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Method and apparatus for controlling the cure of a rubber article

Assignee: McNeil Corp
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Filing: 1973-09-17
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Granted: 1974-06-25
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Expires: 1993-09-17
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Abstract

Abstract Disclosed is an apparatus and method for controlling the cure of a rubber compound according to the cross-link concentration thereof. The method and apparatus recognizes that most cures can be divided into two distinct reaction periods, an induction period where little, if any, cross-linking of the molecular structure occurs and a cross-linking period where the majority of the chemical vulcanization reaction occurs, and controls the cure accordingly. Based on signals from a temperature sensitive probe embedded in the rubber, the induction time period is calculated using the Arrhenius equation and a known activation energy. This calculated induction time is compared to a predetermined value and upon a match, calculation of the percent cross-link concentration is initiated using a known activation energy and compared with a predetermined percentage cross-link value. When the rubber compound is cured to the desired percentage of crosslink concentration, the curing process can be terminated.

Inventors

  • 👤 T Smith

Bibliographic Details

Application Number —
Jurisdiction US
Data Source google_patents
Last Synchronized 2026-10-31 23:04
CPC Classifications
B; B29; B29D; B29D30/00; B29D30/06; B29D30/0601; B29C; B29C35/00; B29C35/02; B29C35/0288; B29C37/00; B29C2037/90; B29C2037/903; B29D30/0662; B29D2030/0675; B29D2030/0677; B29K; B29K2021/00; B29L; B29L2030/00

Claims Analysis

Total Claims: 19
Claim 1
Independent Claim 128 words
A method of controlling the cure of a rubber article according to the cross-link concentration thereof, said cure including an induction reaction period wherein essentially no change in the mechanical properties of the rubber occurs and a cross-linking reaction period wherein cross-linking of the rubber occurs, comprising the steps of initiating the cure by applying heat to the rubber, sensing a known function of the temperature of the rubber, calculating therefrom the induction reaction period, comparing the calculated induction reaction period with a predetermined induction reaction period, upon a match of the calculated and predetermined induction reaction periods calculating from the known function of temperature the percentage of cross-linking concentration, comparing the calculated crosslinking concentration percentage with a predetermined percentage, and terminating the cure upon a match thereof.
Claim 2
Independent Claim 128 words
A method of controlling the cure of a rubber article according to the cross-link concentration thereof, said cure including an induction reaction period wherein essentially no change in the mechanical properties of the rubber occurs and a cross-linking reaction period wherein cross-linking of the rubber occurs, comprising the steps of initiating the cure by applying heat to the rubber, sensing a known function of the temperature of the rubber, calculating therefrom the induction reaction period, comparing the calculated induction reaction period with a predetermined induction reaction period, upon a match of the calculated and predetermined induction reaction periods calculating from the known function of temperature the percentage of cross-linking concentration, comparing the calculated crosslinking concentration percentage with a predetermined percentage, and terminating the cure upon a match thereof.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim 30 words
A method according to claim 1 wherein the step of measuring a function of the temperature of the rubber is accomplished by inserting a temperature sensitive probe in the rubber.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim 14 words
A method according to claim 2 wherein the temperature sensitive probe is a thermistor.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim 32 words
A method according to claim 2 wherein the rubber is being cured in a closable mold and the temperature sensitive probe is inserted in the rubber after the closing of the mold.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim 53 words
A method according to claim 1 wherein the induction reaction period is calculated by taking the integral of the Arrhenius expression e (1/T 1/T) where Alpha i is the induction activation energy divided by the universal gas constant, To is a preselected test temperature and T is the measured temperature of the rubber.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim 67 words
A method according to claim 1 wherein the step of calculating the percentage of cross-link concentration includes taking the integral of the Arrhenius expression e (1/T 1/T) where Alpha x is the cross-link activation energy divided by the universal gas constant, To is a preselected test temperature, and T is the measured temperature of the rubber, the integral being divided by Tau xo, the cross-linking time constant.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim 39 words
A method according to claim 6 wherein the step of calculating the cross-link concentration includes solving the equation a 1 - e x where x equals the integral as divided by Tau xo to Determine the percent cross-link concentration.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim 76 words
A method according to claim 1 wherein the steps of calculating the induction reaction period and calculating the percentage of cross-link concentration include taking the integral of the Arrhenius expression e (1/T 1/T) where To is a preselected test temperature, T is the measured temperature of the rubber and Alpha is the activation energy divided by the universal gas constant, different activation energies being selected to calculate the induction reaction period and percentage of cross-link concentration.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim 257 words
Apparatus for controlling the cure of a rubber article according to the cross-link concentration thereof, said cure including an induction reaction period wherein essentially no change in the mechanical properties of the rubber occurs and a cross-linking reaction period wherein cross-linking of the rubber occurs comprising, temperature sensitive probe means insertable into the rubber article to provide an output signal proportional to a known function of the temperature of the rubber, circuit means receiving said output signal of said probe means and developing a signal proportional to the rate of cure of the induction period of the rubber article, means to integrate said signal proportional to the rate of cure of the induction period and providing an output signal proportional to the induction time period, first comparator means receiving said output signal of said means to integrate and an input signal proportional to a preselected value of induction time and providing an output signal upon a match thereof, said output signal of said first comparator means enabling said circuit means to develop a signal proportional to the rate of cure of the cross-linking period of the rubber article to be integrated by said means to integrate, means receiving said signal proportional to the integrated rate of cure of the cross-linking period and converting the same to a percent cross-link concentration signal, and second comparator means receiving said percent cross-link concentration signal and an input signal proportional to a preselected value of percent cross-link concentration and providing an output signal upon a match thereof to terminate the cure.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim 257 words
Apparatus for controlling the cure of a rubber article according to the cross-link concentration thereof, said cure including an induction reaction period wherein essentially no change in the mechanical properties of the rubber occurs and a cross-linking reaction period wherein cross-linking of the rubber occurs comprising, temperature sensitive probe means insertable into the rubber article to provide an output signal proportional to a known function of the temperature of the rubber, circuit means receiving said output signal of said probe means and developing a signal proportional to the rate of cure of the induction period of the rubber article, means to integrate said signal proportional to the rate of cure of the induction period and providing an output signal proportional to the induction time period, first comparator means receiving said output signal of said means to integrate and an input signal proportional to a preselected value of induction time and providing an output signal upon a match thereof, said output signal of said first comparator means enabling said circuit means to develop a signal proportional to the rate of cure of the cross-linking period of the rubber article to be integrated by said means to integrate, means receiving said signal proportional to the integrated rate of cure of the cross-linking period and converting the same to a percent cross-link concentration signal, and second comparator means receiving said percent cross-link concentration signal and an input signal proportional to a preselected value of percent cross-link concentration and providing an output signal upon a match thereof to terminate the cure.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim 12 words
Apparatus according to claim 9 wherein said probe means is a thermistor.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim 29 words
Apparatus according to claim 9 wherein the output signal of said probe means is an analog signal and including means to convert said analog signal to a digital signal.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim 24 words
Apparatus according to claim 11 wherein said means to integrate includes a digital adder, a buffer register, a clock pulse generator, and a counter.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim 47 words
Apparatus according to claim 9 wherein said circuit means also receives a signal proportional to a predetermined value for induction activation energy so that said signal proportional to the rate of cure of the induction period of the rubber article can be developed by said circuit means.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim 70 words
Apparatus according to claim 13 wherein said output signal of said first comparator means prohibits said circuit means from receiving said signal proportional to a predetermined value for induction activation energy and permits said circuit means to receive a signal proportional to a predetermined value for cross-linking activation energy so that said signal proportional to the rate of cure of the cross-linking period can be developed by said circuit means.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim 51 words
Apparatus according to claim 9, said output signal of said first comparator means enabling said circuit means to develop a signal proportional to the rate of cure of the cross-linking period by enabling a signal proportional to a predetermined value for cross-linking activation energy to be received by said circuit means.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim 32 words
Apparatus according to claim 15, said output signal of said first comparator means also enabling the output signal of said means to integrate to be divided by a predetermined cross-linking time constant.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim 24 words
Apparatus according to claim 16 wherein said means to integrate includes a counter and said output signal of said first comparator resets said counter.

References Cited (Backward Citations)

US3443280A Cited
US3649729A Cited
US3659974A Cited
US3718721A Cited

USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows

Annuity Stage Window Opens Payment Deadline Surcharge Period Until Estimated Fee Status
3.5 Years (Year 4) 1977-06-24 1977-12-24 1978-06-25 $2000.00 Window Closed / Lapsed
7.5 Years (Year 8) 1981-06-24 1981-12-24 1982-06-25 $3760.00 Window Closed / Lapsed
11.5 Years (Year 12) 1985-06-24 1985-12-24 1986-06-25 $7700.00 Window Closed / Lapsed

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