Double pass coaxial cylinder analyzer with retarding spherical grids

Claim 2

An analyzer for determining the energy distribution of charged particles being emitted from a source, comprising: a. first and second metallic cylinders, the first of said cylinders having an outer diameter less than that of the inner diameter of the second cylinder and being positioned interior to the second cylinder, each of said cylinders having a common axis; b. disc-shaped aperture means positioned interior to and intermediate the ends of said first cylinder in a plane generally perpendicular to said axis and dividing said analyzer into first and second stages, said disc having an opening therethrough at said axis, the opening defining the source of charged particles for said second stage; c. said first cylinder defining a plurality of annularly spaced openings near each end of each stage of said first cylinder; d. a retarding grid arrangement including first and second spherical section shaped screens positioned adjacent a first end of said first cylinder, said screens being spaced from one another and having a common center of symmetry at the source of charged particles and along said axis, said screens being in electrical isolation from one another, the second of said screens being in electrical contact with said first cylinder; e. means for applying an electrical potential between said first screen and said second screen and for maintaining a predetermined potential between said first and second cylinders; and f. charged particle detecting means positioned at the opposite end of said first cylinder.

Claim 3

An analyzer in accordance with claim 1 wherein said cylinders are held in spaced relation by annular electrically insulating spacers positioned at each end of the cylinders and at a point midway along the length thereof.

Claim 4

An analyzer in accordance with claim 2 wherein the surfaces of the spacers facing the interior space intermediate the first and second cylinders are coated with a high resistance conductive material which is in electrical contact with each of said cylinders.

Claim 5

An analyzer in accordance with claim 3 wherein the conductive coating includes a plurality of annular relatively high conductivity rings concentric with said axis to provide a plurality of equi-potential regions in said conductive coating.

Claim 6

An analyzer in accordance with claim 1 wherein the screens forming the retarding grid are spaced about 0.1 inches apart.

Claim 7

An analyzer in accordance with claim 4 wherein the screens are formed from line wire of about 100 lines per inch and about 80 percent transparency.

Claim 8

An electron spectroscopy chemical analysis system comprising: a. first and second metallic cylinders, the first of said cylinders having an outer diameter less than that of the inner diameter of the second cylinder and being positioned interior to the second cylinder, each of said cylinders having a common axis; b. disc-shaped aperture means positioned interior to and intermediate the ends along the length of said first cylinder in a plane perpendicular to said axis and dividing said analyzer into first and second stages, said disc having an opening at said axis, the opening definiNg the source of charged particles for said second stage; c. said first cylinder defining a plurality of annularly spaced openings near each end of each stage of said first cylinder; d. a retarding grid arrangement including first and second spherical section shaped screens positioned adjacent the first end of said first cylinder, said screens being spaced from one another and having a common center of symmetry along said axis, said screens being in electrical isolation from one another, the second of said screens being in electrical contact with said first cylinder; e. means for positioning a sample to be analyzed so that a portion thereof is along said axis and at the center of symmetry of said screens; f. X-ray source means arranged to direct a beam of X-rays onto said sample to be analyzed; g. means for applying electrical potential between said first screen and said second screen and for maintaining constant predetermined potential between said first and second cylinders; and h. electron detecting means positioned at the opposite end of said first cylinder.

Claim 9

An electron spectroscopy chemical analysis system comprising: a. first and second metallic cylinders, the first of said cylinders having an outer diameter less than that of the inner diameter of the second cylinder and being positioned interior to the second cylinder, each of said cylinders having a common axis; b. disc-shaped aperture means positioned interior to and intermediate the ends along the length of said first cylinder in a plane perpendicular to said axis and dividing said analyzer into first and second stages, said disc having an opening at said axis, the opening definiNg the source of charged particles for said second stage; c. said first cylinder defining a plurality of annularly spaced openings near each end of each stage of said first cylinder; d. a retarding grid arrangement including first and second spherical section shaped screens positioned adjacent the first end of said first cylinder, said screens being spaced from one another and having a common center of symmetry along said axis, said screens being in electrical isolation from one another, the second of said screens being in electrical contact with said first cylinder; e. means for positioning a sample to be analyzed so that a portion thereof is along said axis and at the center of symmetry of said screens; f. X-ray source means arranged to direct a beam of X-rays onto said sample to be analyzed; g. means for applying electrical potential between said first screen and said second screen and for maintaining constant predetermined potential between said first and second cylinders; and h. electron detecting means positioned at the opposite end of said first cylinder.