Bath and method for electrodepositing tin and/or lead

Claim 2

The bath of claim 1 additionally containing about 2.0 to 15.0 grams per liter of an aromatic amine.

Claim 3

The bath of claim 3 wherein said aromatic amine is selected from the group consisting of toluidines and aniline.

Claim 4

The bath of claim 3 additionally containing about 0.1 to 10.0 grams per liter of a carbonyl containing compound selected from the group consisting of benzylidene acetone, 3-hydroxybutanal, thiophene aldehyde, benzaldehyde, dimethoxybenzaldehyde, tolualdehyde, cinnamaldehyde, and anisaldehyde.

Claim 5

The bath of claim 1 additionally containing about 2.0 to 25.0 grams per liter of a lower aliphatic aldehyde containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

Claim 6

The bath of claim 1 additionally containing about 0.5 to 3.0 grams per liter of a trichlorinated benzene derivative.

Claim 7

The bath of claim 1 wherein said radical of said group is fluoborate, and wherein said pH is about 0.1 to 1.5. 9. The bath of claim 1 wherein said metal ion is lead ion in an amount of at least about 75.0 grams per liter, said bath being substantially free of tin ions.

Claim 8

The bath of claim 9 wherein the amount of said lead ion is at least 150.0 grams per liter, wherein said pH is about 0.1 to 1.5, and wherein said bath additionally contains about 0.5 to 5.0 grams per liter of a polyethoxylated alkylphenol secondary surfactant.

Claim 9

The bath of claim 1 wherein said metal ion is stannous ion in an amount of at least about 75.0 grams per liter, said bath being substantially free of lead ion.

Claim 10

The bath of claim 11 wherein the amount of said stannous ion is about 100.0 to 150.0 grams per liter, and wherein the pH of said bath is about 0.1 to 1.5.

Claim 11

The bath of claim 12 additionally including about 0.5 to 3.0 grams per liter of a trichlorinated benzene derivative.

Claim 12

The bath of claim 1 wherein said metal ion is a mixture of stannous and lead ions, wherein the amount of said stannous ion is about 10.0 to 180.0 grams per liter and wherein the amount of said lead ion is about 90.0 to 6.0 grams per liter.

Claim 13

The bath of claim 14 wherein said radical is fluoborate in an amount of at least about 150.0 grams per liter, wherein said bath contains at least about 50.0 grams per liter of free fluoboric acid and from at least about 10.0 grams per liter of free boric acid to saturation therewith, and wherein said pH is about 0.1 to 1.5.

Claim 14

The bath of claim 15 additionally including an aromatic aldehyde selected from the group consisting of 2,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde and 2,6-dichlorobenzaldehyde present in an amount of about 0.3 to 2.0 grams per liter.

Claim 15

The bath of claim 15 additionally including about 0.5 to 3.0 grams per liter of a trichlorinated benzene derivative.

Claim 16

The bath of claim 15 additionally including about 0.3 to 2.0 grams per liter of an aromatic aldehyde selected from the group consisting of 2,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde and 2,6-dichlorobenzaldehyde, and about 0.5 to 3.0 grams per liter of 1, 2,4-trichlorobenzene.

Claim 17

The bath of claim 15 additionally including about 2.0 to 15.0 grams per liter of an aromatic amine selected from the group consisting of toluidines and aniline.

Claim 18

The bath of claim 19 additionally including about 0.1 to 10.0 grams per liter of a carbonyl-containing compound selected from the group consisting of benzylidene acetone, acetaldol, thiophene aldehyde, benzaldehyde, 2,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde, tolualdehyde, cinnamaldehyde, and anisaldehyde.

Claim 19

The bath of claim 18 additionally including about 2.0 to 25.0 grams per liter of formaldehyde.

Claim 20

The bath of claim 14 wherein the amount of said stannous ion is about 45.0 to 65.0 grams per liter and the amount of said lead ion is about 30.0 to 20.0 grams per liter.

Claim 21

The bath of claim 1 wherein said metal ion is a mixture of stannous and lead ion, wherein the amount of said stannous ion is about 10.0 to 30.0 grams per liter and wherein the amount of said lead ion is about 200.0 to 100.0 grams per liter.

Claim 22

The bath of claim 23 wherein the amount of stannous ion is about 15.0 to 20.0 grams per liter and wherein the amount of said lead ion is about 175.0 to 150.0 grams per liter, said bath additionally containing about 0.5 to 5.0 grams per liter of a polyethoxylated alkyl phenol secondary surfactant and having a pH of about 0.1 to 1.5.

Claim 23

In a method of electroplating tin, lead or mixtures thereof, the steps comprising: a. preparing an aqueous acid plating bath comprising about 15.0 to 350.0 grams per liter of a metal ion selected from the group consisting of stannous ion, lead ion, and mixtures thereof, aT least about 100.0 grams per liter of a radical selected from the class consisting of fluoborate, fluosilicate, sulfamate, and mixtures thereof, and about 10.0 - 25.0 grams per liter of an alkoxylated fatty acid alkylolamide surfactant, said bath having a pH less than about 3.0, said alkylolamide surfactant having the formula

Claim 24

The method of claim 25 wherein said bath contains at least 150.0 grams per liter of lead ion and is substantially free of tin ions, wherein said metal of said class is lead, and wherein said current density is less than about 100.0 amperes per square foot.

Claim 25

The method of claim 26 wherein said bath additionally contains about 0.5 to 5.0 grams per liter of a polyethoxylated alkyl phenol secondary surfactant, wherein said radical of said class is fluoborate, and wherein said pH is about 0.1 to 1.5.

Claim 26

The method of claim 25 wherein said bath contains about 100.0 to 150.0 grams per liter of stannous ion and is substantially free of lead ion, wherein said metal of said class is tin, wherein said current density is greater than about 400.0 amperes per square foot, and wherein said workpiece and bath are moved relative to one another at a rate of at least about 150 lineal feet per minute.

Claim 27

The method of claim 28 wherein said bath additionally contains about 0.3 to 2.0 grams per liter of an aromatic aldehyde selected from the group consisting of 2,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde and 2,6-dichlorobenzaldehyde and about 0.5 to 3.0 grams per liter of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, wherein said radical of said class is fluoborate, and wherein said pH is about 0.1 to 1.5.

Claim 28

The method of claim 25 wherein said bath contains about 45.0 to 65.0 grams per liter of stannous ion and about 30.0 to 20.0 grams per liter of lead ion, wherein said metal of said class is a tin/lead alloy, wherein said pH is about 0.1 to 1.5, and wherein said current density is less than 100.0 amperes per square foot.

Claim 29

The method of claim 30 wherein said bath additionally contains about 0.5 to 3.0 grams per liter of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene and wherein said current density is about 5.0 to 50.0 amperes per square foot.

Claim 30

The method of claim 30 wherein said bath additionally contains about 0.3 to 2.0 grams per liter of an aromatic aldehyde selected from the group consisting of 2,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde and 2, b-dichlorobenzaldehyde, and wherein said radical of said class is fluoborate.

Claim 31

The method of claim 32 wherein said temperature is above about 80* Fahrenheit.

Claim 32

The method of claim 32 wherein said bath additionally contains about 0.5 to 3.0 grams per liter of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, about 2.0 to 25.0 grams per liter of formaldehyde, and about 2.0 to 15.0 grams per liter of an aromatic amine selected from the group consisting of toluidines and aniline.

Claim 33

The method of claim 30 wherein said bath additionally contaIns at least 0.1 to 10.0 grams per liter of a carbonyl-containing compound selected from the group consisting of benzylidene acetone, 3-hydroxybutanal, thiophene aldehyde, benzaldehyde, 2,5-dimethoxy-benzaldehyde, tolualdehyde, cinnamaldehyde, and anisaldehyde, and about 2.0 to 15.0 grams per liter of an aromatic amine selected from the group consisting of toluidines and aniline

Claim 34

The method of claim 25 wherein said bath contains about 15.0 to 20.0 grams per liter of stannous ion and about 175.0 to 150.0 grams per liter of lead ion, wherein said metal of said class is a tin/lead alloy, wherein said bath additionally contains about 0.3 to 2.0 grams per liter of an aromatic aldehyde selected from the group consisting of 2,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde and 2,6-dichlorobenzaldehyde, about 0.5 to 3.0 grams per liter of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, and about 2.0 to 25.0 grams per liter of formaldehyde, wherein said pH is about 0.1 to 1.5, wherein said current density is greater than about 400.0 amperes per square foot, and wherein said workpiece and bath are moved relative to one another at a rate of at least about 150.0 lineal feet per minute.