Frequency multiplier

Claim 2

Apparatus for multiplying the frequency of an input signal by an integer greater than one comprising, a. a first metallic bar of a length between one-eighth and onesixth of a wavelength at said input signal''s frequency, b. a second metallic bar of a length between one-eighth and onesixth of a wavelength at said input signal''s frequency and spaced a given distance from said first bar, c. means including tuning capacitors for coupling said first and second bars in a configuration capable of supporting coupled transverse electromagnetic modes at said input signal''s frequency, and d. at least two variable reactance devices coupled to said second metallic bar and responsive to said transverse electromagnetic mode of said input signal to produce substantially equal power signals 180* out of phase with respect to one another at an integer-multiplied frequency.

Claim 3

The apparatus in accordance with claim 1 wherein a. the variable reactance devices are varactor diodes each having a constant junction capacity characteristic from zero volts across their junction to at least negative 60 volts.

Claim 4

A multiplier for increasing the frequency by an integer greater than one of an input signal, comprising: a. first and second variable reactance devices each having two terminals, b. a substrate of dielectric material having a relatively wide planar conductor on one surface of the substrate, c. a first metallic bar positioned on a second surface of said substrate opposite said one surface and coupled at one end to one terminal of said first variable reactance device and at its other end to one terminal of said second vAriable reactance device, d. means for coupling the other terminal of said variable reactance devices to a point of reference potential, e. a second metallic bar responsive to said input signal positioned lengthwise to said first bar and on said second surface of said substrate and separated from said first bar at a distance to cause said first and second bars in conjunction with said wider planar conductor to form a coupled transverse electromagnetic mode electromagnetic wave supporting structure at said input signal frequency, and f. tuning means coupled to said first and second bars responsive to said electromagnetic wave at said input signal frequency to cause said variable reactance devices to produce a constant power output at a multiplied integer of said input signal frequency.

Claim 5

A multiplier for increasing the frequency by an integer greater than one of an input signal, comprising: a. first and second variable reactance devices each having two terminals, b. a substrate of dielectric material having a relatively wide planar conductor on one surface of the substrate, c. a first metallic bar positioned on a second surface of said substrate opposite said one surface and coupled at one end to one terminal of said first variable reactance device and at its other end to one terminal of said second vAriable reactance device, d. means for coupling the other terminal of said variable reactance devices to a point of reference potential, e. a second metallic bar responsive to said input signal positioned lengthwise to said first bar and on said second surface of said substrate and separated from said first bar at a distance to cause said first and second bars in conjunction with said wider planar conductor to form a coupled transverse electromagnetic mode electromagnetic wave supporting structure at said input signal frequency, and f. tuning means coupled to said first and second bars responsive to said electromagnetic wave at said input signal frequency to cause said variable reactance devices to produce a constant power output at a multiplied integer of said input signal frequency.

Claim 6

Apparatus for multiplying the frequency of an input signal comprising: a. a first metallic bar and a wider planar conductor, said first bar spaced from said wider planar conductor and having a length between one-eighth and one-sixth of a wavelength at said input signal frequency, b. tuning means coupled at each end of said first bar for providing with said first bar a resonant circuit at said input signal frequency, c. a second metallic bar spaced from said wider planar conductor and having a length between one-eighth and one-sixth of a wavelength at said input signal frequency, said second bar positioned with respect to said first bar to form a transverse electromagnetic mode electromagnetic wave coupling structure at said input signal frequency, d. first and second varactor diodes each having an anode and cathode, the anode of said first diode coupled to one end of said second bar and the anode of said second diode coupled to the other end of said second bar, e. means for coupling said cathodes of said first and second varactor diodes to a point of reference potential, f. tuning means coupled to said second bar for providing a resonant circuit with said second bar at the multiplied frequency, said tuning means including at least one capacitor coupled to the center of said second bar for providing a constant output power at said multiplied frequency.

Claim 7

Apparatus for multiplying the frequency of an input signal comprising: a. a first metallic bar and a wider planar conductor, said first bar spaced from said wider planar conductor and having a length between one-eighth and one-sixth of a wavelength at said input signal frequency, b. tuning means coupled at each end of said first bar for providing with said first bar a resonant circuit at said input signal frequency, c. a second metallic bar spaced from said wider planar conductor and having a length between one-eighth and one-sixth of a wavelength at said input signal frequency, said second bar positioned with respect to said first bar to form a transverse electromagnetic mode electromagnetic wave coupling structure at said input signal frequency, d. first and second varactor diodes each having an anode and cathode, the anode of said first diode coupled to one end of said second bar and the anode of said second diode coupled to the other end of said second bar, e. means for coupling said cathodes of said first and second varactor diodes to a point of reference potential, f. tuning means coupled to said second bar for providing a resonant circuit with said second bar at the multiplied frequency, said tuning means including at least one capacitor coupled to the center of said second bar for providing a constant output power at said multiplied frequency.

Claim 8

Apparatus for multiplying the frequency of an input signal by an integer greater than one, comprising: first and second varactor diodes each having a cathode and anode terminal, a relatively wide planar conductor, a first metallic bar spaced from said relatively wide planar conductor and dimensioned in length between one-eighth and one-sixth of a wavelength at said frequency of said input signal, said first bar coupled at one end to the anode of said first varactor diode and at its other end to the anode of said second varactor diode, means for coupling the cathodes of said varactor diodes to a point of reference potential, a second metallic bar spaced from said relatively wide planar conductor and dimensioned in length between one-eighth and one-sixth of a wavelength at said frequency of said input signal, said second bar positioned with respect to said first bar to provide in combination therewith a transverse electromagnetic mode electromagnetic wave coupling structure at said frequency of said input signal, means coupled to said second bar responsive to said input signal to split the power of said signal in a manner to provide equal and opposite currents to said varactor diodes coupled to said first bar, causing each of them to generate multiplied frequency power, and means coupled to the center of said first bar responsive to said multiplied frequency power to provide a constant power output at said center which is substantially equal to the sum of said multiplied frequency power generated by each varactor diode.

Claim 9

Apparatus for multiplying the frequency of an input signal by an integer greater than one, comprising: first and second varactor diodes each having a cathode and anode terminal, a relatively wide planar conductor, a first metallic bar spaced from said relatively wide planar conductor and dimensioned in length between one-eighth and one-sixth of a wavelength at said frequency of said input signal, said first bar coupled at one end to the anode of said first varactor diode and at its other end to the anode of said second varactor diode, means for coupling the cathodes of said varactor diodes to a point of reference potential, a second metallic bar spaced from said relatively wide planar conductor and dimensioned in length between one-eighth and one-sixth of a wavelength at said frequency of said input signal, said second bar positioned with respect to said first bar to provide in combination therewith a transverse electromagnetic mode electromagnetic wave coupling structure at said frequency of said input signal, means coupled to said second bar responsive to said input signal to split the power of said signal in a manner to provide equal and opposite currents to said varactor diodes coupled to said first bar, causing each of them to generate multiplied frequency power, and means coupled to the center of said first bar responsive to said multiplied frequency power to provide a constant power output at said center which is substantially equal to the sum of said multiplied frequency power generated by each varactor diode.

Claim 10

Apparatus for multiplying the frequency of an input signal by an integer greater than one, comprising: a. a ceramic substrate having a layer of conductive material on one surface of said ceramic substrate, b. a first metallic bAr positioned on said ceramic substrate and spaced from said layer of conductive material and dimensioned between one-eighth and one-sixth of a wavelength at said frequency of said input signal, c. a second metallic bar positioned on said ceramic substrate so as to be spaced from said layer of conductive material and dimensioned between one-eighth and one-sixth of a wavelength at said frequency of said input signal, said second bar positioned longitudinal to said first bar and spaced from said first bar to form with said first bar a coupled transverse electromagnetic wave supporting structure at the input signal frequency and multiplied frequencies, d. first and second variable reactance diodes each having an anode and cathode, the anode of said first diode coupled to one end of said first bar and the anode of said second diode coupled to the opposite end of said first bar, e. means for coupling said cathodes to a point of reference potential, f. means coupled to said second bar responsive to said frequency of said input signal to cause said reactance diodes to produce equal power at said multiplied frequency, and g. means coupled to said first bar responsive to said power produced by each diode to combine said power in a transverse electromagnetic mode, whereby the combined power obtained is substantially the sum of that produced by each diode.

Claim 11

Apparatus for multiplying the frequency of an input signal by an integer greater than one, comprising: a. a ceramic substrate having a layer of conductive material on one surface of said ceramic substrate, b. a first metallic bAr positioned on said ceramic substrate and spaced from said layer of conductive material and dimensioned between one-eighth and one-sixth of a wavelength at said frequency of said input signal, c. a second metallic bar positioned on said ceramic substrate so as to be spaced from said layer of conductive material and dimensioned between one-eighth and one-sixth of a wavelength at said frequency of said input signal, said second bar positioned longitudinal to said first bar and spaced from said first bar to form with said first bar a coupled transverse electromagnetic wave supporting structure at the input signal frequency and multiplied frequencies, d. first and second variable reactance diodes each having an anode and cathode, the anode of said first diode coupled to one end of said first bar and the anode of said second diode coupled to the opposite end of said first bar, e. means for coupling said cathodes to a point of reference potential, f. means coupled to said second bar responsive to said frequency of said input signal to cause said reactance diodes to produce equal power at said multiplied frequency, and g. means coupled to said first bar responsive to said power produced by each diode to combine said power in a transverse electromagnetic mode, whereby the combined power obtained is substantially the sum of that produced by each diode.

Claim 12

The apparatus in accordance with claim 6 wherein the means coupled to said first bar additionally includes: a. a third bar longitudinal to said first and second bars mounted on the ceramic substrate, said third bar spaced from said layer of conductive material and dimensioned between one-eighth and one-sixth of a wavelength long at said multiplied frequency.

Claim 13

Apparatus for doubling the frequency of an input signal, comprising: a. a first metallic bar of a length substantially equal to one-eighth of a wavelength at said input signal frequency spaced from a wider planar conductor, b. a first tunable capacitor connected between one end of said first bar and a point of reference potential, c. a second tunable capacitor connected between said other end of said first bar and said point of reference potential, d. a second metallic bar dimensioned to support said doubled frequency, longitudinal to said first bar and separated from said first bar and said wider planar conductor at a distance to form a coupled electromagnetic wave supporting structure therewith, e. a first varactor diode connected between one end of said second metallic bar and a point of reference potential, f. a second varactor diode connected between the opposite end of said second bar and a point of reference potential, g. a third tunable capacitor having two terminals with one terminal coupled to the center of said second bar, h. a fourth tunable capacitor having a pair of terminals with one terminal connected to the other terminal of said third capacitor and the other terminal of the fourth capacitor coupled to a point of reference potential, i. means for exciting said first bar at said first-mentioned frequency to cause said diodes to generate power at said doubled frequency at said junction of said third and fourth tunable capacitors.

Claim 14

Apparatus for doubling the frequency of an input signal, comprising: a. a first metallic bar of a length substantially equal to one-eighth of a wavelength at said input signal frequency spaced from a wider planar conductor, b. a first tunable capacitor connected between one end of said first bar and a point of reference potential, c. a second tunable capacitor connected between said other end of said first bar and said point of reference potential, d. a second metallic bar dimensioned to support said doubled frequency, longitudinal to said first bar and separated from said first bar and said wider planar conductor at a distance to form a coupled electromagnetic wave supporting structure therewith, e. a first varactor diode connected between one end of said second metallic bar and a point of reference potential, f. a second varactor diode connected between the opposite end of said second bar and a point of reference potential, g. a third tunable capacitor having two terminals with one terminal coupled to the center of said second bar, h. a fourth tunable capacitor having a pair of terminals with one terminal connected to the other terminal of said third capacitor and the other terminal of the fourth capacitor coupled to a point of reference potential, i. means for exciting said first bar at said first-mentioned frequency to cause said diodes to generate power at said doubled frequency at said junction of said third and fourth tunable capacitors.

Claim 15

A multiplier for increasing the frequency by an integer greater than one of an input signal, comprising: a. first and second variable reactance devices each having two terminals; b. a first metallic bar and a wider planar conductor, said first bar spaced from said wider planar conductor and coupled at one end to one terminal of said first variable reactance device and at its other end to one terminal of said second variable reactance device; c. means for coupling the other terminal of said variable reactance devices to a point of reference potential; d. a second metallic bar responsive to said input signal, positioned lengthwise to said first bar, spaced from said wider planar conductor, and separated from said first bar at a diStance to cause said first and second bar in conjunction with said wider planar conductor a coupled electromagnetic wave supporting structure at said input signal frequency; and e. tuning means coupled to said first and second bars responsive to said electromagnetic wave at said input signal frequency to cause said variable reactance devices to produce a constant power output at a multiplied integer of said input signal frequency.

Claim 16

A multiplier for increasing the frequency by an integer greater than one of an input signal, comprising: a. first and second variable reactance devices each having two terminals; b. a first metallic bar and a wider planar conductor, said first bar spaced from said wider planar conductor and coupled at one end to one terminal of said first variable reactance device and at its other end to one terminal of said second variable reactance device; c. means for coupling the other terminal of said variable reactance devices to a point of reference potential; d. a second metallic bar responsive to said input signal, positioned lengthwise to said first bar, spaced from said wider planar conductor, and separated from said first bar at a diStance to cause said first and second bar in conjunction with said wider planar conductor a coupled electromagnetic wave supporting structure at said input signal frequency; and e. tuning means coupled to said first and second bars responsive to said electromagnetic wave at said input signal frequency to cause said variable reactance devices to produce a constant power output at a multiplied integer of said input signal frequency.