Instrument for responding to mechanical vibration of acceleration andfor converting the same into electric energy

Claim 2

An instrument for responding to mechanical vibration or acceleration of a base along two predetermined directions at right angles to each other comprising two oppositely disposed electromechanical vibrators having inner and outer surfaces and having an inertial member rigidly fastened to the inner surfaces thereof, means including rigid fastenings between the outer surfaces of the vibrators and opposite parts of the base that are positioned along a line that is substantially at right angles to the predetermined directions for causing the inner surfaces of the vibrators to move simultaneously with respect to the base in either of two directions substantially at right angles to each other, or in a direction opposite thereto, in response to vibration or acceleration of the base in one or the other of said predetermined directions, or in a direction opposite thereto, and to generate corresponding electrical response in at least one of the vibrators independent of vibration or acceleration of said base in any other direction, and means for detecting said responses, respectively.

Claim 3

An instrument for responding to mechanical vibration or acceleration of a base along a predetermined direction comprising two oppositely disposed piezoelectric vibrators having inner and outer surfaces and having an inertial member rigidly fastened to the inner surfaces of the vibrators, each of the vibrators having one crystallographic axis of shear, means including rigid fastenings between the outer surfaces of the vibrators and opposite parts of the base that are positioned along a line that is substantially at right angles to said predetermined direction for causing each vibrator to become sheared around its said axis of shear in response to vibration or acceleration of said base in said predetermined direction or the opposite direction and to produce an electrical polarization substantially independent of vibration or acceleration of said base in any other direction, a first dimension of each vibrator being parallel to the said line and to a second of the crystallographic axes of the vibrator, a second dimension of each vibrator being parallel to the said one crystallographic axis and perpendicular to the first dimension and to the predetermined direction, a third dimension of each vibrator being parallel to the predetermined direction and to the third crystallographic axis of the vibrator, each vibrator being provided with electrodes perpendicular to its said second dimension, the piezoelectric vibrators being selected from the group consisting of the crystallographic classes 2,222, 4,4,42m, 422, 32, 6, 622,23 and 43m, and means coupled to the electrodes of said vibrators for detecting said electrical polarizations.

Claim 4

An instrument for responding to mechanical vibration or acceleration of a base along a predetermined direction comprising two oppositely disposed piezoelectric vibrators having inner and outer surfaces and having an inertial member rigidly fastened to the inner surfaces of the vibrators, each of the vibrators having one crystallographic axis of shear, means including rigid fastenings between the outer surfaces of the vibrators and opposite parts of the base that are positioned along a line that is substantially at right angles to said predetermined direction for causing each vibrator to become sheared around its said axis of shear in response to vibration or acceleration of said base in said predetermined direction or the opposite direction and to produce an electrical polarization substantially independent of vibration or acceleration of said base in any other direction, a first dimension of each vibrator being parallel to the said line and to a second of the crystallographic axes of the vibrator, a second dimension of each vibrator being parallel to the said one crystallographic axis and perpendicular to the first dimension and to the predetermined direction, a third dimension of each vibrator being parallel to the predetermined direction and to the third crystallographic axis of the vibrator, each vibrator being provided with electrodes perpendicular to its said second dimension, the piezoelectric vibrators being selected from the group consisting of the crystallographic classes 2,222, 4,4,42m, 422, 32, 6, 622,23 and 43m, and means coupled to the electrodes of said vibrators for detecting said electrical polarizations.

Claim 5

An instrument for responding to mechanical vibration or acceleration of a base along a predetermined direction comprising two oppositely disposed piezoelectric vibrators having inner and outer surfaces and having an inertial member rigidly fastened to the inner surfaces of the vibrators, each of the vibrators having one crystallogrphic axis of shear, means including rigid fastenings between the outer surfaces of the vibrators and opposite parts of the base that are positioned along a line that is substantially at right angles to said predetermined direction for causing each vibrator to become sheared around its said axis of shear in response to vibration or acceleration of said base in said prEdetermined direction or the opposite direction and to produce an electrical polarization substantially independent of vibration or acceleration of said base in any other direction, a first dimension of each vibrator being parallel to the said line and to a second of the crystallographic axes of the vibrator, a second dimension of each vibrator being parallel to the said one crystallographic axis and perpendicular to the first dimension and to the predetermined direction, a third dimension of each vibrator being parallel to the predetermined direction and to the third crystallographic axis of the vibrator, each vibrator being provided with electrodes perpendicular to its said third dimension, the piezoelectric vibrators being selected from the group consisting of the crystallographic classes mm2, 4mm, 3m, 6mm, 6m2 and m, and means coupled to the electrodes of said vibrators for detecting said electrical polarizations.

Claim 6

An instrument for responding to mechanical vibration or acceleration of a base along a predetermined direction comprising two oppositely disposed piezoelectric vibrators having inner and outer surfaces and having an inertial member rigidly fastened to the inner surfaces of the vibrators, each of the vibrators having one crystallogrphic axis of shear, means including rigid fastenings between the outer surfaces of the vibrators and opposite parts of the base that are positioned along a line that is substantially at right angles to said predetermined direction for causing each vibrator to become sheared around its said axis of shear in response to vibration or acceleration of said base in said prEdetermined direction or the opposite direction and to produce an electrical polarization substantially independent of vibration or acceleration of said base in any other direction, a first dimension of each vibrator being parallel to the said line and to a second of the crystallographic axes of the vibrator, a second dimension of each vibrator being parallel to the said one crystallographic axis and perpendicular to the first dimension and to the predetermined direction, a third dimension of each vibrator being parallel to the predetermined direction and to the third crystallographic axis of the vibrator, each vibrator being provided with electrodes perpendicular to its said third dimension, the piezoelectric vibrators being selected from the group consisting of the crystallographic classes mm2, 4mm, 3m, 6mm, 6m2 and m, and means coupled to the electrodes of said vibrators for detecting said electrical polarizations.

Claim 7

An instrument for responding to mechanical vibration or acceleration of a base along a predetermined direction comprising two oppositely disposed piezoelectric vibrators having inner and outer surfaces and having an inertial member rigidly fastened to the inner surfaces of the vibrators, each of the vibrators having one crystallographic axis along which the vibrator may become compressed, means including rigid fastenings between the outer surfaces of the vibrators and opposite parts of the base that are positioned along a line that is substantially parallel to said predetermined direction for causing one vibrator to become compressed and the other to become extended along its said axis in response to vibration or acceleration of said base in said predetermined direction or the opposite direction and to produce an electrical polarization in each vibrator substantially independent of vibration or acceleration of said base in any other direction, a first dimension of each vibrator being parallel to the said line and to the predetermined direction, a second dimension of each vibrator being parallel to a second crystallographic axis and perpendicular to the predetermined direction and to the first dimension, and a third dimension of each vibrator being parallel to the third crystallographic axis of the vibrator and perpendicular to the predetermined direction, the piezoelectric vibrators being selected from the group consisting of the crystallographic classes mm2, 4, 4mm, 3, 3m, 6, 6mm, 6m2 and m, and means for detecting said electrical polarizations.

Claim 8

An instrument for responding to mechanical vibration or acceleration of a base along a predetermined direction comprising two oppositely disposed piezoelectric vibrators having inner and outer surfaces and having an inertial member rigidly fastened to the inner surfaces of the vibrators, each of the vibrators having one crystallographic axis along which the vibrator may become compressed, means including rigid fastenings between the outer surfaces of the vibrators and opposite parts of the base that are positioned along a line that is substantially parallel to said predetermined direction for causing one vibrator to become compressed and the other to become extended along its said axis in response to vibration or acceleration of said base in said predetermined direction or the opposite direction and to produce an electrical polarization in each vibrator substantially independent of vibration or acceleration of said base in any other direction, a first dimension of each vibrator being parallel to the said line and to the predetermined direction, a second dimension of each vibrator being parallel to a second crystallographic axis and perpendicular to the predetermined direction and to the first dimension, and a third dimension of each vibrator being parallel to the third crystallographic axis of the vibrator and perpendicular to the predetermined direction, the piezoelectric vibrators being selected from the group consisting of the crystallographic classes mm2, 4, 4mm, 3, 3m, 6, 6mm, 6m2 and m, and means for detecting said electrical polarizations.

Claim 9

An instrument for responding to mechanical vibration or acceleration of a base selectively along either of two mutually perpendicular predetermined directions comprising two pairs of oppositely disposed piezoelectric bodies having inner and outer surfaces, the bodies having an inertial member rigidly fastened to the inner surfaces thereof, means including rigid fastenings between the outer surfaces of the bodies of each pair and opposite parts of the base that are positioned along lines perpendicular, respectively, to said predetermined directions and perpendicular to each other for causing the bodies of one pair or the other to become electrically polarized, when shearing stresses are exerted selectively upon the bodies of one or the other pair in substantially the corresponding one or the other of the predetermined directions or a direction substantially opposite thereto only, in response to vibration or acceleration of the base in the said one or the other of the predetermined directions or the said substantially opposite direction only, and substantially independent of vibration or acceleration of said base in any other direction, and means for detecting the polarizations, respectively.

Claim 10

An instrument for responding to mechanical vibration or acceleration of a base selectively along either of two mutually perpendicular predetermined directions comprising two pairs of oppositely disposed piezoelectric bodies having inner and outer surfaces, the bodies having an inertial member rigidly fastened to the inner surfaces thereof, means including rigid fastenings between the outer surfaces of the bodies of each pair and opposite parts of the base that are positioned along lines perpendicular, respectively, to said predetermined directions and perpendicular to each other for causing the bodies of one pair or the other to become electrically polarized, when shearing stresses are exerted selectively upon the bodies of one or the other pair in substantially the corresponding one or the other of the predetermined directions or a direction substantially opposite thereto only, in response to vibration or acceleration of the base in the said one or the other of the predetermined directions or the said substantially opposite direction only, and substantially independent of vibration or acceleration of said base in any other direction, and means for detecting the polarizations, respectively.

Claim 11

An instrument for responding to mechanical vibration or acceleration of a base selectively along any one of three mutually perpendicular predetermined directions comprising three pairs of oppositely disposed piezoelectric bodies having inner and outer surfaces, the bodies having an inertial member rigidly fastened to the inner surfaces thereof, means including rigid fastenings between the outer surfaces of the bodies of each pair and opposite parts of the base that are positioned along lines perpendicular, respectively, to said predetermined directions and perpendicular to each other for causing the bodies of one pair or another to become electrically polarized, when shearing stresses are exerted selectively upon the bodies of one or another pair in substantially the corresponding one or another of the predetermined directions or a direction substantially opposite thereto only, in response to the vibration or acceleration of the base in the said one or another of the predetermined directions or the said substantially opposite directions only, and substantially independent of vibration or acceleration of said base in any other direction, and means for detecting the polarizations, respectively.

Claim 12

An instrument for responding to mechanical vibration or acceleration of a base selectively along any one of three mutually perpendicular predetermined directions comprising three pairs of oppositely disposed piezoelectric bodies having inner and outer surfaces, the bodies having an inertial member rigidly fastened to the inner surfaces thereof, means including rigid fastenings between the outer surfaces of the bodies of each pair and opposite parts of the base that are positioned along lines perpendicular, respectively, to said predetermined directions and perpendicular to each other for causing the bodies of one pair or another to become electrically polarized, when shearing stresses are exerted selectively upon the bodies of one or another pair in substantially the corresponding one or another of the predetermined directions or a direction substantially opposite thereto only, in response to the vibration or acceleration of the base in the said one or another of the predetermined directions or the said substantially opposite directions only, and substantially independent of vibration or acceleration of said base in any other direction, and means for detecting the polarizations, respectively.

Claim 13

An instrument for responding to mechanical vibration or acceleration of a base along a predetermined direction comprising two oppositely disposed piezoelectric vibrators having inner and outer surfaces and having an inertial member rigidly fastened to the inner surfaces of the vibrators, each of the vibrators having one crystallographic axis along which the vibrator may become compressed, means including rigid fastenings between the outer surfaces of the vibrators and opposite parts of the base that are positioned along a line that is substantially parallel to said predetermined direction for causing one vibrator to become compressed and the other to become extended along its said axis in response to vibration or acceleration of said base in said predetermined direction or the opposite direction and to produce in each vibrator an electrical polarization subantially independent of vibration or acceleration of said base in any other direction, one of the dimensions of each vibrator being parallel to the said line and to the predetermined direction, a second of the dimensions of each vibrator being aprallel to a second crystallographic axis and perpendicular to the predetermined direction and to the said one dimension, and the third dimension of eahc vibrator being aprallel to the third crystallographic axis of the vibrator and perpendicular to the predetermined direction, the thickness of each vibrator being great enough to assure that the vibrations of said vibrators shall be substantially a pure compression, and means for detecting said electrical polarizations.

Claim 14

An instrument for responding to mechanical vibration or acceleration of a base along a predetermined direction comprising two oppositely disposed piezoelectric vibrators having inner and outer surfaces and having an inertial member rigidly fastened to the inner surfaces of the vibrators, each of the vibrators having one crystallographic axis along which the vibrator may become compressed, means including rigid fastenings between the outer surfaces of the vibrators and opposite parts of the base that are positioned along a line that is substantially parallel to said predetermined direction for causing one vibrator to become compressed and the other to become extended along its said axis in response to vibration or acceleration of said base in said predetermined direction or the opposite direction and to produce in each vibrator an electrical polarization subantially independent of vibration or acceleration of said base in any other direction, one of the dimensions of each vibrator being parallel to the said line and to the predetermined direction, a second of the dimensions of each vibrator being aprallel to a second crystallographic axis and perpendicular to the predetermined direction and to the said one dimension, and the third dimension of eahc vibrator being aprallel to the third crystallographic axis of the vibrator and perpendicular to the predetermined direction, the thickness of each vibrator being great enough to assure that the vibrations of said vibrators shall be substantially a pure compression, and means for detecting said electrical polarizations.

Claim 15

An instrument for responding to mechanical vibration or acceleration of a base along two predetermined directions at right angles to each other comprising two oppositely disposed piezoelectric vibrators having inner and outer surfaces and having an inertial member rigidly fastened to the inner surfaces thereof, the vibrators each having a pair of oppositely disposed electrode faces respectively provided with electrodes, one pair of electrode faces being disposed at right angles to one of the predetermined directions and the other pair at right angles to the other predetermined direction, means including rigid fastenings between the outer surfaces of the vibrators and opposite parts of the base that are positioned along a line that is substantially at right angles to the predetermined directions for causing the inner surfaces of the vibrators to move simultaneously with respect to the base transversely along substantially two single directions only that are respectively parallel to the said predetermined directions in response to vibration or acceleration of the base along the respective predetermined directions, and to generate electromotive forces in the respective vibrators between the corresponding electrodes, and means coupled to said electrodes for detecting said electromotive forces, respectively.

Claim 16

An instrument for responding to mechanical vibration or acceleration of a base along two predetermined directions at right angles to each other comprising two oppositely disposed piezoelectric vibrators having inner and outer surfaces and having an inertial member rigidly fastened to the inner surfaces thereof, the vibrators each having a pair of oppositely disposed electrode faces respectively provided with electrodes, one pair of electrode faces being disposed at right angles to one of the predetermined directions and the other pair at right angles to the other predetermined direction, means including rigid fastenings between the outer surfaces of the vibrators and opposite parts of the base that are positioned along a line that is substantially at right angles to the predetermined directions for causing the inner surfaces of the vibrators to move simultaneously with respect to the base transversely along substantially two single directions only that are respectively parallel to the said predetermined directions in response to vibration or acceleration of the base along the respective predetermined directions, and to generate electromotive forces in the respective vibrators between the corresponding electrodes, and means coupled to said electrodes for detecting said electromotive forces, respectively.

Claim 17

An instrument for responding to mechanical vibration or acceleration of a base along two predetermined directions at right angles to each other comprising twO oppositely disposed piezoelectric vibrators having inner and outer surfaces and having an inertial member rigidly fastened to the inner surfaces thereof, the vibrators each having two pairs of oppositely disposed electrode faces respectively provided with electrodes, the pairs being so disposed that each pair will respond to vibration or acceleration along one of the predetermined directions, means including rigid fastenings between the outer surfaces of the vibrators and opposite parts of the base that are positioned along a line that is substantially at right angles to the predetermined directions for causing the inner surfaces of the vibrators to move simultaneously with respect to the base transversely along substantially two single directions only that are respectively parallel to the said predetermined directions in response to vibration or acceleration of the base along the respective predetermined directions and to generate electromotive forces in the respective vibrators between the corresponding electrodes, and means coupled to said electrodes for detecting said electromotive forces, respectively.

Claim 18

An instrument for responding to mechanical vibration or acceleration of a base along two predetermined directions at right angles to each other comprising twO oppositely disposed piezoelectric vibrators having inner and outer surfaces and having an inertial member rigidly fastened to the inner surfaces thereof, the vibrators each having two pairs of oppositely disposed electrode faces respectively provided with electrodes, the pairs being so disposed that each pair will respond to vibration or acceleration along one of the predetermined directions, means including rigid fastenings between the outer surfaces of the vibrators and opposite parts of the base that are positioned along a line that is substantially at right angles to the predetermined directions for causing the inner surfaces of the vibrators to move simultaneously with respect to the base transversely along substantially two single directions only that are respectively parallel to the said predetermined directions in response to vibration or acceleration of the base along the respective predetermined directions and to generate electromotive forces in the respective vibrators between the corresponding electrodes, and means coupled to said electrodes for detecting said electromotive forces, respectively.

Claim 19

An instrument for responding to mechanical vibration or acceleration of a base selectively along either of two mutually perpendicular predetermined directions comprising two pairs of oppositely disposed piezoelectric bodies, the bodies having inner and outer surfaces and having an inertial member rigidly fastened to the inner surfaces thereof, means including rigid fastenings between the outer surfaces of the bodies of each pair and opposite parts of the base that are positioned along lines parallel, respectively, to said predetermined directions and perpendicular to each other for causing the bodies of one pair or the other to become electrically polarized, when compressional stresses are exerted selectively upon the bodies of one or the other pair in substantially the corresponding one or the other of the predetermined directions or a direction substantially opposite thereto only, in response to vibration or acceleration of the base in the said one of the predetermined directions or the said substantially opposite direction only, and substantially independent of vibration or acceleration of said base in any other direction, and means for detecting the polarizations, respectively.

Claim 20

An instrument for responding to mechanical vibration or acceleration of a base selectively along either of two mutually perpendicular predetermined directions comprising two pairs of oppositely disposed piezoelectric bodies, the bodies having inner and outer surfaces and having an inertial member rigidly fastened to the inner surfaces thereof, means including rigid fastenings between the outer surfaces of the bodies of each pair and opposite parts of the base that are positioned along lines parallel, respectively, to said predetermined directions and perpendicular to each other for causing the bodies of one pair or the other to become electrically polarized, when compressional stresses are exerted selectively upon the bodies of one or the other pair in substantially the corresponding one or the other of the predetermined directions or a direction substantially opposite thereto only, in response to vibration or acceleration of the base in the said one of the predetermined directions or the said substantially opposite direction only, and substantially independent of vibration or acceleration of said base in any other direction, and means for detecting the polarizations, respectively.

Claim 21

An instrument for responding to mechanical vibration or acceleration of a base selectively along any one of three mutually perpendicular predetermined directions comprising three pairs of oppositely disposed piezoelectric bodies, the bodies having inner and outer surfaces and having an inertial member rigidly fastened to the inner surfaces thereof, means including rigid fastenings between the outer surfaces of the bodies of each pair and opposite parts of the base that are positioned along lines parallel, respectively, to said predetermined directions and perpendicular to each other for causing the bodies of one pair or another to become electrically polarized, when compressional stresses are exerted selectively upon the bodies of one or another pair in substantially the corresponding one or another of the predetermined directions or a direction substantially opposite thereto only, in response to the vibration or acceleration of the base in the said one or another of the predetermined directions or the said substantially opposite direction only, and substantially independent of vibration or acceleration of said base in any other direction, and means for detecting the polarizations, respectively.

Claim 22

An instrument for responding to mechanical vibration or acceleration of a base selectively along any one of three mutually perpendicular predetermined directions comprising three pairs of oppositely disposed piezoelectric bodies, the bodies having inner and outer surfaces and having an inertial member rigidly fastened to the inner surfaces thereof, means including rigid fastenings between the outer surfaces of the bodies of each pair and opposite parts of the base that are positioned along lines parallel, respectively, to said predetermined directions and perpendicular to each other for causing the bodies of one pair or another to become electrically polarized, when compressional stresses are exerted selectively upon the bodies of one or another pair in substantially the corresponding one or another of the predetermined directions or a direction substantially opposite thereto only, in response to the vibration or acceleration of the base in the said one or another of the predetermined directions or the said substantially opposite direction only, and substantially independent of vibration or acceleration of said base in any other direction, and means for detecting the polarizations, respectively.