 37 wherein the electrode comprises an electroconductive metallic substrate; an electrolyte impermeable silicon layer on said substrate; and an electroconductive surface on said silicon layer.
Claim 58
Dependent Claim
81 words
An anode useful for the electrolysis of brines comprising: AN electroconductive, electrolyte impermeable silicon substrate comprising 50 weight percent elemental silicon, having dispersed therethrough more than 10 parts per million of a dopant, and having an electrical conductivity of greater than 102 (ohm-centimeters) 1; and an electroconductive coating thereon having a chlorine overvoltage less than 0.25 volt at 200 Amperes per square foot, chosen from the group consisting of the platinum group metals and oxygen-containing compounds of the platinum group metals.
Claim 59
Dependent Claim
81 words
An anode useful for the electrolysis of brines comprising: AN electroconductive, electrolyte impermeable silicon substrate comprising 50 weight percent elemental silicon, having dispersed therethrough more than 10 parts per million of a dopant, and having an electrical conductivity of greater than 102 (ohm-centimeters) 1; and an electroconductive coating thereon having a chlorine overvoltage less than 0.25 volt at 200 Amperes per square foot, chosen from the group consisting of the platinum group metals and oxygen-containing compounds of the platinum group metals.
Claim 60
Dependent Claim
91 words
In an electrolytic cell which comprises means for feeding brine to the electrolytic cell, an anode, a cathode, and means for externally imposing an electromotive force between said anode and said cathode of said cell whereby an electrical current is caused to flow from said anode to said cathode, the improvement wherein said anode comprises: an electrolyte impermeable, electrolyte resistant metallic base having an electroconductivity greater than 102 (ohm-centimeters) 1 and comprising a 50 weight percent silicon and at least 0.01 weight percent of a dopant; and an electroconductive surface thereon.
Claim 61
Dependent Claim
91 words
In an electrolytic cell which comprises means for feeding brine to the electrolytic cell, an anode, a cathode, and means for externally imposing an electromotive force between said anode and said cathode of said cell whereby an electrical current is caused to flow from said anode to said cathode, the improvement wherein said anode comprises: an electrolyte impermeable, electrolyte resistant metallic base having an electroconductivity greater than 102 (ohm-centimeters) 1 and comprising a 50 weight percent silicon and at least 0.01 weight percent of a dopant; and an electroconductive surface thereon.
Claim 62
Dependent Claim
34 words
The electrolytic cell of claim 54 wherein the electroconductive surface has a chlorine overvoltage in aqueous alkali metal chloride which is below 0.25 volt at a current density of 200 Amperes per square foot.
Claim 63
Dependent Claim
14 words
The electrolytic cell of claim 55 wherein the electroconductive surface comprises an electrocatalytic material.
Claim 64
Dependent Claim
15 words
The electrolytic cell of claim 56 wherein the electroconductive surface comprises a platinum group metal.
Claim 65
Dependent Claim
19 words
The electrolytic cell of claim 56 wherein the electroconductive surface comprises an oxygen-containing compound of a platinum group metal.
Claim 66
Dependent Claim
18 words
The electrolytic cell of claim 56 wherein the electroconductive surface comprises a conductive material and a nonconductive material.
Claim 67
Dependent Claim
12 words
The electrolytic cell of claim 56 wherein the nonconductive material is SiO2.
Claim 68
Dependent Claim
16 words
The electrolytic cell of claim 54 wherein some of the silicon is present as a silicide.
Claim 69
Dependent Claim
31 words
The electrolytic cell of claim 61 wherein the silicides are chosen from the group consisting of titanium silicide, zirconium silicide, niobium silicide, tantalum silicide, chromium silicide, molybdenum silicide, and tungsten silicide.
Claim 70
Dependent Claim
20 words
The electrolytic cell of claim 54 wherein at least part of the silicon is in the form of an alloy.
Claim 71
Dependent Claim
15 words
The electrolytic cell of claim 63 wherein the metallic base comprises 85 weight percent silicon.
Claim 72
Dependent Claim
18 words
The electrolytic cell of claim 63 wherein the metallic base comprises at least 10 weight percent elemental silicon.
Claim 73
Dependent Claim
40 words
the electrolytic cell of claim 63 wherein at least part of the silicon substrate is present as an alloy with a metal chosen from the group consisting of aluminum, gallium, iron, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum, chromium, manganese, iron, tungsten, and vanadium.
Claim 74
Dependent Claim
24 words
The electrolytic cell of claim 54 wherein the dopant if chosen from the group consisting of phosphorous, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, boron, aluminum, and gallium.
Claim 75
Dependent Claim
12 words
The electrolytic cell of claim 54 wherein the base is hot rolled.
Claim 76
Dependent Claim
13 words
The electrolytic cell of claim 54 wherein the base contains internal reinforcing means.
Claim 77
Dependent Claim
30 words
The electrolytic cell of claim 54 wherein the anode comprises an electroconductive metallic substrate; an electrolyte impermeable silicon layer on said substrate; and an electroconductive surface on said silicon layer.
Claim 78
Dependent Claim
103 words
In an electrolytic cell which comprises means for feeding brine to the electrolytic cell, an anode, a cathode, and means for externally imposing an electromotive force between said anode and said cathode of said cell whereby an electrical current is caused to flow from said anode to said cathode, the improvement wherein said anode comprises: an electrolyte impermeable, electrolyte resistant base having an electroconductivity greater than 102 (ohm-centimeters) 1 and comprising 50 weight percent silicon and at least 0.01 weight percent of a dopant chosen from the group consisting of phosphorous, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, boron, aluminum, and gallium; and an electroconductive surface thereon.
Claim 79
Dependent Claim
103 words
In an electrolytic cell which comprises means for feeding brine to the electrolytic cell, an anode, a cathode, and means for externally imposing an electromotive force between said anode and said cathode of said cell whereby an electrical current is caused to flow from said anode to said cathode, the improvement wherein said anode comprises: an electrolyte impermeable, electrolyte resistant base having an electroconductivity greater than 102 (ohm-centimeters) 1 and comprising 50 weight percent silicon and at least 0.01 weight percent of a dopant chosen from the group consisting of phosphorous, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, boron, aluminum, and gallium; and an electroconductive surface thereon.
Claim 80
Dependent Claim
83 words
In a method of electrolyzing brine which comprises the steps of feeding brine to an electrolytic cell and externally imposing an electromotive force between an anode and a cathode of said cell whereby an electrical current is caused to flow from said anode to said cathode, the improvement wherein said anode comprises: a metallic base having an electroconductivity greater than 102 (ohm-centimeters) 1 and comprising 50 weight percent silicon and at least 0.01 weight percent of a dopant; and an electroconductive surface thereon.
Claim 81
Dependent Claim
83 words
In a method of electrolyzing brine which comprises the steps of feeding brine to an electrolytic cell and externally imposing an electromotive force between an anode and a cathode of said cell whereby an electrical current is caused to flow from said anode to said cathode, the improvement wherein said anode comprises: a metallic base having an electroconductivity greater than 102 (ohm-centimeters) 1 and comprising 50 weight percent silicon and at least 0.01 weight percent of a dopant; and an electroconductive surface thereon.
Claim 82
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method of claim 72 wherein at least part of the silicon is in the form of an alloy.
Claim 83
Dependent Claim
14 words
The method of claim 73 wherein some of the silicon is present as silicides.
Claim 84
Dependent Claim
30 words
The method of claim 74 wherein the silicides are chosen from the group consisting of titanium silicide, zirconium silicide, niobium silicide, tantalum silicide, chromium silicide, molybdenum silicide, and tungsten silicide.
Claim 85
Dependent Claim
14 words
The method of claim 73 wherein the metallic base comprises 85 weight percent silicon.
Claim 86
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method of claim 73 wherein the metallic base comprises at least 10 weight percent elemental silicon.
Claim 87
Dependent Claim
37 words
The method of claim 73 wherein at least part of the silicon is present as an alloy with materials chosen from the group consisting of aluminum, gallium, iron, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum, chromium, manganese, iron, tungsten, and vanadium.
Claim 88
Dependent Claim
33 words
The method of claim 72 wherein the electroconductive surface has a chlorine overvoltage in aqueous alkali metal chloride which is below 0.25 volt at a current density of 200 Amperes per square foot.
Claim 89
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method of claim 79 wherein the electroconductive surface comprises an electrocatalytic material.
Claim 90
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method of claim 80 wherein the electroconductive surface comprises a conductive material and a nonconductive material.
Claim 91
Dependent Claim
11 words
The method of claim 81 wherein the nonconductive material is SiO2.
Claim 92
Dependent Claim
14 words
The method of claim 80 wherein the electroconductive surface comprises a platinum group metal.
Claim 93
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method of claim 80 wherein the electroconductive surface comprises an oxygen-containing compound of a platinum group metal.
Claim 94
Dependent Claim
23 words
The method of claim 72 wherein the dopant is chosen from the group consisting of boron, aluminum, gallium, phosphorous, arsenic, antimony, and bismuth.
Claim 95
Dependent Claim
11 words
The method of claim 72 wherein the base is hot rolled.
Claim 96
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method of claim 72 wherein the base contains internal reinforcing means.
Claim 97
Dependent Claim
29 words
The method of claim 72 wherein the anode comprises an electroconductive metallic substrate; an electrolyte impermeable silicon layer on said substrate; and an electroconductive surface on said silicon layer.
Claim 98
Dependent Claim
97 words
In a method of electrolyzing brine which comprises the steps of feeding brine to an electrolytic cell and externally imposing an electromotive force between an anode and a cathode of said cell whereby an electrical current is caused to flow from said anode to said cathode, the improvement wherein said anode comprises: a metallic base having an electroconductivity greater than 102 (ohm-centimeters) 1 and comprising 50 weight percent silicon and at least 0.01 weight percent of a dopant chosen from the group consisting of boron, aluminum, gallium, phosphorous, arsenic, antimony, and bismuth; and an electroconductive surface thereon.
Claim 99
Dependent Claim
97 words
In a method of electrolyzing brine which comprises the steps of feeding brine to an electrolytic cell and externally imposing an electromotive force between an anode and a cathode of said cell whereby an electrical current is caused to flow from said anode to said cathode, the improvement wherein said anode comprises: a metallic base having an electroconductivity greater than 102 (ohm-centimeters) 1 and comprising 50 weight percent silicon and at least 0.01 weight percent of a dopant chosen from the group consisting of boron, aluminum, gallium, phosphorous, arsenic, antimony, and bismuth; and an electroconductive surface thereon.
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| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1977-12-02 | 1978-06-03 | 1978-12-03 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1981-12-02 | 1982-06-03 | 1982-12-03 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1985-12-02 | 1986-06-03 | 1986-12-03 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |