Patent US3787694A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US3787694A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Fluidic detector for the detection of radiant energy and for the analysis of gas mixtures
Assignee: Individual
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Filing: 1972-07-11
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Granted: 1974-01-22
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Expires: 1992-07-11
Abstract
Abstract A radiation detector and gas analyzer of the kind wherein radiant energy is directed along one or more beam-paths into a corresponding number of detector cells containing substances selectively responsive to the radiant energy. Gas is free to flow from one compartment of the detector cell to the other and this flow is used to actuate a sensing element which consists of a variable inductance or capacitance actuated by a vane placed in the path of the gas flow between compartments of the detector cell. The sensing element is made a part of the frequency determining network of an electronic oscillator, and this oscillator is connected with a reference oscillator in phase-lock loop so that when the sensing element moves and causes detuning of the detector oscillator, servo corrective voltages are produced in the phase lock circuit which are proportional to the movement of the sensing element and thus an electrical output is produced which is measured or recorded.
Inventors
- 👤 K Owen
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-24 09:41
CPC Classifications
G; G01; G01N; G01N21/00; G01N21/17; G01N21/25; G01N21/31; G01N21/35; G01N21/37
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 28
Claim 1
Independent Claim
207 words
Measuring apparatus comprising first and second chambers connected by an orifice that is small compared to the crosssection of either chamber, the first chamber having small volume as compared to the volume of the second chamber and also having an input window for receiving radiant energy, one of said chambers having an internal wall with a surface area generally transverse to the direction of flow out of said orifice which surface area is more than ten times, and therefore large compared to, the cross-sectional area of said orifice, and means for indicating the gas flow through said orifice comprising a vane of large area as compared to that of the cross-sectional area of the orifice and no more than 0.01 inch from the end of the orifice which feeds said one chamber to thereby form a very limited gas volume between the vane and said large surface of the inner wall of said chamber whereby to create a pressure on the vane to move it in one direction beyond its mean position when gas flows toward the vane and to create a vacuum at the vane to move it in the opposite direction beyond its mean position when gas flows into the orifice away from the vane.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
207 words
Measuring apparatus comprising first and second chambers connected by an orifice that is small compared to the crosssection of either chamber, the first chamber having small volume as compared to the volume of the second chamber and also having an input window for receiving radiant energy, one of said chambers having an internal wall with a surface area generally transverse to the direction of flow out of said orifice which surface area is more than ten times, and therefore large compared to, the cross-sectional area of said orifice, and means for indicating the gas flow through said orifice comprising a vane of large area as compared to that of the cross-sectional area of the orifice and no more than 0.01 inch from the end of the orifice which feeds said one chamber to thereby form a very limited gas volume between the vane and said large surface of the inner wall of said chamber whereby to create a pressure on the vane to move it in one direction beyond its mean position when gas flows toward the vane and to create a vacuum at the vane to move it in the opposite direction beyond its mean position when gas flows into the orifice away from the vane.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
116 words
Measuring apparatus as defined in claim 1 in which said vane is located in the second chamber, the volume of the second chamber being large as compared to the volume between the vane and that inner wall of the second chamber which is adjacent the outlet end of the orificE, and said vane being mounted so that gas may flow across at least part of its periphery from the area adjacent the outlet of the orifice to the portion of the chamber volume that is on the side of the vane opposite the side that faces the orifice to thus enable rapid dissipations of pressure changes adjacent the orifice outlet into the chamber as a whole.
Claim 4
Independent Claim
302 words
A device for measuring the intensity of pulses of radiant energy comprising a first chamber in the path of said radiant energy and containing a gas, said chamber having a radiant-energy permeable portion permitting said radiant energy to enter, a second chamber containing a gas, a restricted orifice between said chambers for developing a jet the velocity of which varies in relation to the intensity of said pulses of radiant energy, and jet responsive vane means the position of which is independent of the static pressure in either chamber and responsive to impact of gas flowing between said chambers to effect movement of such jet responsive vane means in relation to the force resulting from such impact, means for closely coupling the jet responsive vane means to the gas flow through said orifice including mounting means positioning said jet responsive vane means so that gas flowing through said orifice from the first to the second chamber applies a pressure against a first face of said vane means to move the vane means beyond its mean position in a first direction and responsive to the flow of gas from the second to the first chamber to create a vacuum at said first face to suck the vane means beyond its mean position in a second direction which is opposite to the first one whereby in response to pulses of radiant energy entering the first chamber the vane means is moved beyond its mean position in both said first and second directions, said close coupling being characterized by a portion of the chamber wall extending away from the periphery of the orifice and being at least ten times the cross-section of the orifice and not greater than 0.01 inch from the vane means, and indicating means responsive to movement of said jet responsive means.
Claim 5
Independent Claim
302 words
A device for measuring the intensity of pulses of radiant energy comprising a first chamber in the path of said radiant energy and containing a gas, said chamber having a radiant-energy permeable portion permitting said radiant energy to enter, a second chamber containing a gas, a restricted orifice between said chambers for developing a jet the velocity of which varies in relation to the intensity of said pulses of radiant energy, and jet responsive vane means the position of which is independent of the static pressure in either chamber and responsive to impact of gas flowing between said chambers to effect movement of such jet responsive vane means in relation to the force resulting from such impact, means for closely coupling the jet responsive vane means to the gas flow through said orifice including mounting means positioning said jet responsive vane means so that gas flowing through said orifice from the first to the second chamber applies a pressure against a first face of said vane means to move the vane means beyond its mean position in a first direction and responsive to the flow of gas from the second to the first chamber to create a vacuum at said first face to suck the vane means beyond its mean position in a second direction which is opposite to the first one whereby in response to pulses of radiant energy entering the first chamber the vane means is moved beyond its mean position in both said first and second directions, said close coupling being characterized by a portion of the chamber wall extending away from the periphery of the orifice and being at least ten times the cross-section of the orifice and not greater than 0.01 inch from the vane means, and indicating means responsive to movement of said jet responsive means.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
39 words
A device for measuring the intensity of pulses as defined in claim 3 in which said indicating means includes an electrical circuit the inductance of which is varied according to variations in the position of said jet responsive means.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
39 words
A device for measuring the intensity of pulses as defined in claim 3 in which said indicating means includes an electrical circuit the capacitance of which is varied according to variations in the position of said jet responsive means.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
31 words
A device for measuring the intensity of pulses of radiant energy as defined in claim 3 in which said jet responsive means is mounted immediately adjacent one end of said orifice.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
36 words
A device for measuring the intensity of pulses of radiant energy as defined in claim 6 in which the jet responsive means has a large surface area transverse to direction of gas flow from the orifice.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
54 words
A device for measuring the intensity of pulses of radiant energy as defined in claim 7 in which the large surface area of the jet responsive means is generally parallel to a large surface area of a chamber wall, with one end of said orifice terminating at one end at said last named surface.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
41 words
A device for measuring the intensity of pulses of radiant energy as defined in claim 8 in which said end of said orifice directs the gas flow at or near the middle of the large surface of the jet responsive means.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
39 words
A device for measuring the intensity of pulses as defined in claim 3 in which said indicating means includes an electrical circuit the impedance of which is varied according to variations in the position of said jet responsive means.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
55 words
A device for measuring the intensity of pulses of radiant energy as defined in claim 3 in which the jet responsive means is a vane which is resiliently biased to a mid-position from which it moves back and forth toward or away from an end of said orifice in response To pulses of gas flow.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
48 words
A device for measuring the intensity of pulses of radiant energy as defined in claim 11, in which the vane is mounted on at least one elongated resilient element which per-mits the vane to move back and forth in response to the impact of pulses of gas flow.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
25 words
A device for measuring the intensity of pulses of radiant energy as defined in claim 12 in which said elongated resilient element is a wire.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
43 words
A device for measuring the intensity of pulses of radiant energy as defined in claim 12 in which said elongated resilient element is metallic and is part of an electrical cir-cuit the impedance of which varies when the position of said element varies.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
44 words
A device for measuring the intensity of pulses of radiant energy as defined in claim 14, having magnetic material adjacent said elongated resilient element so that the inductance of the circuit varies when said element moves with respect to the position of said material.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
59 words
A device for measuring the intensity of pulses of radiant energy as defined in claim 14, in which said elongated resilient element is one plate of an electrical capacitor, the circuit including another plate of the capacitor adjacent the first one so that as the vane moves back and forth the plates move toward and away from each other.
Claim 19
Independent Claim
143 words
A device for measuring the intensity of pulses of radiant energy comprising a first chamber in the path of and permeated by said radiant energy and containing a gas, a second chamber containing a gas, an orifice connecting said chambers, gas flow sensing means comprising two walls spaced apart no more than 0.01 inch over an area at least 10 times greater than the area of the orifice, the first of said walls comprising the wall through which the said orifice enters said second chamber and the second of said walls comprising a vane, mounting means for said vane to permit its motion in response to pressure changes in the said space between said walls as gas enters and leaves through said orifice in response to pulses of radiant energy in said first chamber, and means for indicating the movements of the vane.
Claim 20
Independent Claim
143 words
A device for measuring the intensity of pulses of radiant energy comprising a first chamber in the path of and permeated by said radiant energy and containing a gas, a second chamber containing a gas, an orifice connecting said chambers, gas flow sensing means comprising two walls spaced apart no more than 0.01 inch over an area at least 10 times greater than the area of the orifice, the first of said walls comprising the wall through which the said orifice enters said second chamber and the second of said walls comprising a vane, mounting means for said vane to permit its motion in response to pressure changes in the said space between said walls as gas enters and leaves through said orifice in response to pulses of radiant energy in said first chamber, and means for indicating the movements of the vane.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
32 words
A device for measuring the intensity of radiant energy as defined in claim 17 in which said first-named area is on the order of 100 times the cross-sectional area of the orifice.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
22 words
A device as defined in claim 18 in which said walls are spaced apart a distance on the order of 0.0004 inches.
Claim 23
Independent Claim
224 words
A device for measuring the intensity of pulses of radiant energy comprising a first chamber in the path of said radiant energy and containing a gas, said chamber including a portion permeable by said radiant energy, a second chamber containing a gas, a restricted orifice connecting said chambers, one of said chambers having a wall through which said orifice enters the chamber and which wall has a surface area extending away from the orifice outlet which is more than ten times, and therefore large compared to, the cross-sectional area of the orifice, vane means also of large area compared to the cross-sectional area of the orifice and mounted for movement back and forth about a mean position and facing said large surface area of the chamber and immediately adjacent thereto, being within 0.01 inch thereof, and effecting movement beyond the mean position in a first direction when pressure is applied to the side of the vane facing the orifice by the gas flow through the orifice in a direction toward the vane means and effecting movement beyond the mean position in a second direction when a suction force is applied to the side of the vane facing the orifice by the gas flow through the orifice in a direction away from the vane means, and indicating means responsive to movements of the vane means.
Claim 24
Independent Claim
224 words
A device for measuring the intensity of pulses of radiant energy comprising a first chamber in the path of said radiant energy and containing a gas, said chamber including a portion permeable by said radiant energy, a second chamber containing a gas, a restricted orifice connecting said chambers, one of said chambers having a wall through which said orifice enters the chamber and which wall has a surface area extending away from the orifice outlet which is more than ten times, and therefore large compared to, the cross-sectional area of the orifice, vane means also of large area compared to the cross-sectional area of the orifice and mounted for movement back and forth about a mean position and facing said large surface area of the chamber and immediately adjacent thereto, being within 0.01 inch thereof, and effecting movement beyond the mean position in a first direction when pressure is applied to the side of the vane facing the orifice by the gas flow through the orifice in a direction toward the vane means and effecting movement beyond the mean position in a second direction when a suction force is applied to the side of the vane facing the orifice by the gas flow through the orifice in a direction away from the vane means, and indicating means responsive to movements of the vane means.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
66 words
Measuring apparatus as defined in claim 20 in which the vane is mounted to provide a gas passage around most of its periphery so that the pressure or vacuum pulses built up between the vane and that part of the chamber wall that is around the oriFice outlet may rapidly dissipate around the periphery of the vane into the chamber in which the vane is located.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
49 words
Measuring apparatus as defined in claim 21 in which the volume of gas between the vane and that part of the chamber wall which is adjacent to the outlet end of the orifice is small as compared to the volume of the chamber in which the vane is located.
Claim 27
Independent Claim
93 words
A device for measuring the intensity of pulses of radiant energy comprising, a chamber in the path of said radiant energy and containing a gas, variable reactor means responsive to expansion and contraction of said gas due to the radiant energy of said pulses, first oscillator means including said variable reactor in its frequency determining circuit, second oscillator means, means for phase-locking the first oscillator means to the second oscillator means, and means for indicating phase differences between the first oscillator means and the second oscillator means as a measure of said intensity.
Claim 28
Independent Claim
93 words
A device for measuring the intensity of pulses of radiant energy comprising, a chamber in the path of said radiant energy and containing a gas, variable reactor means responsive to expansion and contraction of said gas due to the radiant energy of said pulses, first oscillator means including said variable reactor in its frequency determining circuit, second oscillator means, means for phase-locking the first oscillator means to the second oscillator means, and means for indicating phase differences between the first oscillator means and the second oscillator means as a measure of said intensity.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1977-01-21 | 1977-07-23 | 1978-01-22 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1981-01-21 | 1981-07-23 | 1982-01-22 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1985-01-21 | 1985-07-23 | 1986-01-22 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |