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US3727005A Expired / Lapsed US ⏱️ 0.0 years remaining

Delta modulation system with randomly timed multiplexing capability

Assignee: International Business Machines Corp
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Filing: 1971-06-30
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Granted: 1973-04-10
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Expires: 1991-06-30
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Abstract

Abstract The principal feature of this multiplexed delta modulation system is its ability to introduce digital data or other lowfrequency information signals into a high-frequency digitized signal stream at random times, without loss of synchronization or undue degradation of the high-frequency signal. When a lowfrequency data bit is to be introduced into a bit stream representing the high-frequency signal, such a bit first is converted into a multibit code word W1 or W2, depending upon whether a 1 or 0 data bit is to be transmitted. The code word W1 or W2 they may be inserted into the transmitted bit stream at any random time, replacing a bit pattern of corresponding length in said stream which otherwise would represent the coincident portion of the high-frequency signal. The code word W1 or W2 is recognized as a data bit representation at the receiver regardless of where it occurs in the bit stream. If a bit pattern identical with W1 or W2, but not representing a low-frequency data bit, should appear by change in the high-frequency digitized signal, such a bit pattern is altered prior to its transmission so that it will not be mistaken for a data bit at the receiver. The delta modulation process automatically is adjusted to compensate for: (1) any difference between the numerical weight of an introduced bit pattern W1 or W2 and the numerical weight of the bit pattern which it replaces, or (2) in the case of a bit pattern fortuitously identical with W1 or W2, the difference between the respective numerical weights of such a bit pattern before and after its alteration.

Inventors

  • 👤 P Franaszek

Bibliographic Details

Application Number —
Jurisdiction US
Data Source google_patents
Last Synchronized 2026-10-23 22:21
CPC Classifications
H; H04; H04B; H04B14/00; H04B14/02; H04B14/06; H04B14/062; H04B14/064; H04J; H04J3/00; H04J3/02; H04J3/12; H04J3/16

Claims Analysis

Total Claims: 16
Claim 1
Independent Claim 165 words
A method of communicating a digitized analog signal multiplexed with a digital information signal whose bit transmission frequency is on the average much lower than that of the digitized analog signal, said method comprising the steps of: a. generating a delta-modulated signal wherein the input analog signal is represented as a stream of bits occurring at high frequency; b. introducing at random times into said bit stream selected bit patterns which distinctively represent portions of said lowfrequency information signal, such introduced bit patterns replacing portions of said bit stream that otherwise would represent coincident parts of said analog signal; c. recognizing each of said introduced bit patterns, irrespective of where it occurs in the bit stream, as uniquely pertaining to said information signal; d. comparing the numerical weight of each introduced bit pattern with the numerical weight of the portion of the bit stream which it replaces; and e. modifying the delta modulation process of step a in accordance with the result of such comparison.
Claim 2
Independent Claim 165 words
A method of communicating a digitized analog signal multiplexed with a digital information signal whose bit transmission frequency is on the average much lower than that of the digitized analog signal, said method comprising the steps of: a. generating a delta-modulated signal wherein the input analog signal is represented as a stream of bits occurring at high frequency; b. introducing at random times into said bit stream selected bit patterns which distinctively represent portions of said lowfrequency information signal, such introduced bit patterns replacing portions of said bit stream that otherwise would represent coincident parts of said analog signal; c. recognizing each of said introduced bit patterns, irrespective of where it occurs in the bit stream, as uniquely pertaining to said information signal; d. comparing the numerical weight of each introduced bit pattern with the numerical weight of the portion of the bit stream which it replaces; and e. modifying the delta modulation process of step a in accordance with the result of such comparison.
Claim 3
Independent Claim 223 words
A method of communicating a digitized analog signal multiplexed with a digital information signal whose bit transmission frequency is on the average much lower than that of the digitized analog signal, said method comprising the steps of: a. generating a delta-modulated signal wherein the input analog signal is represented as a stream of bits occurring at high frequency; b. introducing at random times into said bit stream selected bit patterns which distinctively represent portions of said low-frequency information signal, such introduced bit patterns replacing portions of said bit stream that otherwise would represent coincident parts of said analog signal; c. recognizing each of said introduced bit patterns, irrespective of where it occurs in the bit stream, as uniquely pertaining to said information signal; d. detecting the presence in said bit stream, prior to its transmission, of a bit pattern identical with any of said selected bit patterns but which occurs at a time wHen no such bit pattern has been introduced into said bit stream by the performance of step b; e. altering such detected bit pattern so that when transmitted, it will not be identical with any of said selected bit patterns; and f. modifying the delta modulation process (step a ) in accordance with the difference between the respective numerical weights of the last-mentioned bit pattern before and after its alteration.
Claim 4
Independent Claim 223 words
A method of communicating a digitized analog signal multiplexed with a digital information signal whose bit transmission frequency is on the average much lower than that of the digitized analog signal, said method comprising the steps of: a. generating a delta-modulated signal wherein the input analog signal is represented as a stream of bits occurring at high frequency; b. introducing at random times into said bit stream selected bit patterns which distinctively represent portions of said low-frequency information signal, such introduced bit patterns replacing portions of said bit stream that otherwise would represent coincident parts of said analog signal; c. recognizing each of said introduced bit patterns, irrespective of where it occurs in the bit stream, as uniquely pertaining to said information signal; d. detecting the presence in said bit stream, prior to its transmission, of a bit pattern identical with any of said selected bit patterns but which occurs at a time wHen no such bit pattern has been introduced into said bit stream by the performance of step b; e. altering such detected bit pattern so that when transmitted, it will not be identical with any of said selected bit patterns; and f. modifying the delta modulation process (step a ) in accordance with the difference between the respective numerical weights of the last-mentioned bit pattern before and after its alteration.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim 198 words
In a communication system of the type wherein a digitized analog signal requiring a high bit transmission frequency is multiplexed with a digital information signal that requires on the average a much lower bit transmission frequency, the combination of: a. delta modulating means for generating a stream of bits occurring at high frequency to represent an input analog signal; b. means for introducing at random times into said bit stream selected bit patterns which distinctively represent portions of said low-frequency information signal, such introduced bit patterns replacing portions of said bit stream that otherwise would represent coincident parts of said analog signal; c. means for recognizing each of said introduced bit patterns, irrespective of where it occurs in the bit stream, as uniquely pertaining to said information signal; d. means for generating a correction signal according to the difference between the numerical weight of each bit pattern introduced by means b and the numerical weight of the portion of the bit stream which it replaces; and e. means applying said correction signal to said modulating means (a) for modifying the portion of the bit stream succeeding each introduced bit pattern, thereby to compensate for said difference in weights.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim 198 words
In a communication system of the type wherein a digitized analog signal requiring a high bit transmission frequency is multiplexed with a digital information signal that requires on the average a much lower bit transmission frequency, the combination of: a. delta modulating means for generating a stream of bits occurring at high frequency to represent an input analog signal; b. means for introducing at random times into said bit stream selected bit patterns which distinctively represent portions of said low-frequency information signal, such introduced bit patterns replacing portions of said bit stream that otherwise would represent coincident parts of said analog signal; c. means for recognizing each of said introduced bit patterns, irrespective of where it occurs in the bit stream, as uniquely pertaining to said information signal; d. means for generating a correction signal according to the difference between the numerical weight of each bit pattern introduced by means b and the numerical weight of the portion of the bit stream which it replaces; and e. means applying said correction signal to said modulating means (a) for modifying the portion of the bit stream succeeding each introduced bit pattern, thereby to compensate for said difference in weights.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim 227 words
In a communication system of the type wherein a digitized analog signal requiring a high bit transmission frequency is multiplexed with a digital information signal that requires on the average a much lower bit transmission frequency, the combination of: (a) delta modulating means for generating a stream of bits occurring at high frequency to represent an input analog signal; (b) means for introducing at random times into said bit stream selected bit patterns which distinctively represent portions of said low-frequency information signal, such introduced bit patterns replacing portions of said bit stream that otherwise would represent coincident parts of said analog signal; (c) means for recognizing each of said introduced bit patterns, irrespective of where it occurs in the bit stream, as uniquely pertaining to said information signal; (d) means operable at times when no bit pattern is being introduced into said bit stream by means b for detecting a bit pattern identical with any of said selected bit patterns in the part of said stream which is to be transmitted; (e) means for altering such detected bit pattern so that when transmitted, it will not be identical with any of said selected bit patterns; and f. means for modifying the operation of said delta modulating means in accordance with the difference between the respective numerical weights of each detected bit pattern before and after its alteration.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim 227 words
In a communication system of the type wherein a digitized analog signal requiring a high bit transmission frequency is multiplexed with a digital information signal that requires on the average a much lower bit transmission frequency, the combination of: (a) delta modulating means for generating a stream of bits occurring at high frequency to represent an input analog signal; (b) means for introducing at random times into said bit stream selected bit patterns which distinctively represent portions of said low-frequency information signal, such introduced bit patterns replacing portions of said bit stream that otherwise would represent coincident parts of said analog signal; (c) means for recognizing each of said introduced bit patterns, irrespective of where it occurs in the bit stream, as uniquely pertaining to said information signal; (d) means operable at times when no bit pattern is being introduced into said bit stream by means b for detecting a bit pattern identical with any of said selected bit patterns in the part of said stream which is to be transmitted; (e) means for altering such detected bit pattern so that when transmitted, it will not be identical with any of said selected bit patterns; and f. means for modifying the operation of said delta modulating means in accordance with the difference between the respective numerical weights of each detected bit pattern before and after its alteration.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim 302 words
Transmitting apparatus for generating a pulsed output signal to represent a first input signal whose amplitude is subject to high-frequency variations and a second input signal having pulsed amplitude variations that occur at random times and at a maximum frequency much lower than that of said first input signal, said apparatus comprising: a. a delta modulator for generating binary pulses at high frequency to represent the amplitude variations of said first input signal; b. an output line for the signal generated by said transmitting apparatus; c. storage means interposed between said delta modulator and said output line and normally effective to store as a binary sequence of given length the pulses generated by said delta modulator which are being passed to said output line; D. pulse pattern generating means controlled by said second input signal for supplying to said output line a pulse sequence of said given length having a distinctive binary pattern in response to each pulse of a given binary type which occurs in said second input signal; e. gating means effective whenever said output line is receiving pulses from said pulse pattern generator to prevent said line from receiving the pulses which coincidentally have passed through said storage means, thereby enabling the distinctive pulse pattern which represents the second signal pulse to replace a pulse pattern that otherwise would be supplied by said modulator to said output line; f. weight determining means for ascertaining the difference between the respective numerical weights of the pulse sequence supplied to said output line by said pulse pattern generating means and the pulse sequence that otherwise would have been supplied to said line from said modulator by way of said storage means; and g. weight correcting means for modifying the operation of said delta modulator in accordance with the weight differential thus ascertained.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim 302 words
Transmitting apparatus for generating a pulsed output signal to represent a first input signal whose amplitude is subject to high-frequency variations and a second input signal having pulsed amplitude variations that occur at random times and at a maximum frequency much lower than that of said first input signal, said apparatus comprising: a. a delta modulator for generating binary pulses at high frequency to represent the amplitude variations of said first input signal; b. an output line for the signal generated by said transmitting apparatus; c. storage means interposed between said delta modulator and said output line and normally effective to store as a binary sequence of given length the pulses generated by said delta modulator which are being passed to said output line; D. pulse pattern generating means controlled by said second input signal for supplying to said output line a pulse sequence of said given length having a distinctive binary pattern in response to each pulse of a given binary type which occurs in said second input signal; e. gating means effective whenever said output line is receiving pulses from said pulse pattern generator to prevent said line from receiving the pulses which coincidentally have passed through said storage means, thereby enabling the distinctive pulse pattern which represents the second signal pulse to replace a pulse pattern that otherwise would be supplied by said modulator to said output line; f. weight determining means for ascertaining the difference between the respective numerical weights of the pulse sequence supplied to said output line by said pulse pattern generating means and the pulse sequence that otherwise would have been supplied to said line from said modulator by way of said storage means; and g. weight correcting means for modifying the operation of said delta modulator in accordance with the weight differential thus ascertained.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim 325 words
Transmitting apparatus for generating a pulsed output signal to represent a first input signal whose amplitude is subject to high-frequency variations and a second input signal having pulsed amplitude variations that occur at random times and at a maximum frequency much lower than that of said first input signal, said apparatus comprising: a. a delta modulator for generating binary pulses at high frequency to represent the amplitude variations of said first input signal; b. an output line for the signal generated by said transmitting apparatus; c. storage means interposed between said delta modulator and said output line and normally effective to store as a binary sequence of given length the pulses generated by said delta modulator which are being passed to said output line; d. pulse pattern generating means controlled by said second input signal for supplying to said output line a pulse sequence of said given length having a distinctive binary pattern in response to each pulse of a given binary type which occurs in said second input signal; e. gating means effective whenever said output line is receiving pulses from said pulse pattern generator to prevent said line from receiving the pulses which coincidentally have passed through said storage means, thereby enabling the distinctive pulse pattern which represents the second signal pulse to replace a pulse pattern that otherwise would be supplied by said modulator to said output line; f. sensing means for detecting the presence in said storage means of a pulse sequence representation having a pattern identical with that of a pulse sequence that would be generated by said pulse pattern generating means; g. means controlled by said sensing means for altering the pattern of pulses stored in said storage means whenever such identity is found to exist; and h. weight correcting means for modifying the operation of said delta modulator in accordance with the difference between the respective numerical weights of said stored pulse pattern before and after its alteration.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim 325 words
Transmitting apparatus for generating a pulsed output signal to represent a first input signal whose amplitude is subject to high-frequency variations and a second input signal having pulsed amplitude variations that occur at random times and at a maximum frequency much lower than that of said first input signal, said apparatus comprising: a. a delta modulator for generating binary pulses at high frequency to represent the amplitude variations of said first input signal; b. an output line for the signal generated by said transmitting apparatus; c. storage means interposed between said delta modulator and said output line and normally effective to store as a binary sequence of given length the pulses generated by said delta modulator which are being passed to said output line; d. pulse pattern generating means controlled by said second input signal for supplying to said output line a pulse sequence of said given length having a distinctive binary pattern in response to each pulse of a given binary type which occurs in said second input signal; e. gating means effective whenever said output line is receiving pulses from said pulse pattern generator to prevent said line from receiving the pulses which coincidentally have passed through said storage means, thereby enabling the distinctive pulse pattern which represents the second signal pulse to replace a pulse pattern that otherwise would be supplied by said modulator to said output line; f. sensing means for detecting the presence in said storage means of a pulse sequence representation having a pattern identical with that of a pulse sequence that would be generated by said pulse pattern generating means; g. means controlled by said sensing means for altering the pattern of pulses stored in said storage means whenever such identity is found to exist; and h. weight correcting means for modifying the operation of said delta modulator in accordance with the difference between the respective numerical weights of said stored pulse pattern before and after its alteration.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim 299 words
Apparatus for transmitting a bit stream which represents in digital form a first input signal having high-frequency amplitude variations multiplexed with a second input signal having randomly timed amplitude variations representing bits that occur at a maximum frequency much lower than that of the bits representing said first input signal, said apparatus comprising: a. a delta modulator for generating bits at high frequency to represent the amplitude variations of said first input signal; b. an output line for transmitting the signal generated by said apparatus; c. a shift register interposed between said delta modulator and said output line for storing in sequence the bits generated by said delta modulator; d. data word generating means responsive to each bit of a gIven binary type which occurs in said second input signal for supplying to said output line a data word consisting of a bit sequence having a distinctive pattern to represent such an input bit; e. gating means interposed between said output line and the exit stage of said shift register, said gating means normally being effective to pass bits successively from said exit stage to said output line but preventing such passage while said output line is receiving a data word from said generating means d; f. weight determining means for ascertaining the difference between the numerical weight of each data word generated by means d and the numerical weight of the bit sequence of corresponding length stored in said shift register at the time when generation of said data word commences; and g. weight correction means for controlling the operation of said delta modulator in accordance with the weight differential ascertained by means f so that the portion of the transmitted bit stream which follows each data word is consistent with the waveform of said first input signal.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim 299 words
Apparatus for transmitting a bit stream which represents in digital form a first input signal having high-frequency amplitude variations multiplexed with a second input signal having randomly timed amplitude variations representing bits that occur at a maximum frequency much lower than that of the bits representing said first input signal, said apparatus comprising: a. a delta modulator for generating bits at high frequency to represent the amplitude variations of said first input signal; b. an output line for transmitting the signal generated by said apparatus; c. a shift register interposed between said delta modulator and said output line for storing in sequence the bits generated by said delta modulator; d. data word generating means responsive to each bit of a gIven binary type which occurs in said second input signal for supplying to said output line a data word consisting of a bit sequence having a distinctive pattern to represent such an input bit; e. gating means interposed between said output line and the exit stage of said shift register, said gating means normally being effective to pass bits successively from said exit stage to said output line but preventing such passage while said output line is receiving a data word from said generating means d; f. weight determining means for ascertaining the difference between the numerical weight of each data word generated by means d and the numerical weight of the bit sequence of corresponding length stored in said shift register at the time when generation of said data word commences; and g. weight correction means for controlling the operation of said delta modulator in accordance with the weight differential ascertained by means f so that the portion of the transmitted bit stream which follows each data word is consistent with the waveform of said first input signal.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim 303 words
Apparatus for transmitting a bit stream which represents in digital form a first input signal having high-frequency amplitude variations multiplexed with a second input signal having randomly timed amplitude variations representing bits that occur at a maximum frequency much lower than that of the bits representing said first input signal, said apparatus comprising: a. a delta modulator for generating bits at high frequency to represent the amplitude variations of said first input signal; b. an output line for transmitting the signal generated by said apparatus; c. a shift register interposed between said delta modulator and said output line for storing in sequence the bits generated by said delta modulator; d. data word generating means responsive to each bit of a given binary type which occurs in said second input signal for supplying to said output line a data word consisting of a bit sequence having a distinctive pattern to represent such an input bit; e. gating means interposed between said output line and the exit stage of said shift register, said gating means normally being effective to pass bits successively from said exit stage to said output line but preventing such passage while said output line is receiving a data word from said generating means d; f. sensing means for detecting the presence in said shift register of a bit sequence having a pattern identical with that of a data word of the type generated by means d; g. alteration means controlled by said sensing means for inverting at least one of the bit representations stored in said shift register when such identity is detected by said sensing means; and h. weight correcting means for modifying the operation of said delta modulator in accordance with the change in weight of the bit pattern stored in said shift register due to said bit inversion.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim 303 words
Apparatus for transmitting a bit stream which represents in digital form a first input signal having high-frequency amplitude variations multiplexed with a second input signal having randomly timed amplitude variations representing bits that occur at a maximum frequency much lower than that of the bits representing said first input signal, said apparatus comprising: a. a delta modulator for generating bits at high frequency to represent the amplitude variations of said first input signal; b. an output line for transmitting the signal generated by said apparatus; c. a shift register interposed between said delta modulator and said output line for storing in sequence the bits generated by said delta modulator; d. data word generating means responsive to each bit of a given binary type which occurs in said second input signal for supplying to said output line a data word consisting of a bit sequence having a distinctive pattern to represent such an input bit; e. gating means interposed between said output line and the exit stage of said shift register, said gating means normally being effective to pass bits successively from said exit stage to said output line but preventing such passage while said output line is receiving a data word from said generating means d; f. sensing means for detecting the presence in said shift register of a bit sequence having a pattern identical with that of a data word of the type generated by means d; g. alteration means controlled by said sensing means for inverting at least one of the bit representations stored in said shift register when such identity is detected by said sensing means; and h. weight correcting means for modifying the operation of said delta modulator in accordance with the change in weight of the bit pattern stored in said shift register due to said bit inversion.

References Cited (Backward Citations)

US3359372A Cited
US3491206A Cited
US3603737A Cited
US3586781A Cited

USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows

Annuity Stage Window Opens Payment Deadline Surcharge Period Until Estimated Fee Status
3.5 Years (Year 4) 1976-04-09 1976-10-09 1977-04-10 $2000.00 Window Closed / Lapsed
7.5 Years (Year 8) 1980-04-09 1980-10-09 1981-04-10 $3760.00 Window Closed / Lapsed
11.5 Years (Year 12) 1984-04-09 1984-10-09 1985-04-10 $7700.00 Window Closed / Lapsed

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