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US3779714A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Dispersion strengthening of metals by internal oxidation
Assignee: SCM Metal Products Inc
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Filing: 1972-01-13
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Granted: 1973-12-18
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Expires: 1992-01-13
Abstract
Abstract Disclosed are methods and compositions for forming dispersionstrengthened metal products by the in situ internal oxidation of an alloy powder of a solute metal in a matrix metal. The matrix metal is relatively noble with respect to the solute metal so that the solute metal will be preferentially oxidized. The oxidant for the internal oxidation of said alloy powder is a mixture of a heat-reducible (i.e., reducible by the solute metal with heat) metal oxide (the metal moiety of which is different or the same as the matrix metal that is present in the alloy) present in proportion sufficient for substantial oxidation of all of said solute metal to solute metal oxide; and a hard, refractory metal oxide (the metal moiety of which is different from or the same as the solute metal present in the alloy). The alloy powder and the oxidant are intimately mixed and heated in an inert atmosphere for internal oxidation. Upon internal oxidation, the composite residue of spent oxidant comprises an in situ heat-reduced metal intimately associated with the refractory metal oxide, and such residue is coalesced with the rest of the mass by hot working.
Inventors
- 👤 A Nadkarni
- 👤 E Klar
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-29 20:28
CPC Classifications
C; C22; C22C; C22C1/00; C22C1/10; C22C1/1078; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S75/00; Y10S75/95; Y10S75/951; Y10S75/956
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 17
Claim 1
Independent Claim
31 words
The process of claim 1 wherein the ratio of the average particle diameter of the alloy particles to the average particle diameter of the oxidant particles is at least about 2:1.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
24 words
The process of claim 1 wherein the metal moiety of said in situ heat-reducible metal oxide is the same metal as said matrix metal.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
23 words
The process of claim 3 wherein the metal moiety of said hard, refractory metal oxide is the same metal as said solute metal.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
42 words
The process of claim 4 wherein the metal moiety of said heat-reducible metal oxide and the metal moiety of said hard, refractory metal oxide are in substantially the same proportion as the proportion of matrix metal and solute metal in said alloy.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
27 words
The process of claim 1 wherein said solute metal is present in said alloy in the proportion of 0.01 to 5 percent by weight of said alloy.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
20 words
The process of claim 1 wherein said powdered alloy has an average particle size of less than about 150 microns.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
20 words
The process of claim 7 wherein said powdered alloy has an average particle size of less than about 44 microns.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
33 words
The process of claim 6 wherein the ratio of the average particle diameter of the alloy particles to the average particle diameter of the oxidant particles is between about 5:1 and about 30:1.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
17 words
The process of claim 1 wherein said matrix metal is copper and said solute metal is aluminum.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
17 words
The process of claim 5 wherein said matrix metal is copper and said solute metal is aluminum.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
23 words
The process of claim 1 wherein about 0.1 to 10 weight parts of said oxidant are mixed with 100 weight parts of alloy.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
27 words
The process of claim 1 including the step of reducing said alloy mixed with said oxidant with reducing gas after the step of internally oxidizing the same.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
236 words
A dispersion-strengthened metal produced by internally oxidizing a mixture of 100 weight parts of a powdered alloy with at least about 0.1 weight parts of an oxidant, said powdered alloy having an average particle size of less than 300 microns and comprising a relatively noble matrix metal having a negative free energy of oxide formation at 25*C. of up to 70 kilocalories per gram atom of oxygen and a solute metal having a negative free energy of oxide formation exceeding that of said matrix metal by at least about 60 kilocalories per gram atom of oxygen at 25*C., said oxidant comprising an intimate mixture of heat-reducible metal oxide having a negative free energy of formation at 25*C. of up to 70 kilocalories per gram atom of oxygen and finely divided refractory metal oxide having a negative free energy of formation exceeding the negative free energy of formation of said heat-reducible metal oxide by at least about 60 kilocalories per gram atom of oxygen at 25*C., said heat-reducible metal oxide present in at least stoichiometric proportions for complete oxidation of all of said solute metal in said alloy, comprising: a dispersion-strengthened metal mixture of oxidized solute metal, relatively noble matrix metal, residue of heat-reducible metal oxide, and hard refractory metal oxide, said mixture adapted to be thermally coalesced whereby said hard refractorY metal oxide dispersion strengthens said residue of heat-reducible metal oxide to form dispersion-strengthened metal stock.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
30 words
The dispersion-strengthened metal mixture in claim 14 wherein said metal mixture is thermally coalesced and said residue of heat-reducible metal oxide is dispersion strengthened by said hard refractory metal oxide.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
52 words
The dispersion-strengthened metal in claim 14 produced by internally oxidizing a mixture of 100 weight parts of said powdered alloy with from about 0.1 to 10 weight parts of said oxidant, and said metal moiety of said residue of heat-reducible metal oxide is the same moiety as said relatively noble matrix metal.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
26 words
The dispersion-strengthened metal in claim 16 wherein the metal moiety of said hard refractory metal oxide is the same metal moiety as said oxidized solute metal.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
29 words
The dispersion-strengthened metal in claim 16 wherein the metal moiety of said relatively noble matrix metal is copper and the metal moiety of said oxidized solute metal is aluminum.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1976-12-17 | 1977-06-18 | 1977-12-18 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1980-12-17 | 1981-06-18 | 1981-12-18 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1984-12-17 | 1985-06-18 | 1985-12-18 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |