Air-compressing injection-type internal combustion engine with externally controlled ignition and quality regulation

Claim 2

An air-compressing injection-type internal combustion engine with externally controlled ignition and quality regulation, which is provided with an at least approximately axially symmetrical combustion space arranged in the piston, in which a rotary movement of the air about the combustion space axis is present toward the end of the compression stroke, and in which fuel impinges against the wall of the combustion space approximately in the direction of the air movement and approximately tangentially with a nonnegligible free length of the jet and flows along the wall of the combustion space, wherein the improvement comprises auxiliary combustion space means in the form of an approximately semispherically shaped recess which has its large cross section open to the cylinder and a volume amounting to about 5 to 20 percent of the entire combustion space volume and which is arranged within the area of the circumference of the piston combustion space to provide a direct communication with said combustion space when the piston is in the top dead center position, ignition means in said auxiliary combustion space means, and injection means in the auxiliary combustion space means for injecting into the compressed air having said rotary movement and approximately in the top dead center position of the piston, in addition to a partial fuel quantity injected into the piston combustion space through said communication at an acute angle to a plane perpendicular to the cylinder axis, a further partial fuel quantity obliquely against the wall portion of the auxiliary combustion space means.

Claim 3

An internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein the injection means includes an injection nozzle constructed as two-apertured nozzle whose one aperture direction is directed obliquely against the wall of the auxiliary combustion space means.

Claim 4

An internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein the injection means includes a pin-type injection nozzle whose jet cone is directed with a portion of its conical surface against wall parts of the auxiliary combustion space means.

Claim 5

An internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein the auxiliary combustion space means is provided along its edge with inner annular shoulder means constricting the aperture at least over a part of its circumference.

Claim 6

An internal combustion engine according to claim 4, wherein the auxiliary combustion space means is subjected to lesser cooling action in comparison to the remaining wall parts of the cylinder space.

Claim 7

An internal combustion engine according to claim 5, wherein said auxiliary combustion space means is constructed as heat-insulated insert means.

Claim 8

An air-compressing injection-type internal combustion engine with externally controlled ignition and quality regulation, which is provided with an at least approximately axially symmetrical combustion space arranged in the piston, in whiCh a rotary movement of the air about the combustion space axis is present toward the end of the compression stroke, and in which fuel impinges against the wall of the combustion space approximately in the direction of the air movement and approximately tangentially with a nonnegligible free length of the jet and flows along the wall of the combustion space, wherein the improvement comprises auxiliary combustion space means in the form of an approximately semispherically shaped recess which has a volume amounting to about 5 to 20 percent of the entire combustion space volume and which is arranged within the area of a circumferential place of the piston combustion space, ignition means in said auxiliary combustion space means, and injection means in the auxiliary combustion space means for injecting, in addition to a partial fuel quantity injected into the piston combustion space, a further partial fuel quantity obliquely against the wall portion of the auxiliary combustion space means, said auxiliary combustion space means being provided along its edge with inner annular shoulder means constricting the aperture at least over a part of its circumference, the auxiliary combustion space means being subjected to a lesser cooling action in comparison to the remaining wall parts of the cylinder space and being constructed as heat-insulated insert means, and the auxiliary combustion space means, in the projection toward the piston, lying with the larger part of its aperture cross section still outside the piston combustion space above the part of the piston crown surrounding the same.

Claim 9

An air-compressing injection-type internal combustion engine with externally controlled ignition and quality regulation, which is provided with an at least approximately axially symmetrical combustion space arranged in the piston, in whiCh a rotary movement of the air about the combustion space axis is present toward the end of the compression stroke, and in which fuel impinges against the wall of the combustion space approximately in the direction of the air movement and approximately tangentially with a nonnegligible free length of the jet and flows along the wall of the combustion space, wherein the improvement comprises auxiliary combustion space means in the form of an approximately semispherically shaped recess which has a volume amounting to about 5 to 20 percent of the entire combustion space volume and which is arranged within the area of a circumferential place of the piston combustion space, ignition means in said auxiliary combustion space means, and injection means in the auxiliary combustion space means for injecting, in addition to a partial fuel quantity injected into the piston combustion space, a further partial fuel quantity obliquely against the wall portion of the auxiliary combustion space means, said auxiliary combustion space means being provided along its edge with inner annular shoulder means constricting the aperture at least over a part of its circumference, the auxiliary combustion space means being subjected to a lesser cooling action in comparison to the remaining wall parts of the cylinder space and being constructed as heat-insulated insert means, and the auxiliary combustion space means, in the projection toward the piston, lying with the larger part of its aperture cross section still outside the piston combustion space above the part of the piston crown surrounding the same.

Claim 10

An internal combustion engine according to claim 7, wherein the internal dimension of the piston combustion space is offset directly above the bottom thereof to a somewhat smaller diameter, the annular shoulder means formed thereby passing over into the upper lateral walls of the piston combustion space by way of axially symmetrical rounded off surfaces.

Claim 11

An internal combustion engine according to claim 8, wherein the ignition means is a spark plug.

Claim 12

An internal combustion engine according to claim 8, wherein the ignition means is a glow plug.

Claim 13

An internal combustion engine according to claim 8, wherein the compression ratio of the engine is so selected that during operation of the internal combustion engine with a fuel having good ignition quality, the externally controlled ignition is turned off and the engine can be operated with the auto-ignition.

Claim 14

An internal combustion engine according to claim 8, wherein the injection means includes an injection nozzle constructed as two-apertured nozzle whose one aperture direction is directed obliquely against the wall of the auxiliary combustion space means.

Claim 15

An internal combustion engine according to claim 8, wherein the injection means includes a pin-type injection nozzle whose jet cone is directed with a portion of its conical surface against wall parts of the auxiliary combustion space means.

Claim 16

An internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein the auxiliary combustion space means is subjected to lesser cooling action in comparison to the remaining wall parts of the cylinder space.

Claim 17

An internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein said auxiliary combustion space means is constructed as heat-insulated insert means.

Claim 18

An air-compressing injection-type internal combustion engine with externally controlled ignition and quality regulation, which is provided with an at least approximately axially symmetrical combustion space arranged in the piston, in which a rotary movement of the air about the combustion space axis is present toward the end of the compression stroke, and in which fuel impinges against the wall of the combustion space approximately in the direction of the air movement and approximately tangentially with a nonnegligible free length of the jet and flows along the wall of the combustion space, wherein the improvement comprises auxiliary combustion space means in tHe form of an approximately semispherically shaped recess which has a volume amounting to about 5 to 20 percent of the entire combustion space volume and which is arranged within the area of a circumferential place of the piston combustion space, ignition means in said auxiliary combustion space means, and injection means in the auxiliary combustion space means for injecting, in addition to a partial fuel quantity injected into the piston combustion space, a further partial fuel quantity obliquely against the wall portion of the auxiliary combustion space means, in the projection directed toward the piston, lying with the larger part of its aperture cross section outside the piston combustion space above the part of the piston crown surrounding the same and the auxiliary combustion space means, in the projection directed toward the piston, lying with the larger part of its aperture cross section outside the piston combustion space above the part of the piston crown surrounding the same.

Claim 19

An air-compressing injection-type internal combustion engine with externally controlled ignition and quality regulation, which is provided with an at least approximately axially symmetrical combustion space arranged in the piston, in which a rotary movement of the air about the combustion space axis is present toward the end of the compression stroke, and in which fuel impinges against the wall of the combustion space approximately in the direction of the air movement and approximately tangentially with a nonnegligible free length of the jet and flows along the wall of the combustion space, wherein the improvement comprises auxiliary combustion space means in tHe form of an approximately semispherically shaped recess which has a volume amounting to about 5 to 20 percent of the entire combustion space volume and which is arranged within the area of a circumferential place of the piston combustion space, ignition means in said auxiliary combustion space means, and injection means in the auxiliary combustion space means for injecting, in addition to a partial fuel quantity injected into the piston combustion space, a further partial fuel quantity obliquely against the wall portion of the auxiliary combustion space means, in the projection directed toward the piston, lying with the larger part of its aperture cross section outside the piston combustion space above the part of the piston crown surrounding the same and the auxiliary combustion space means, in the projection directed toward the piston, lying with the larger part of its aperture cross section outside the piston combustion space above the part of the piston crown surrounding the same.

Claim 20

An internal combustion engine according to claim 16, wherein the internal dimension of the piston combustion space is offset directly above the bottom thereof to a somewhat smaller diameter, the annular shoulder means formed thereby passing over into the upper lateral walls of the piston combustion space by way of axially symmetrical rounded off surfaces.

Claim 21

An internal combustion engine according to claim 17, wherein the auxiliary combustion space means is provided along its edge with inner annular shoulder means constricting the aperture at least over a part of its circumference.

Claim 22

An internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein the compression ratio of the engine is so selected that during operation of the internal combustion engine with a fuel having good ignition quality, the externally controlled ignition is turned off and the engine can be operated with auto-ignition.

Claim 23

An air-compressing injection-type internal combustion engine with externally controlled ignition and quality regulation, which is provided with an at least approximately axially symmetrical combustion space arranged in the piston, in which a rotary movement of the air about the combustion space axis is present toward the end of the compression stroke, and in which fuel impinges against the wall of the combustion space approximately in the direction of the air movement and approximately tangentially with a nonnegligible free length of the jet and flows along the wall of the combustion space, wherein the improvement comprises auxiliary combustion space means in the form of an approximately semishperically shaped recess which has a volume amounting to about 5 to 20 percent of the entire combustion space volume and which is arranged within the area of a circumferential place of the piston combustion space, ignition means in said auxiliary combustion space means, and injection means in the auxiliary combustion space means for injecting, in addition to a partial fuel quantity injected into the piston combustion space, a further partial fuel quantity obliquely against the wall portion of the auxiliary combustion space means, the internal dimension of the piston combustion space being offset directly above the bottom thereof to a somewhat smaller diameter, and the annular shoulder means formed thereby passing over into the upper lateral walls of the piston combustion space by way of axially symmetrical rounded off surfaces.

Claim 24

An air-compressing injection-type internal combustion engine with externally controlled ignition and quality regulation, which is provided with an at least approximately axially symmetrical combustion space arranged in the piston, in which a rotary movement of the air about the combustion space axis is present toward the end of the compression stroke, and in which fuel impinges against the wall of the combustion space approximately in the direction of the air movement and approximately tangentially with a nonnegligible free length of the jet and flows along the wall of the combustion space, wherein the improvement comprises auxiliary combustion space means in the form of an approximately semishperically shaped recess which has a volume amounting to about 5 to 20 percent of the entire combustion space volume and which is arranged within the area of a circumferential place of the piston combustion space, ignition means in said auxiliary combustion space means, and injection means in the auxiliary combustion space means for injecting, in addition to a partial fuel quantity injected into the piston combustion space, a further partial fuel quantity obliquely against the wall portion of the auxiliary combustion space means, the internal dimension of the piston combustion space being offset directly above the bottom thereof to a somewhat smaller diameter, and the annular shoulder means formed thereby passing over into the upper lateral walls of the piston combustion space by way of axially symmetrical rounded off surfaces.

Claim 25

An internal combustion engine according to claim 20, wherein the compression ratio of the engine is so selected that during operation of the internal combustion engine with a fuel having good ignition quality, the externally controlled ignition is turned off and the engine can be operated with auto-ignition.

Claim 26

An internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein said partial fuel quantity and said further fuel quantity are injected substantially in respective directions which subtend therebetween only an acute angle as viewed in an aXial cross section containing the cylinder axis and passing substantially through the center of the auxiliary combustion space means.

Claim 27

An internal combustion engine according to claim 22, wherein said partial fuel quantity and said further fuel quantity are injected by said injection means in directions disposed on the same side of a plane which is substantially parallel to the cylinder axis and substantially perpendicular to said axial cross section.