Bonding of organic materials to inorganic particles

Claim 2

A process for chemically bonding an organic coating upon inorganic particles, comprising the steps of fracturing, under essentially anhydrous conditions, particles of a frangible inorganic material to form smaller particles having active bonding sitEs upon the freshly exposed surfaces of fracture thereof; said inorganic material having components bound together by forces of the order of strength of covalent, coordinate and ionic bonds; simultaneously exposing said fresh surfaces as they are formed to a proteinaceous organic compound capable of bonding to said inorganic material at said bonding sites; continuing said simultaneous fracturing and exposing steps until said particles are reduced to an average size within the range of 0.1 to 200 microns; washing said particles with a solvent to remove proteinaceous organic material not immobilized on said particles; and thereafter mixing the coated particles with a plastic resin compatible with the proteinaceous organic material immobilized on said particles to secure said resin and particles together by means of said proteinaceous organic material.

Claim 3

A process of immobilizing an organic material upon glass particles, comprising the steps of fracturing grains of glass under substantially non-aqueous conditions to form smaller glass particles having highly active bonding sites upon the fresh surfaces of fracture thereof; simultaneously mixing a proteinaceous organic coating material with said glass as it is fractured to expose said fresh surfaces of fracture immediately to said proteinaceous organic coating material and to bond said proteinaceous organic coating material to said particles at said bonding sites; washing the coated glass particles with a solvent for said proteinaceous organic coating material to remove proteinaceous organic material not bonded to said particles; and thereafter mixing said coated particles with a plastic resin compatible with said proteinaceous organic coating material to secure said resin and particles together by means of said proteinaceous organic coating material.

Claim 4

A process of immobilizing an organic material upon glass particles, comprising the steps of fracturing grains of glass under substantially non-aqueous conditions to form smaller glass particles having highly active bonding sites upon the fresh surfaces of fracture thereof; simultaneously mixing albumin with said glass as it is fractured to expose said fresh surfaces of fracture immediately to said albumin and to bond said albumin to said particles at said bonding sites; washing said particles with a solvent for said albumin to remove albumin not immobilized on said particles; and then coupling a biologically active composition to the albumin immobilized on said particles by means of a coupling agent compatible with both said albumin and said composition.

Claim 5

The process of claim 5 in which there is the further step of contacting said biologically active composition coupled to said albumin with a substance reactive therewith.

Claim 6

A process for chemically bonding an organic coating upon inorganic particles, comprising the steps of fracturing, under essentially anhydrous conditions, particles of a frangible inorganic material to form smaller particles having active bonding sites upon the freshly exposed surfaces of fracture thereof; said inorganic material having components bound together by forces of the order of strength of covalent, coordinate and ionic bonds; simultaneously exposing said fresh surfaces as they are formed to an enzymatically inactive proteinaceous material capable of bonding to said inorganic material at said bonding sites; continuing said simultaneous fracturing and exposing steps until said particles are reduced to an average size within the range of 0.1 to 200 microns; washing said particles with a solvent for said proteinaceous material to remove proteinaceous material not immobilized on said particles; and then coupling a biologically active compositon to the proteinaceous material immobilized on said particles by means of a coupling agent compatible with both said proteinaceous material and said biologically active composition.

Claim 7

The process of claim 7 in which said inorganic particles are formed of glass.

Claim 8

A proCess for chemically bonding an organic coating upon inorganic particles, comprising the steps of fracturing, under essentially anhydrous conditions, particles of a frangible inorganic material to form smaller particles having active bonding sites upon the freshly exposed surfaces of fracture thereof; said inorganic material having components bound together by forces of the order of strength of covalent, coordinate and ionic bonds; simultaneously exposing said fresh surfaces as they are formed to an enzyme to bond said enzyme to said bonding sites without destroying the biological activity of said enzyme; continuing said simultaneous fracturing and exposing steps until said particles are reduced to an average size within the range of 0.1 to 200 microns; washing said particles with a solvent for said enzyme to remove enzyme not immobilized on said particles; and thereafter biologically reacting the enzyme chemically bound upon said particles with an enzymatically reactive material.