Patent US3609359A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US3609359A
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X-ray image intensifier with electron michrochannels and electron multiplying means
Assignee: RICHARD A FOTLAND
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Filing: 1969-01-08
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Granted: 1971-09-28
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Expires: 1989-01-08
Abstract
Abstract An apparatus for the amplification of X-ray images which comprises a layered structure which can be adapted to fit in the usual cassette and having an X-ray-sensitive film composition in close proximity to a multiplying layer, which achieves its multiplication through the formation and acceleration of electrons and/or ions or charged particles as a consequence of direct or filtered impact of X-rays on such layered structure which includes the multiplying layer.
Inventors
- 👤 Eugene Wainer
- 👤 Richard A Fotland
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-26 07:04
CPC Classifications
G; G01; G01T; G01T1/00; G01T1/29; G01T1/2914; G01T1/2921; G01T1/2935
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 41
Claim 1
Independent Claim
31 words
The X-ray image intensifier of claim 1 including a source of potential connected to said first means so as to provide an electric field extending across the X-ray image intensifying device.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
5 words
cooling to room temperature; and
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
5 words
cooling to room temperature; and
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
19 words
replacing the gas in said channels with an atmosphere consisting of about 98 percent nitrogen and 2 percent methane.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method of claim 36 wherein the product is washed and then dried and then fired in an atmosphere containing hydrogen sulfide.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
13 words
removing the gas from said channels by exposing said pores to a vacuum.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
32 words
The X-ray image intensifier of claim 1 including in addition, an insulating film base supporting said photoreceptor, and an electrically conductive layer on the side of said base opposite to said photoreceptor.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
17 words
The X-ray image intensifier of claim 1 wherein the first means is a thin sheet of metal.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
37 words
The X-ray image intensifier of claim 1 wherein the first means is a thin layer in which particles selected from the group consisting of lead, bismuth, uranium, thorium and their oxides are dispersed in a film-forming plastic.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
26 words
The X-ray image intensifier of claim 5 in which the dispersed particles constitute between 20 percent by volume and 50 percent by volume of said layer.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
30 words
The device of claim 1 wherein said second means is a gas-containing region disposed between said first means and said photoreceptor and said first means is spaced from said photoreceptor.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
19 words
The device of claim 1 wherein there are microchannels extending through the second means and to the photoreceptor layer.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
46 words
The device of claim 8 wherein the second means is a channelled layer having pores 0.5 to 2 microns in diameter and the distance between pores is not more than 50 percent of diameter of individual pores, the layer being between 25 and 50 microns thick.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
23 words
The device of claim 1 wherein the second means is a layer including up to 50 percent by volume of lead oxide particles.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
22 words
The device of claim 1 wherein the second means comprises a mixture of lead oxide particles and glass microspheres dispersed in polystyrene.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
20 words
The device of claim 1 wherein the second means comprises a dispersion of lead oxide particles dispersed in synthetic polymer.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
32 words
The device of claim 12 wherein the second means also contains 5-20 percent by weight of a halide selected from the group consisting of alkali metal halides and alkaline earth metal halides.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
23 words
The device of claim 8 wherein the second means is a high lead glass layer with microchannels extending between first means and photoreceptor.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
21 words
The device of claim 8 wherein said second means is a matrix of aluminum oxide containing a plurality of straight-sided microchannels.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
51 words
The device of claim 1 wherein the first means is a thin sheet of metal, the second means is a thin layer with straight-sided microchannels extending through said layer from said first means to said photoreceptive layer and the second means is sandwiched between said first means and said photoreceptive layer.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
51 words
The device of claim 8 wherein said second means is an anodized layer wherein the pores of the anodized layer have been increased in size by etching after initial formation by anodizing to give a pore size 0.1 to 0.8 microns and an open-to-closed ratio between 30 percent and 70 percent.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
34 words
The device of claim 17 wherein the pore size is from 0.2 to 0.5 microns, the layer is between about 25 to about 50 microns thick and the open-to-closed ratio is about 50 percent.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
20 words
The device of claim 17 including a layer of an X-ray absorbent material coated on the walls of said pores.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
35 words
The device of claim 19 wherein the X-ray absorbent material is an oxide of a metal selected from the group consisting of Pb, Bi, Th and U and the layer is about 0.05 microns thick.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
16 words
The device of claim 1 including an electrode disposed between said second means and said photoreceptor.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
30 words
The device of claim 2 including an electrode disposed between said second means and said photoreceptor and a second source of potential connected across only a portion of the device.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
20 words
The device of claim 22 wherein the second source of potential is connected between said electrode and saiD first means.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
44 words
The device of claim 21 wherein a first source of potential is connected to the electrode and to one outer face of said device and a second source of potential is connected to the electrode and to the opposite outer face of said device.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
56 words
The device of claim 1 comprising the following arrangement of layers: a. electrode layer to absorb radiation b. layer to transform and to multiply the transformed radiation c. photoreceptive layer d. electrode layer e. poorly insulating base layer and a source of potential connects layer (a) with layer (d) and layer (e) is connected to ground.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
56 words
The device of claim 1 comprising the following arrangement of layers: a. electrode layer to absorb radiation b. layer to transform and to multiply the transformed radiation c. photoreceptive layer d. poorly insulating base layer e. electrode layer and a source of potential connects layer (a) with layer (d) and layer (e) is connected to ground.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
137 words
In a method of forming a multiplying layer for an X-ray image intensifying device, the improvements which comprise: providing a clean aluminum foil; anodically etching said foil in an oxalic acid bath at anodizing potentials between 100 and 300 volts and at 5 to 15 amperes per square decimeter to produce a porous oxide surface on said foil, said surface being between about 2 and 3 mils thick and having a large number of channels extending through said layer from the outer surface to the foil base; and increasing the porosity of said surface by further etching same to increase the diameter of said channels to between about 0.1 and 0.8 microns; the resulting product being a layer with straight sided microchannels on a solid base of sufficient thickness to maintain the structural integrity of the product.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
38 words
The method of claim 27 including, in addition, the step of lining the channels in the layer resulting from said further etching with a compound of a member of the group consisting of lead, bismuth, thorium and uranium.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
35 words
The method of claim 27 including, in addition, the step of lining the channels in the layer resulting from said further etching with a mixture containing an X-ray absorber and a secondary emitter of electrons.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method including, in addition, the following subsequent treatment of the product of claim 27:
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method including, in addition, the following subsequent treatment of the product of claim 27:
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
29 words
The method of claim 28 wherein the channel-lining material contains a small amount of material selected from the group consisting of alkali metal compounds and alkaline earth metal compounds.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
107 words
The method of claim 28 wherein, after etching to provide a microchannel size of between about 0.5 and 0.6 microns in diameter and an open-to-closed ratio of between about 50 and 70 percent, the microchannels are impregnated with a solution containing an acetate of a metal selected from the group consisting of lead, bismuth, thorium, and uranium and material selected from the group consisting of alkali metal compounds and alkaline earth metal compounds, and then heated to provide a uniform layer of lining said microchannels, the heating of the impregnated layer being at about 150* C. for 30 minutes and then at 500* C. for 30 minutes.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method of claim 32 wherein the heatinG is at about 150* C. for 30 minutes and then at 500* C. for 30 minutes.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
69 words
The method of claim 28 wherein, after etching to provide a microchannel size of between about 0.5 and 0.6 microns in diameter and an open-to-closed ratio of between about 50 and 70 percent, the microchannels are impregnated with a solution of acetate of a metal selected from the group consisting of lead, bismuth, thorium and uranium and then heated to provide a uniform layer of oxide lining said microchannels.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
53 words
The method of claim 35 wherein the solution is a nonaqueous solution containing an acetate of a metal selected from the group consisting of lead, bismuth, thorium and uranium, thiourea and an alkali metal hydroxide dissolved in an alcohol, and wherein the solution deposits a film of heavy metal sulfide inside the microchannels.
Claim 41
Independent Claim
154 words
A method of making an X-ray image intensifier which comprises: forming a thin sheet consisting of a mixture of an oxide of a metal selected from the group consisting of lead, bismuth, thorium and uranium and a halide selected from the group consisting of alkali metal halides and alkaline earth metal halides, uniformly dispersed in a synthetic polymer matrix; applying a resist to said sheet; photoetching said sheet to develop microchannels extending through said sheet; washing off the resist and enlarging the holes by applying a solvent to said sheet, so as to produce a sheet about 2 mils thick through which pores about 0.6 microns in diameter extend, the amount of pores being such that the open-to-closed area is about 50-70 percent; and laminating a thin metal sheet to one side of the resulting porous sheet and a photosensitive layer and another thin metal sheet to the other side of said porous sheet.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
No citation records indexed.
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1974-09-27 | 1975-03-29 | 1975-09-28 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1978-09-27 | 1979-03-29 | 1979-09-28 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1982-09-27 | 1983-03-29 | 1983-09-28 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |