Patent US3769618A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US3769618A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Thin film low temperature conductors and transmission lines
Assignee: SHATZKES M
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Filing: 1971-12-27
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Granted: 1973-10-30
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Expires: 1991-12-27
Abstract
Abstract A conductor or transmission line composed of at least one thin conductive member for operation in the anomalous skin effect region, i.e., low temperature and high frequency in which the thickness of conductors is selected for minimum impedance and resistance to current within the thickness range wherein the resistance and impedance are below the thick film resistance and impedance in the anomalous skin effect region. Thickness optimization yields these results independently of dielectric materials or actual placement of conductors with respect to each other in a transmission system.
Inventors
No inventors recorded.
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-25 22:38
CPC Classifications
H; H01; H01P; H01P3/00; H01B; H01B1/00
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 17
Claim 1
Independent Claim
185 words
A conductor comprising means for transmission of electrical energy within a predetermined range of frequencies, said means for transmission being characterized by an anomalous skin effect region wherein the classical skin depth delta Omicron in said means for transmission is smaller than the intrinsic mean free path of electrons in said means for transmission provided by the application of a selected maximum temperature T and corresponding minimum frequency, said means for transmission being of a thickness t such that its impedance is less than the thick film impedance within said predetermined range of frequencies where the normalized thickness K t/l is between the K line and the K line for the normalized skin depth delta delta Omicron /l and its associated range of frequencies where K and K respectively define the upper and lower limits of the range of normalized film thicknesses where the resistance is at most just below the thick film resistance in the anomalous skin effect region and where l is the intrinsic mean free path of electrons, and means for cooling said conductor at least to said selected maximum temperature T.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
185 words
A conductor comprising means for transmission of electrical energy within a predetermined range of frequencies, said means for transmission being characterized by an anomalous skin effect region wherein the classical skin depth delta Omicron in said means for transmission is smaller than the intrinsic mean free path of electrons in said means for transmission provided by the application of a selected maximum temperature T and corresponding minimum frequency, said means for transmission being of a thickness t such that its impedance is less than the thick film impedance within said predetermined range of frequencies where the normalized thickness K t/l is between the K line and the K line for the normalized skin depth delta delta Omicron /l and its associated range of frequencies where K and K respectively define the upper and lower limits of the range of normalized film thicknesses where the resistance is at most just below the thick film resistance in the anomalous skin effect region and where l is the intrinsic mean free path of electrons, and means for cooling said conductor at least to said selected maximum temperature T.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
25 words
Apparatus in accordance with claim 1 wherein said film is of thickness z t where the variable z is related to impedance by the equation
Claim 4
Independent Claim
186 words
A method of transmitting elEctrical energy comprising selecting a thin film conductor with a thickness t for operation at frequency f, where the normalized thickness K t/l is between the K line and the K line for the normalized skin depth delta delta Omicron /l and its associated range of frequencies where K and K respectively define the upper and lower limits of the range of normalized film thickness where the resistance is at most just below the thick film resistance in the anomalous skin effect region and where l is the intrinsic free path of electrons, effecting cooling heat transfer in said conductor to bring said conductor to a temperature T and said temperature T and said frequency f being such as to place said energy transfer in an anomalous skin effect region wherein the classical skin depth delta Omicron in said conductor is smaller than the mean free path of electrons in said conductor, and applying electrical energy having a frequency component f to said thin film conductor of thickness t whereby the impedance of said conductor is smaller than for thick film conductors.
Claim 5
Independent Claim
186 words
A method of transmitting elEctrical energy comprising selecting a thin film conductor with a thickness t for operation at frequency f, where the normalized thickness K t/l is between the K line and the K line for the normalized skin depth delta delta Omicron /l and its associated range of frequencies where K and K respectively define the upper and lower limits of the range of normalized film thickness where the resistance is at most just below the thick film resistance in the anomalous skin effect region and where l is the intrinsic free path of electrons, effecting cooling heat transfer in said conductor to bring said conductor to a temperature T and said temperature T and said frequency f being such as to place said energy transfer in an anomalous skin effect region wherein the classical skin depth delta Omicron in said conductor is smaller than the mean free path of electrons in said conductor, and applying electrical energy having a frequency component f to said thin film conductor of thickness t whereby the impedance of said conductor is smaller than for thick film conductors.
Claim 6
Independent Claim
168 words
A method of transmitting electromagnetic energy with a conductor, in a predetermined range of frequencies comprising effecting cooling heat transfer in said conductor to place said conductor at a temperature within the anomalous skin effect region for said predetermined range of frequencies, applying electromagnetic energy to said conductors within said range of frequencies, said conductor being selected to have a thickness t whereby the impedance of said conductor is smaller than for thick films within said range of frequencies where the normalized thickness K t/l is between the K line and the K line for the normalized skin depth delta delta Omicron /l and its associated range of frequencies wherein delta Omicron is the classical skin depth of said conductor and where K and K respectively define the upper and lower limits of the range of normalized film thicknesses where the resistance is at most just below the thick film resistance in the anomalous skin effect region and where l is the intrinsic mean free path of electrons.
Claim 7
Independent Claim
168 words
A method of transmitting electromagnetic energy with a conductor, in a predetermined range of frequencies comprising effecting cooling heat transfer in said conductor to place said conductor at a temperature within the anomalous skin effect region for said predetermined range of frequencies, applying electromagnetic energy to said conductors within said range of frequencies, said conductor being selected to have a thickness t whereby the impedance of said conductor is smaller than for thick films within said range of frequencies where the normalized thickness K t/l is between the K line and the K line for the normalized skin depth delta delta Omicron /l and its associated range of frequencies wherein delta Omicron is the classical skin depth of said conductor and where K and K respectively define the upper and lower limits of the range of normalized film thicknesses where the resistance is at most just below the thick film resistance in the anomalous skin effect region and where l is the intrinsic mean free path of electrons.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
151 words
Apparatus comprising a source of electromagnetic energy, a structure including a conductor for transmitting said electromagnetic energy connected to said source, said conductor having a thickness t where the normalized thickness K t/l is between the K line and the K line for the normalized skin depth delta delta Omicron /l and its associated range of frequencies where K and K respectively define the upper and lower limits of the range of normalized film thickness where the resistance is at most just below the thick film resistance in the anomalous skin effect region and where l is the intrinsic mean free path of electrons, wherein within a predetermined range of frequencies at a corresponding temperature for operation in the anomalous skin effect region said thickness t has a value providing a smaller impedance than for a thick film conductor, and means for cooling said transmission line to a said corresponding temperature.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
151 words
Apparatus comprising a source of electromagnetic energy, a structure including a conductor for transmitting said electromagnetic energy connected to said source, said conductor having a thickness t where the normalized thickness K t/l is between the K line and the K line for the normalized skin depth delta delta Omicron /l and its associated range of frequencies where K and K respectively define the upper and lower limits of the range of normalized film thickness where the resistance is at most just below the thick film resistance in the anomalous skin effect region and where l is the intrinsic mean free path of electrons, wherein within a predetermined range of frequencies at a corresponding temperature for operation in the anomalous skin effect region said thickness t has a value providing a smaller impedance than for a thick film conductor, and means for cooling said transmission line to a said corresponding temperature.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
158 words
A conductor for carrying high frequency electromagnetic signals wherein the thickness of the conductor is substantially t where the normalized thickness K t/l is between the K line and the k line for the normalized skin depth delta delta Omicron /l and its associated range of frequencies where K and K respectively define the upper and lower limits of the range of normalized film thickness where the resistance is at most just below the thick film resistance in the anomalous skin effect region and where l is the intrinsic mean free path of electrons, and where t defines the film thickness which provides substantially the lowest high frequencY resistance at a selected temperature and selected frequency in the anomalous skin effect region where the high frequency resistance, RHF, is no longer proportional to the square root of the D.C. resistivity of the material, and means for cooling said conductor to a temperature in the anomalous skin effect region.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
158 words
A conductor for carrying high frequency electromagnetic signals wherein the thickness of the conductor is substantially t where the normalized thickness K t/l is between the K line and the k line for the normalized skin depth delta delta Omicron /l and its associated range of frequencies where K and K respectively define the upper and lower limits of the range of normalized film thickness where the resistance is at most just below the thick film resistance in the anomalous skin effect region and where l is the intrinsic mean free path of electrons, and where t defines the film thickness which provides substantially the lowest high frequencY resistance at a selected temperature and selected frequency in the anomalous skin effect region where the high frequency resistance, RHF, is no longer proportional to the square root of the D.C. resistivity of the material, and means for cooling said conductor to a temperature in the anomalous skin effect region.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
25 words
Apparatus in accordance with claim 6 wherein t is within a range of thickness values which minimizes the flow of current in the reverse direction.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
34 words
Apparatus in accordance with claim 6 wherein t is substantially 2.4 ( (9/4 pi ) delta Omicron 2l) 1/3 where delta Omicron is classical skin depth and l is the electron mean free path.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
149 words
A conductor system comprising means for transmission of electrical energy at about 1.3 X 108 Hz at a temperature of about 4.2* K, said means for transmission being characterized by an anomalous skin effect region wherein the classical skin depth delta Omicron of said means for transmission is smaller than the intrinsic mean free path of said means for transmission provided by the application of a selected maximum temperature T and corresponding minimum frequency, said means for transmission being composed of aluminum, said means for transmission being of a thickness t such that its impedance is less than the thick film impedance within said predetermined range of frequencies where the thickness t is between about 5 X 10 6 cm and 7 X 10 4 cm for a double sided means for transmission, and means for cooling said means for transmission at least to said selected maximum temperature T.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
149 words
A conductor system comprising means for transmission of electrical energy at about 1.3 X 108 Hz at a temperature of about 4.2* K, said means for transmission being characterized by an anomalous skin effect region wherein the classical skin depth delta Omicron of said means for transmission is smaller than the intrinsic mean free path of said means for transmission provided by the application of a selected maximum temperature T and corresponding minimum frequency, said means for transmission being composed of aluminum, said means for transmission being of a thickness t such that its impedance is less than the thick film impedance within said predetermined range of frequencies where the thickness t is between about 5 X 10 6 cm and 7 X 10 4 cm for a double sided means for transmission, and means for cooling said means for transmission at least to said selected maximum temperature T.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
162 words
A conductor comprising means for double-sided transmission of electrical energy within a predetermined range of frequencies, said means for double-sided transmission being characterized by an anomalous skin effect region wherein the classical skin depth delta Omicron in said means for double-sided transmission is smaller than the intrinsic mean free path of said means for double-sided transmission provided by the application of a selected maximum temperature T and corresponding minimum frequency, for p near zero where p is the fraction of electrons specularly reflected at the surface of the conductor, said means for double-sided transmission being of a thickness t such that its impedance is less than the thick film impedance within said predetermined range of frequencies where the normalized thickness K t/l is between about 10 2 and 4 X 10 2 for the normalized skin depth delta delta Omicron /l 0.001 and its associated range of frequencies, and means for cooling said conductor at least to said selected maximum temperature T.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
162 words
A conductor comprising means for double-sided transmission of electrical energy within a predetermined range of frequencies, said means for double-sided transmission being characterized by an anomalous skin effect region wherein the classical skin depth delta Omicron in said means for double-sided transmission is smaller than the intrinsic mean free path of said means for double-sided transmission provided by the application of a selected maximum temperature T and corresponding minimum frequency, for p near zero where p is the fraction of electrons specularly reflected at the surface of the conductor, said means for double-sided transmission being of a thickness t such that its impedance is less than the thick film impedance within said predetermined range of frequencies where the normalized thickness K t/l is between about 10 2 and 4 X 10 2 for the normalized skin depth delta delta Omicron /l 0.001 and its associated range of frequencies, and means for cooling said conductor at least to said selected maximum temperature T.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
No citation records indexed.
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1976-10-29 | 1977-04-30 | 1977-10-30 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1980-10-29 | 1981-04-30 | 1981-10-30 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1984-10-29 | 1985-04-30 | 1985-10-30 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |