Alkyds of unsaturated dibasic acids, polyols, and unsaturated fatty acid esters and method for making same: emulsion copolymerization of said alkyds with polymerizable monomers and the resulting polymers

Claim 1

The method of claim 1 in which in addition to the unsaturated dibasic acid material there is an amount of phthalic acid or phthalic anhydride smaller than that of said acid material.

Claim 11

The method of preparing an improved copolymer of a vinyl monomer and an alkyd, which comprises: a. partially alcoholizing an unsaturated fatty acid ester with a polyhydroxylalcohol, b. reacting the resulting partial ester with an unsaturated dibasic acidic material chosen from the group consisting of maleic acid, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid and itaconic acid at a reaction temperature not exceeding 350* F. sufficient to form an alkyd of said ester and said acidic material, so as to prevent substantial linking together of the double bond in the dibasic acid material and the double bonds of the partial ester, c. reacting the resulting alkyd at a temperature of from about 32* F. to about 131* F. with vinylic monomer by redox reaction while in an aqueous emulsion, and d. recovering the resulting copolymer from the emulsion.

Claim 14

The method of preparing an improved copolymer of a vinyl monomer and an alkyd, which comprises: a. partially esterifying an unsaturated fatty acid with an excess of polyhydroxyalcohol, b. reacting the resulting partial ester with an unsaturated dibasic acidic material chosen from the group consisting of maleic acid, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid and itaconic acid at a reaction temperature not exceeding 350* F. sufficient to form an alkyd of said ester and said acidic material, so as to prevent substantial linking together of the double bond in the dibasic acid material and the double bonds of the partial ester, c. reacting the resulting alkyd at a temperature of from about 32* F. to about 131* F. with vinylic monomer by redox reaction while in an aqueous emulsion, and d. recovering the resulting copolymer from the emulsion.

Claim 15

The method of preparing an improved copolymer of a vinyl monomer and an alkyd, which comprises: a. heating an unsaturated dibasic acid material chosen from the group consisting of maleic acid, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid and itaconic acid with the partial ester of (1) a polyol and (2) an unsaturated fatty acid or unsaturated fatty acid ester to a temperature not exceeding 350* F. sufficient to cause said dibasic material to react with said partial ester to form an alkyd and water, b. removing water formed during the reaction and continuing heating until reaction is complete, c. adding the resulting alkyd to an aqueous emulsion of a vinyl monomer while maintaining an emulsified condition, d. adding to the emulsion sufficient peroxide to initiate a redox reaction of copolymerization at a temperature of from about 32* F. to about 131* F. between the nonaqueous constituents of said emulsion, and e. adding to the emulsion in small increments sufficient sodium sulfoxylate formaldehyde to maintain the copolymerization at temperatures below about 130* F. until reaction is substantially complete.

Claim 17

The method of forming an alkyd from unsaturated fatty acids and dibasic acids, useful in the production of high-molecular weIght copolymers, which comprises: a. partially alcoholizing an unsaturated fatty acid ester with a polyhydroxylalcohol, b. mixing the resulting partial ester with an approximately stoichiometric amount of an unsaturated dibasic acid material chosen from the group consisting of maleic acid, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid and itaconic acid, and c. heating the resulting mixture to a temperature not substantially in excess of 350* F. sufficient to cause said partial ester to react with said acid material while not linking together, in substantial amount, the double bond of the dibasic acid material and the double bonds of the partial ester.

Claim 19

The method of forming an alkyd from unsaturated fatty acids and dibasic acids, useful in the production of high-molecular weight copolymers, which comprises: a. partially esterifying an unsaturated fatty acid with an excess of polyhydroxyalcohol, b. mixing the resulting partial ester with an approximately stoichiometric amount of an unsaturated dibasic acid material chosen from the group consisting of maleic acid, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid and itaconic acid, and c. heating the resulting mixture to a temperature not substantially in excess of 350* F. sufficient to cause said partial ester to react with said acid material without substantially linking together the double bond of said dibasic acid material with the double bonds of the partial ester.

Claim 21

The method of preparing an alkyd useful in the production of high-molecular weight copolymers with vinylic monomers, which comprises: a. heating a mixture of about 2 to 5 parts of an unsaturated fatty oil and about 1 part of a polyalcohol in the absence of air at a temperature and for a time sufficient to raise the boiling point of the mixture to about 450* F., in the absence of substantial evaporation loss, b. adding about 1 to 3 parts of an unsaturated dibasic acidic material chosen from the group consisting of maleic acid, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid and itaconic acid and cooling the resulting mixture below about 350* F., and c. maintaining the temperature at about 350* F., while fractionating off water of esterification, until esterification is substantially complete, so that there is no substantial linking together of the double bond of the dibasic acid material and the double bonds of the product of step a.