Patent US3716456A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US3716456A
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Anion monitoring system
Assignee: Corning Glass Works
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Filing: 1971-05-14
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Granted: 1973-02-13
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Expires: 1991-05-14
Abstract
Abstract Continuous-flow monitoring system for determining the concentration of anions in an aqueous solution. The system is based on the inhibition by the anion of the enzymatic hydrolysis of an ester of the anion. Specific methods for determining the concentrations of inorganic phosphate and sulfate are disclosed.
Inventors
- 👤 H Weetall
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-08 04:51
CPC Classifications
G; G01; G01N; G01N31/00; G01N33/00; G01N33/18; G01N33/182; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S435/00; Y10S435/808
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 31
Claim 1
Independent Claim
183 words
A method for determining the concentration of an anion in an aqueous solution comprising the steps of: a. mixing a known volume of the aqueous solution with a known amount of an anion ester of the formula R-X wherein R represents an organic group and X represents the anion and R-X is able to enzymatically hydrolyze to a known amount of major hydrolysis product (R-OH), the amount of which can be determined photometrically; b. photometrically determining the amount of non-enzymatic major hydrolysis product (R-OH) in said mixture; c. contacting the mixture with an esterase which will hydrolyze the R-X; d. photometrically determining the amount of major hydrolysis product (R-OH) in the mixture after the contact; and e. relating the respective amounts of R-OH determined in steps (b) and (d) to the known amount of R-OH which would have been enzymatically produced in the absence of the anion to determine the percent hydrolysis of R-X to R-OH that is attributable to the esterase in the presence of the anion and relating the percent hydrolysis to known data which relates percent hydrolysis to anion concentration.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
183 words
A method for determining the concentration of an anion in an aqueous solution comprising the steps of: a. mixing a known volume of the aqueous solution with a known amount of an anion ester of the formula R-X wherein R represents an organic group and X represents the anion and R-X is able to enzymatically hydrolyze to a known amount of major hydrolysis product (R-OH), the amount of which can be determined photometrically; b. photometrically determining the amount of non-enzymatic major hydrolysis product (R-OH) in said mixture; c. contacting the mixture with an esterase which will hydrolyze the R-X; d. photometrically determining the amount of major hydrolysis product (R-OH) in the mixture after the contact; and e. relating the respective amounts of R-OH determined in steps (b) and (d) to the known amount of R-OH which would have been enzymatically produced in the absence of the anion to determine the percent hydrolysis of R-X to R-OH that is attributable to the esterase in the presence of the anion and relating the percent hydrolysis to known data which relates percent hydrolysis to anion concentration.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
59 words
The method, as claimed in claim 1, wherein the determination of the anion concentration is made by determining from steps (b) and (d) the percent hydrolysis of R-X to R-OH attributable to the esterase in the presence of the anion, and relating the reciprocal of that percent hydrolysis to the concentration of the anion present in the aqueous solution.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method, as claimed in claim 1, wherein the esterase of step (c) is insolubilized.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method, as claimed in claim 3, wherein the esterase is insolubilized by bonding to an organic carrier.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method, as claimed in claim 3, wherein the esterase is insolubilized by bonding to an inorganic carrier.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method, as claimed in claim 5, wherein the esterase is insolubilized by bonding to porous glass.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method, as claimed in claim 1, wherein the anion measured is phosphate, the ester hydrolyzed is p-nitrophenyl-phosphate, and the esterase used is alkaline phosphatase.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method, as claimed in claim 7, wherein the alkaline phosphatase is insolubilized by bonding to porous glass.
Claim 10
Independent Claim
118 words
A method for determining the concentration of inorganic phosphate in an aqueous solution comprising the steps of: a. mixing a known volume of the aqueous solution with a known amount of p-nitrophenyl phosphate; b. spectrophotometrically determining the amount of p-nitrophenol in the mixture; c. contacting the mixture with alkaline phosphatase; d. spectrophotometrically determining the amount of p-nitrophenol in the mixture after the contact of (c); and e. relating the determinations of steps (b) and (d) to the maximum amount of R-OH that could have been produced in the absence of any inorganic phosphate to determine the percent hydrolysis to R-OH, and relating the reciprocal of the percent hydrolysis to the concentration of inorganic phosphate in the aqueous solution.
Claim 11
Independent Claim
118 words
A method for determining the concentration of inorganic phosphate in an aqueous solution comprising the steps of: a. mixing a known volume of the aqueous solution with a known amount of p-nitrophenyl phosphate; b. spectrophotometrically determining the amount of p-nitrophenol in the mixture; c. contacting the mixture with alkaline phosphatase; d. spectrophotometrically determining the amount of p-nitrophenol in the mixture after the contact of (c); and e. relating the determinations of steps (b) and (d) to the maximum amount of R-OH that could have been produced in the absence of any inorganic phosphate to determine the percent hydrolysis to R-OH, and relating the reciprocal of the percent hydrolysis to the concentration of inorganic phosphate in the aqueous solution.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method, as claimed in claim 9, wherein the alkaline phosphatase is insolubilized.
Claim 13
Independent Claim
119 words
A method for determining the concentration of phosphate in a natural body of water which comprises the steps of: a. filtering a portion of the water; b. removing heavy metal ions from the water by ion exchange means; c. deactivating any proteins present in the water; d. converting non-orthophosphates present in the water to orthophosphates; e. mixing a known volume of the water with a known amount of p-nitrophenyl phosphate; f. photometrically determining the amount of p-nitro-phenol in the water; g. contacting the water with alkaline phosphatAse; h. photometrically determining the amount of p-nitrophenyl in the water; and i. determining the percent enzymatic hydrolysis that has occurred and relating the reciprocal of the percent hydrolysis to the phosphate concentration.
Claim 14
Independent Claim
119 words
A method for determining the concentration of phosphate in a natural body of water which comprises the steps of: a. filtering a portion of the water; b. removing heavy metal ions from the water by ion exchange means; c. deactivating any proteins present in the water; d. converting non-orthophosphates present in the water to orthophosphates; e. mixing a known volume of the water with a known amount of p-nitrophenyl phosphate; f. photometrically determining the amount of p-nitro-phenol in the water; g. contacting the water with alkaline phosphatAse; h. photometrically determining the amount of p-nitrophenyl in the water; and i. determining the percent enzymatic hydrolysis that has occurred and relating the reciprocal of the percent hydrolysis to the phosphate concentration.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
16 words
The method, as claimed in claim 11, wherein the conversion of step (d) is accomplished enzymatically.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
14 words
The method, as claimed in claim 12, wherein the enzyme used is alkaline phosphatase.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method, as claimed in claim 13, wherein the alkaline phosphatase is insolubilized.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method, as claimed in claim 14, wherein the alkaline phosphatase is insolubilized by bonding to porous glass.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method as claimed in claim 11, wherein the alkaline phosphatase is insolubilized by bonding to an inorganic carrier.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method, as claimed in claim 16, wherein the alkaline phosphatase is insolubilized by bonding to porous glass.
Claim 21
Independent Claim
113 words
A method for determining the concentration of sulfate in an aqueous solution comprising the steps of: a. mixing a known volume of the aqueous solution with a known amount of p-nitrophenylsulfate; b. spectrophotometrically determining the amount of p-nitrophenol in the mixture; c. contacting the mixture with arylsulfatase; d. spectrophotometrically determining the amount of p-nitrophenol in the mixture after the contact of (c); e. relating the determinations of steps (b) and (d) to the maximum amount of p-nitrophenol that could have been produced in the absence of any sulfate to determine the percent enzymatic hydrolysis to p-nitrophenol, and relating the reciprocal of the percent hydrolysis to the concentration of sulfate in the aqueous solution.
Claim 22
Independent Claim
113 words
A method for determining the concentration of sulfate in an aqueous solution comprising the steps of: a. mixing a known volume of the aqueous solution with a known amount of p-nitrophenylsulfate; b. spectrophotometrically determining the amount of p-nitrophenol in the mixture; c. contacting the mixture with arylsulfatase; d. spectrophotometrically determining the amount of p-nitrophenol in the mixture after the contact of (c); e. relating the determinations of steps (b) and (d) to the maximum amount of p-nitrophenol that could have been produced in the absence of any sulfate to determine the percent enzymatic hydrolysis to p-nitrophenol, and relating the reciprocal of the percent hydrolysis to the concentration of sulfate in the aqueous solution.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method, as claimed in claim 18, wherein the arylsulfatase is insolubilized.
Claim 24
Independent Claim
89 words
An apparatus for determining the concentration of inorganic phosphate in an aqueous solution and comprising in combination: a. means for receiving an aqueous solution, determining its optical density, and discharging a solution; b. a container containing a composite consisting essentially of insolubilized phosphatase; said container adapted to receive a discharged solution from (a) and adapted to permit intimate contact of said discharged solution with the composite; c. means for discharging the solution from the container of (b); and d. means for determining the optical density of said discharged solution.
Claim 25
Independent Claim
89 words
An apparatus for determining the concentration of inorganic phosphate in an aqueous solution and comprising in combination: a. means for receiving an aqueous solution, determining its optical density, and discharging a solution; b. a container containing a composite consisting essentially of insolubilized phosphatase; said container adapted to receive a discharged solution from (a) and adapted to permit intimate contact of said discharged solution with the composite; c. means for discharging the solution from the container of (b); and d. means for determining the optical density of said discharged solution.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
20 words
The apparatus, as claimed in claim 20, wherein the contained composite of (b) is alkaline phosphatase bonded to porous glass.
Claim 27
Independent Claim
88 words
An apparatus for determining the concentration of sulfate in an aqueous solution and comprising in combination: a. means for receiving an aqueous solution, determining its optical density, and discharging a solution; b. a container containing a composite consisting essentially of insolubilized arylsulfatase; said container adapted to receive a discharged solution from (a) and adapted to permit intimate contact of said discharged solution with the composite; c. means for discharging the solution from the container of (b); and d. means for determining the optical density of said discharged solution.
Claim 28
Independent Claim
88 words
An apparatus for determining the concentration of sulfate in an aqueous solution and comprising in combination: a. means for receiving an aqueous solution, determining its optical density, and discharging a solution; b. a container containing a composite consisting essentially of insolubilized arylsulfatase; said container adapted to receive a discharged solution from (a) and adapted to permit intimate contact of said discharged solution with the composite; c. means for discharging the solution from the container of (b); and d. means for determining the optical density of said discharged solution.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
19 words
The apparatus, as claimed in claim 22, wherein the contained composite of (b) is arylsulfatase bonded to porous glass.
Claim 30
Independent Claim
122 words
An apparatus for determining the concentration of an anion X in an aqueous solution which anion is capable for forming an inorganic ester of the formula R-X which can be hydrolyzed to a photometrically determinable hydrolysis product R-OH, the apparatus comprising in combination: a. means for receiving an aqueous solution, determining its optical density, and discharging the solution; b. a container containing a composite consisting essentially of an insolubilized esterase which can hydrolyze the ester R-X; said container adapted to receive a discharged solution from (a) and adapted to permit intimate contact of said discharged solution with the composite; c. means for discharging thE solution from the container of (b); and d. means for determining the optical density of the discharged solution.
Claim 31
Independent Claim
122 words
An apparatus for determining the concentration of an anion X in an aqueous solution which anion is capable for forming an inorganic ester of the formula R-X which can be hydrolyzed to a photometrically determinable hydrolysis product R-OH, the apparatus comprising in combination: a. means for receiving an aqueous solution, determining its optical density, and discharging the solution; b. a container containing a composite consisting essentially of an insolubilized esterase which can hydrolyze the ester R-X; said container adapted to receive a discharged solution from (a) and adapted to permit intimate contact of said discharged solution with the composite; c. means for discharging thE solution from the container of (b); and d. means for determining the optical density of the discharged solution.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
No citation records indexed.
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1976-02-13 | 1976-08-14 | 1977-02-13 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1980-02-13 | 1980-08-14 | 1981-02-13 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1984-02-13 | 1984-08-14 | 1985-02-13 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |