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US3777549A
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US
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Measurement of hole pressure differentials and protuberance pressure differentials in non-newtonian liquids or the like
Assignee: Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation
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Filing: 1971-07-29
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Granted: 1973-12-11
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Expires: 1991-07-29
Abstract
Abstract The hole pressure differential is measured by providing at least one hole in a wall along which the liquid is caused to flow. The wall may constitute a portion of a passage, reaction vessel or the like. A pressure transducer or sensor is recessed into the hole to measure the hole pressure therein. At least one non-hole pressure transducer is also provided to measure the non-hole pressure along the wall. The hole pressure and the non-hole pressure, as measured, are combined subtractively, or otherwise, so as to derive the difference between the non-hole pressure and the hole pressure at a particular location along the wall. The non-hole pressure sensor may be located opposite the hole at a point where the non-hole pressure is the same as it would be at the location of the hole. In another arrangement, two non-hole pressure sensors are provided upstream and downstream at intervals from the hole, in which case the hole pressure may be combined subtractively with the average of the non-hole pressures. Similarly, two holes and hole pressure sensors may be spaced upstream and downstream at intervals from the non-hole pressure sensor so that the non-hole pressure may be combined subtractively with the average of the hole pressures. Other arrangements may utilize a sequence of two non-hole pressure sensors and one hole pressure sensor with subtractive combining means to derive the differential hole pressure. Alternatively, two hole pressure sensors and one non-hole pressure sensor may be arranged in sequence. Similar arrangements may be employed to measure the protuberance or negative-hole pressure differentials, by replacing the holes and hole pressure transducers with protuberances and protuberance pressure transducers.
Inventors
- 👤 Lodge A Scott
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-31 18:40
CPC Classifications
G; G01; G01N; G01N11/00; G01N11/02
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 52
Claim 1
Independent Claim
130 words
Apparatus for measuring the non-flush pressure differential in a liquid, comprising wall means, means for causing the liquid to flow along said wall means, non-flush pressure sensing means including at least one nonflush formation along said wall means and at least one nonflush pressure sensor connected with said formation, said non-flush formation being localized and thereby being operative to change the shape of the flow lines in said liquid adjacent said non-flush pressure sensor without substantial changing the speed of the flow, flush pressure sensing means including at least one flush pressure sensor exposed to the liquid along said wall means, and means connected to saiD last two mentioned means for deriving the difference between the flush pressure and the nonflush pressure at a predetermined location along said wall means.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
130 words
Apparatus for measuring the non-flush pressure differential in a liquid, comprising wall means, means for causing the liquid to flow along said wall means, non-flush pressure sensing means including at least one nonflush formation along said wall means and at least one nonflush pressure sensor connected with said formation, said non-flush formation being localized and thereby being operative to change the shape of the flow lines in said liquid adjacent said non-flush pressure sensor without substantial changing the speed of the flow, flush pressure sensing means including at least one flush pressure sensor exposed to the liquid along said wall means, and means connected to saiD last two mentioned means for deriving the difference between the flush pressure and the nonflush pressure at a predetermined location along said wall means.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
158 words
Apparatus for measuring the non-flush pressure differential in a liquid, comprising wall means, means for causing the liquid to flow along said wall means, non-flush pressure sensing means including at least one non-flush formation along said wall means and at least one non-flush pressure sensor connected with said formation, said non-flush formation being localized and thereby being operative to change the shape of the flow lines in said liquid adjacent said non-flush pressure sensor, flush pressure sensing means including at least one flush pressure sensor exposed to the liquid along said wall means, and means connected to said last two mentioned means for deriving the difference between the flush pressure and the non-flush pressure at a predetermined location along said wall means, said flush pressure sensor being located in a position where the flush pressure is the same as the flush pressure would be at the location of said non-flush formation in the absence of said non-flush formation.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
158 words
Apparatus for measuring the non-flush pressure differential in a liquid, comprising wall means, means for causing the liquid to flow along said wall means, non-flush pressure sensing means including at least one non-flush formation along said wall means and at least one non-flush pressure sensor connected with said formation, said non-flush formation being localized and thereby being operative to change the shape of the flow lines in said liquid adjacent said non-flush pressure sensor, flush pressure sensing means including at least one flush pressure sensor exposed to the liquid along said wall means, and means connected to said last two mentioned means for deriving the difference between the flush pressure and the non-flush pressure at a predetermined location along said wall means, said flush pressure sensor being located in a position where the flush pressure is the same as the flush pressure would be at the location of said non-flush formation in the absence of said non-flush formation.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
139 words
Apparatus for measruing the non-flush pressure differential in a liquid, comprising wall means, means for causing the liquid to flow along said wall means, non-flush pressure sensing means including at least one non-flush formation along said wall means and at least one non-flush pressure sensor connected with said formation, said non-flush formation being localized and thereby being operative to change the shape of the flow lines in said liquid adjacent said non-flush pressure sensor, flush pressure sensing means including at least one flush pressure sensor exposed to the liquid along said wall means, and means connected to said last two mentioned means for deriving the difference between the flush pressure and the non-flush pressure at a predetermined location along said wall means, said flush pressure sensing means including two flush pressure sensors spaced upstream and downstream from said formation.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
139 words
Apparatus for measruing the non-flush pressure differential in a liquid, comprising wall means, means for causing the liquid to flow along said wall means, non-flush pressure sensing means including at least one non-flush formation along said wall means and at least one non-flush pressure sensor connected with said formation, said non-flush formation being localized and thereby being operative to change the shape of the flow lines in said liquid adjacent said non-flush pressure sensor, flush pressure sensing means including at least one flush pressure sensor exposed to the liquid along said wall means, and means connected to said last two mentioned means for deriving the difference between the flush pressure and the non-flush pressure at a predetermined location along said wall means, said flush pressure sensing means including two flush pressure sensors spaced upstream and downstream from said formation.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
27 words
Apparatus according to claim 3, including means for averaging the flush presures, and means for subtractively combining said non-flush pressure with the average of said flush pressures.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
144 words
Apparatus for measuring the non-flush pressure differentials in a liquid, comprising wall means, means for causing the liquid to flow along said wall means, non-flush pressure sensing means including at least one non-flush formation along said wall means and at least one non-flush pressure sensor connected with said formation, said non-flush formation being localized and thereby being operative to change the shape of the flow lines in said liquid adjacent said non-flush pressure sensor, flush pressure sensing means including at least one flush pressure sensor exposed to the liquid along said wall means, and means connected to said last two mentioned means for deriving the difference between the flush pressure and the non-flush pressure at a predetermined location along said wall means, said non-flush pressure sensing means including two non-flush formations along said wall means and two non-flush pressure sensors connected with said formations.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
144 words
Apparatus for measuring the non-flush pressure differentials in a liquid, comprising wall means, means for causing the liquid to flow along said wall means, non-flush pressure sensing means including at least one non-flush formation along said wall means and at least one non-flush pressure sensor connected with said formation, said non-flush formation being localized and thereby being operative to change the shape of the flow lines in said liquid adjacent said non-flush pressure sensor, flush pressure sensing means including at least one flush pressure sensor exposed to the liquid along said wall means, and means connected to said last two mentioned means for deriving the difference between the flush pressure and the non-flush pressure at a predetermined location along said wall means, said non-flush pressure sensing means including two non-flush formations along said wall means and two non-flush pressure sensors connected with said formations.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
140 words
Apparatus for measuring the non-flush pressure differential in a liquid, comprising wall means, means for causing the liquid to flow along said wall means, non-flush pressure sensing means including at least one non-flush formation along said wall means and at least one non-flush pressure sensor connected with said formation, said non-flush formation being localized and thereby being operative to change the shape of the flow lines in said liquid adjacent said non-flush pressure sensors, flush pressure sensing means including at least one flush pressure sensor exposed to the liquid along said wall means, and means connected to said last two mentioned means for deriving the difference between the flush pressure and the non-flush pressure at a predetermined location along said wall means, said flush pressure sensing means including two flush pressure sensors located differently relative to said non-flush pressure sensor.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
140 words
Apparatus for measuring the non-flush pressure differential in a liquid, comprising wall means, means for causing the liquid to flow along said wall means, non-flush pressure sensing means including at least one non-flush formation along said wall means and at least one non-flush pressure sensor connected with said formation, said non-flush formation being localized and thereby being operative to change the shape of the flow lines in said liquid adjacent said non-flush pressure sensors, flush pressure sensing means including at least one flush pressure sensor exposed to the liquid along said wall means, and means connected to said last two mentioned means for deriving the difference between the flush pressure and the non-flush pressure at a predetermined location along said wall means, said flush pressure sensing means including two flush pressure sensors located differently relative to said non-flush pressure sensor.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
132 words
Apparatus for measuring the non-flush pressure differential in a liquid, comprising wall means, means for causing the liquid to flow along said wall means, non-flush pressure sensing means including at least one non-flush formation along said wall means and at least one non-flush pressure sensor connected with said formation, said non-flush formation being localized and thereby being operative to change the shape of the flow lines in said liquid adjacent said non-flush pressure sensor, flush pressure sensing means including at least one flush pressure sensor exposed to the liquid along said wall means, and means connected to said two mentioned means for deriving the difference between the flush pressure and the non-flush pressure at a predetermined location along said wall means, said non-flush formation comprising a hole extending into said wall means.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
132 words
Apparatus for measuring the non-flush pressure differential in a liquid, comprising wall means, means for causing the liquid to flow along said wall means, non-flush pressure sensing means including at least one non-flush formation along said wall means and at least one non-flush pressure sensor connected with said formation, said non-flush formation being localized and thereby being operative to change the shape of the flow lines in said liquid adjacent said non-flush pressure sensor, flush pressure sensing means including at least one flush pressure sensor exposed to the liquid along said wall means, and means connected to said two mentioned means for deriving the difference between the flush pressure and the non-flush pressure at a predetermined location along said wall means, said non-flush formation comprising a hole extending into said wall means.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
163 words
Apparatus for measuring the non-flush pressure differential in a liquid, comprising wall means, means for causing the liquid to flow along said wall means, non-flush pressure sensing means including at least one non-flush formation along said wall means and at least one non-flush pressure sensor connected with said formation, said non-flush formation being of a minor localized character and thereby being operative to change the shape of the flow lines in said liquid adjacent said non-flush pressure sensor without substantially changing the speed of the liquid flow so that the speed of the liquid flow past said non-flush formation is substantially the same as the speed of the liquid flow past said flush pressure sensor, flush pressure sensing means including at least one flush pressure sensor exposed to the liquid along said wall means, and means connected to said last two mentioned means for deriving the difference between the flush pressure and the non-flush pressure at a predetermined location along said wall means.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
163 words
Apparatus for measuring the non-flush pressure differential in a liquid, comprising wall means, means for causing the liquid to flow along said wall means, non-flush pressure sensing means including at least one non-flush formation along said wall means and at least one non-flush pressure sensor connected with said formation, said non-flush formation being of a minor localized character and thereby being operative to change the shape of the flow lines in said liquid adjacent said non-flush pressure sensor without substantially changing the speed of the liquid flow so that the speed of the liquid flow past said non-flush formation is substantially the same as the speed of the liquid flow past said flush pressure sensor, flush pressure sensing means including at least one flush pressure sensor exposed to the liquid along said wall means, and means connected to said last two mentioned means for deriving the difference between the flush pressure and the non-flush pressure at a predetermined location along said wall means.
Claim 16
Independent Claim
127 words
A method of measuring certain characteristics of a non-Newtonian elastic liquid, comprising the steps of providing wall means having at least one non-flush formation therealong, causing the non-Newtonian elastic liquid to flow along said wall means and past said formation, sensing the non-flush pressure in said liquid at a point under the influence of said non-flush formation, said non-flush formation being localized and thereby being operative to change the shape of the flow lines in the liquid adjacent said non-flush formation, sensing the flush pressure in at least one location in said liquid and adjacent said wall means, and combining said flush pressure and said non-flush pressure to derive the difference between the flush pressure and the non-flush pressure at a predetermined location along said wall means.
Claim 17
Independent Claim
127 words
A method of measuring certain characteristics of a non-Newtonian elastic liquid, comprising the steps of providing wall means having at least one non-flush formation therealong, causing the non-Newtonian elastic liquid to flow along said wall means and past said formation, sensing the non-flush pressure in said liquid at a point under the influence of said non-flush formation, said non-flush formation being localized and thereby being operative to change the shape of the flow lines in the liquid adjacent said non-flush formation, sensing the flush pressure in at least one location in said liquid and adjacent said wall means, and combining said flush pressure and said non-flush pressure to derive the difference between the flush pressure and the non-flush pressure at a predetermined location along said wall means.
Claim 18
Independent Claim
175 words
A method of measuring certain characteristics of a non-Newtonian elastic liquid, comprising the steps of providing wall means having at least one non-flush formation therealong, causing the non-Newtonian elastic liquid to flow along said wall means and past said formation. sensing the non-flush pressure in said liquid at a point under the influence of said non-flush formation, said non-flush formation being locallized and thereby being operative to change the shape of the flow lines in the liquid adjacent said non-flush formation, sensing the flush pressure in at least one location in said liquid and adjacent said wall means, and combining said flush pressure and said non-flush pressure to derive the difference between the flush pressure and the non-flush pressure at a predetermined location along said wall means, said sensing of said flush pressure being done at a location where the flush pressure is the same as the flush pressure would be at the location of said non-flush formation in the absence of said non-flush formation, said flush pressure and said non-flush pressure being combined subtractively.
Claim 19
Independent Claim
175 words
A method of measuring certain characteristics of a non-Newtonian elastic liquid, comprising the steps of providing wall means having at least one non-flush formation therealong, causing the non-Newtonian elastic liquid to flow along said wall means and past said formation. sensing the non-flush pressure in said liquid at a point under the influence of said non-flush formation, said non-flush formation being locallized and thereby being operative to change the shape of the flow lines in the liquid adjacent said non-flush formation, sensing the flush pressure in at least one location in said liquid and adjacent said wall means, and combining said flush pressure and said non-flush pressure to derive the difference between the flush pressure and the non-flush pressure at a predetermined location along said wall means, said sensing of said flush pressure being done at a location where the flush pressure is the same as the flush pressure would be at the location of said non-flush formation in the absence of said non-flush formation, said flush pressure and said non-flush pressure being combined subtractively.
Claim 20
Independent Claim
152 words
A method of measuring certain characteristics of a non-Newtonian elastic liquid, comprising the steps of providing wall means having at least one non-flush formation therealong, causing the non-Newtonian elastic liquid to flow along said wall means and past said formation, sensing the non-flush pressure in said liquid at a point under the influence of said non-flush formation, said non-flush formation being localized and thereby being operative to change the shape of the flow lines in the liquid adjacent said non-flush formation, sensing the flush pressure in at least one location in said liquid and adjacent said wall means, and combining said flush pressure and said non-flush pressure to derive the difference between the flush pressure and the non-flush pressure at a predetermined location along said wall means, two non-flush formations being provided along said wall means, the non-flush pressure being sensed at two points under the influence of the two non-flush formations.
Claim 21
Independent Claim
152 words
A method of measuring certain characteristics of a non-Newtonian elastic liquid, comprising the steps of providing wall means having at least one non-flush formation therealong, causing the non-Newtonian elastic liquid to flow along said wall means and past said formation, sensing the non-flush pressure in said liquid at a point under the influence of said non-flush formation, said non-flush formation being localized and thereby being operative to change the shape of the flow lines in the liquid adjacent said non-flush formation, sensing the flush pressure in at least one location in said liquid and adjacent said wall means, and combining said flush pressure and said non-flush pressure to derive the difference between the flush pressure and the non-flush pressure at a predetermined location along said wall means, two non-flush formations being provided along said wall means, the non-flush pressure being sensed at two points under the influence of the two non-flush formations.
Claim 22
Independent Claim
140 words
A method of measuring certain characteristics of a non-Newtonian elastic liquid, comprising the steps of providing wall means having at least one non-flush formation therealong, causing the non-Newtonian elastic liquid to flow along said wall means and past said formation, sensing the non-flush pressure in said liquid at a point under the influence of said non-flush formation, said non-flush formation being localized and thereby being operative to change the shape of the flow lines in the liquid adjacent said non-flush formation, sensing the flush pressure in at least one location in said liquid and adjacent said wall means, and combining said flush pressure and said non-flush pressure to derive the difference between the flush pressure and the non-flush pressure at a predetermined location along said wall means, the flush pressure being sensed at two different locations along said wll means.
Claim 23
Independent Claim
140 words
A method of measuring certain characteristics of a non-Newtonian elastic liquid, comprising the steps of providing wall means having at least one non-flush formation therealong, causing the non-Newtonian elastic liquid to flow along said wall means and past said formation, sensing the non-flush pressure in said liquid at a point under the influence of said non-flush formation, said non-flush formation being localized and thereby being operative to change the shape of the flow lines in the liquid adjacent said non-flush formation, sensing the flush pressure in at least one location in said liquid and adjacent said wall means, and combining said flush pressure and said non-flush pressure to derive the difference between the flush pressure and the non-flush pressure at a predetermined location along said wall means, the flush pressure being sensed at two different locations along said wll means.
Claim 24
Independent Claim
163 words
A method of measuring certain characteristics of a non-Newtonian elastic liquid, comprising the steps of providing wall means having at least one non-flush formation therealong, causing the non-Newtonian elastic liquid to flow along said wall means and past said formation, sensing the non-flush pressure in said liquid at a point under the influence of said non-flush formation, said non-flush formation being localized and thereby being operative to change the shape of the flow lines in the liquid adjacent said non-flush formation, sensing the flush pressure in at least one loation in said liquid and adjacent said wall means, maintaining the speed of liquid flow substantially the same past said non-flush formation as along said wall means where said flush pressure is sensed, and combining said flush pressure and said non-flush pressure to derive the difference between the flush pressure and the non-flush pressure at a predetermined location along said wall means, the non-flush formation comprising a localized hole extending into said wall means.
Claim 25
Independent Claim
163 words
A method of measuring certain characteristics of a non-Newtonian elastic liquid, comprising the steps of providing wall means having at least one non-flush formation therealong, causing the non-Newtonian elastic liquid to flow along said wall means and past said formation, sensing the non-flush pressure in said liquid at a point under the influence of said non-flush formation, said non-flush formation being localized and thereby being operative to change the shape of the flow lines in the liquid adjacent said non-flush formation, sensing the flush pressure in at least one loation in said liquid and adjacent said wall means, maintaining the speed of liquid flow substantially the same past said non-flush formation as along said wall means where said flush pressure is sensed, and combining said flush pressure and said non-flush pressure to derive the difference between the flush pressure and the non-flush pressure at a predetermined location along said wall means, the non-flush formation comprising a localized hole extending into said wall means.
Claim 26
Independent Claim
163 words
A method of measuring certain characteristics of a non-Newtonian ealstic liquid, comprising the steps of providing wall means having at least one non-flush formation therealong, causing the non-Newtonian elastic liquid to flow along said wall means and past said formation, sensing the non-flush pressure in said liquid at a point under the influence of said non-flush formation, said non-flush formation being localized and thereby being operative to change the shape of the flow lines in the liquid adjacent said non-flush formation, sensing the flush pressure in at least one location in said liquid and adjacent said wall means, maintaining the speed of liquid flow substantially the same past said non-flush formation as along said wall means where said flush pressure is sensed, and combining said flush pressure and said non-flush pressure to derive the difference between the flush pressure and the non-flush pressure at a predetermined location along said wall means, said non-flush formation comprising a localized protuberance extending from said wall means.
Claim 27
Independent Claim
163 words
A method of measuring certain characteristics of a non-Newtonian ealstic liquid, comprising the steps of providing wall means having at least one non-flush formation therealong, causing the non-Newtonian elastic liquid to flow along said wall means and past said formation, sensing the non-flush pressure in said liquid at a point under the influence of said non-flush formation, said non-flush formation being localized and thereby being operative to change the shape of the flow lines in the liquid adjacent said non-flush formation, sensing the flush pressure in at least one location in said liquid and adjacent said wall means, maintaining the speed of liquid flow substantially the same past said non-flush formation as along said wall means where said flush pressure is sensed, and combining said flush pressure and said non-flush pressure to derive the difference between the flush pressure and the non-flush pressure at a predetermined location along said wall means, said non-flush formation comprising a localized protuberance extending from said wall means.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
102 words
Apparatus for measuring the hole pressure differential in a liquid, comprising wall means, means for causing the liquid to flow along said wall means, hole pressure sensing means including at least one hole in said wall means and at least one hole pressure sensor recessed into said hole for sensing the hole pressure therein, non-hole pressure sensing means including at least one non-hole pressure sensor exposed to the liquid along said wall means, and means connected to said last two mentioned means for deriving the difference between the non-hole pressure and the hole pressure at a predetermined location along said wall means.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
102 words
Apparatus for measuring the hole pressure differential in a liquid, comprising wall means, means for causing the liquid to flow along said wall means, hole pressure sensing means including at least one hole in said wall means and at least one hole pressure sensor recessed into said hole for sensing the hole pressure therein, non-hole pressure sensing means including at least one non-hole pressure sensor exposed to the liquid along said wall means, and means connected to said last two mentioned means for deriving the difference between the non-hole pressure and the hole pressure at a predetermined location along said wall means.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
41 words
Apparatus according to claim 15, in which said non-hole pressure sensor is located in a position where the non-hole pressure is the same as the non-hole pressure would be at the location of said hole in the absence of said hole.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
24 words
Apparatus according to claim 16, including means for subtractively combining said hole pressure and said first-mentioned non-hole pressure to derive the differential hole pressure.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
23 words
Apparatus according to claim 15, in which said non-hole pressure sensing means includes non-hole pressure sensors disposed upstream and downstream from said hole.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
27 words
Apparatus according to claim 18, including means for averaging the non-hole pressures, and means for subtractively combing said hole pressure with the average of said non-hole pressures.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
39 words
Apparatus according to claim 15, in which said hole pressure sensing means includes two holes in said wall means and two hole pressure sensors in said holes, said holes being spaced on opposite sides of said non-hole pressure sensor.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
26 words
Apparatus according to claim 20, including means for averaging the two hole pressures and combining said non-hole pressure subtractively with the average of the hole pressures.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
25 words
Apparatus according to claim 15, in which said non-hole pressure sensing means includes two non-hole pressure sensors located differently relative to said hole pressure sensor.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
18 words
Apparatus according to claim 24, including means for subtractively combining the two non-hole pressures and the hole pressure.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
52 words
Apparatus according to claim 15, in which said hole pressure sensing means includes two holes in said wall means and located differently relative to said non-hole pressure sensor, said holes being provided with two hole pressure sensors, said apparatus including means for subtractively combining the two hole pressures and the non-hole pressure.
Claim 39
Independent Claim
95 words
A method of measuring certain characteristics of a liquid, comprising the steps of providing wall means having at least one hole therein, causing the liquid to flow along said wall means and past said hole, sensing the hole pressure in said liquid at a point recessed into said hole, sensing the non-hole pressure in at least one location in said liquid and adjacent said wall means, and combining said non-hole pressure and said hole pressure to derive the difference between the non-hole pressure and the hole pressure at a predetermined location along said wall means.
Claim 40
Independent Claim
95 words
A method of measuring certain characteristics of a liquid, comprising the steps of providing wall means having at least one hole therein, causing the liquid to flow along said wall means and past said hole, sensing the hole pressure in said liquid at a point recessed into said hole, sensing the non-hole pressure in at least one location in said liquid and adjacent said wall means, and combining said non-hole pressure and said hole pressure to derive the difference between the non-hole pressure and the hole pressure at a predetermined location along said wall means.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
55 words
A method according to claim 25, in which said sensing of said non-hole pressure takes place at a location where the non-hole pressure is the same as the non-hole pressure would be at the location of said hole in the absence of said hole, said first-mentioned non-hole pressure and said hole pressure being combined subtractively.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
26 words
A method according to cLaim 25, in which the sensing of said non-hole pressure is performed at two locations spaced upstream and downstream from said hole.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
20 words
A method according to claim 27, in which the non-hole pressures are averaged and combined subtractively with said hole pressure.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
38 words
A method according to claim 25, in which two spaced holes are provided in said wall means, the non-hole pressure being sensed at a location between said holes, the hole pressure being sensed in both of said holes.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
24 words
A method according to claim 29, in which the hole pressures sensed in said holes are averaged and combined subtractively with the non-hole pressue.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
36 words
A method according to claim 25, in which the non-hole pressure is sensed at two points located differently relative to said hole, the non-hole pressures being combined arithmetically with each other and with said hole pressure.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
50 words
A method according to claim 25, in which two holes are provided in said wall means, the hole pressure being sensed in both of said holes, the non-hole pressure being sensed at a location located differently relative to said holes, the hole pressures and the non-hole pressure being combined arithmetically.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
170 words
Apparatus for measuring the protuberance pressure differential in a non-Newtonian elastic liquid, comprising wall means, means for causing the non-Newtonian elastic liquid to flow along said wall means, protuberance pressure sensing means including at least one protuberance on said wall means and at least one protuberance pressure sensor disposed at a point under the influence of said protuberance, non-protuberance pressure sensing means including at least one non-protuberance pressure sensor exposed to the liquid along said wall means, said protuberance being of a minor localized character and thereby being operative to change the shape of the flow lines in said liquid without substantially changing the speed of the liquid flow adjacent said protuberance pressure sensor so that the speed of the liquid flow past said protuberance is substantially the same as the speed of the liquid flow past said non-protuberance pressure sensor, and means connected to said last two mentioned means for deriving the difference between the non-protuberance pressure and the protuberance pressure at a predetermined location along said wall means.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
170 words
Apparatus for measuring the protuberance pressure differential in a non-Newtonian elastic liquid, comprising wall means, means for causing the non-Newtonian elastic liquid to flow along said wall means, protuberance pressure sensing means including at least one protuberance on said wall means and at least one protuberance pressure sensor disposed at a point under the influence of said protuberance, non-protuberance pressure sensing means including at least one non-protuberance pressure sensor exposed to the liquid along said wall means, said protuberance being of a minor localized character and thereby being operative to change the shape of the flow lines in said liquid without substantially changing the speed of the liquid flow adjacent said protuberance pressure sensor so that the speed of the liquid flow past said protuberance is substantially the same as the speed of the liquid flow past said non-protuberance pressure sensor, and means connected to said last two mentioned means for deriving the difference between the non-protuberance pressure and the protuberance pressure at a predetermined location along said wall means.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
164 words
Apparatus for measuring the protuberance pressure differential in a non-Newtonian elastic liquid, comprising wall means, means for causing the non-Newtonian elastic liquid to flow along said wall means, protuberance pressure sensing means including at least one protuberance on said wall means and at least one protuberance pressure sensor disposed at a point under the influence of said protuberance, said protuberance being localized and thereby being operative to change the shape of the flow lines in said liquid adjacent said protuberance pressure sensor, non-protuberance pressure sensing means including at least one non-protuberance pressure sensor exposed to the liquid along said wall means, and means connected to said last two mentioned means for deriving the difference between the non-protuberance pressure and the protuberance pressure at a predetermined location along said wall means, said non-protuberance pressure sensor being located in a position where the non-protuberance pressure is the same as the non-protuberance pressure would be at the location of said protuberance in the absence of said protuberance.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
164 words
Apparatus for measuring the protuberance pressure differential in a non-Newtonian elastic liquid, comprising wall means, means for causing the non-Newtonian elastic liquid to flow along said wall means, protuberance pressure sensing means including at least one protuberance on said wall means and at least one protuberance pressure sensor disposed at a point under the influence of said protuberance, said protuberance being localized and thereby being operative to change the shape of the flow lines in said liquid adjacent said protuberance pressure sensor, non-protuberance pressure sensing means including at least one non-protuberance pressure sensor exposed to the liquid along said wall means, and means connected to said last two mentioned means for deriving the difference between the non-protuberance pressure and the protuberance pressure at a predetermined location along said wall means, said non-protuberance pressure sensor being located in a position where the non-protuberance pressure is the same as the non-protuberance pressure would be at the location of said protuberance in the absence of said protuberance.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
24 words
Apparatus according to claim 34, including means for subtractively combining said protuberance pressure and said first-mentioned non-protuberance pressure to derive the differential protuberance pressure.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
GB432416A
Cited
US2439723A
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1976-12-10 | 1977-06-11 | 1977-12-11 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1980-12-10 | 1981-06-11 | 1981-12-11 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1984-12-10 | 1985-06-11 | 1985-12-11 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |