Minimized temperature coefficient voltage standard means

Claim 1

A voltage standard means comprising: at least one diode which includes P doped and N doped material and a PN junction and which is adapted to be reversely biased; at least a second diode which also includes P doped and N doped material and a PN junction and which is adapted to be forwardly biased; bulk semiconductive material comprising impurity doped material of a predetermined impurity concentration for a predetermined resistivity integrally included with the material of said second diode and spaced from said forwardly biased PN junction by at least one diffusion length; a series combination including said one diode, said second diode and said bulk material; said one diode being reversely poled with respect to said second diode in said series circuit; the combination of said one diode and said at least a second diode having a non-linear characteristic curve between the voltage thereacross and increasing temperature and with a continuously negative changing slope; said continuously negative changing slope having a continuously negative absolute value; said bulk semiconductor material having a non-linear characteristic curve between the voltage thereacross and increasing temperature and with a continuously positively changing slope; said continuously positively changing slope having a continuously positive absolute value; said characteristic curves beginning at substantially zero reference voltage at a predetermined initial temperature; and said negative and said positive absolute values being essentially equal at respective same temperatures.