Process for washing filter cakes

Claim 2

IN A PROCESS FOR SEPARTING WATER IMMISCIBLE MOTHER LIQUOR FROM A FILTER CAKE CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF AN ORGANIC COMPOUND INSOLUBLE IN WATER AND HAVING A MELTING POINT LOWER THAN THE BOILING POINT OF THE MOTHER LIQUOR THE IMPROVEMENT COMPRISING RESPECTIVELY WASHING THE FILTER CAKE WITH AN INTERMEDIATE ORGANIC SOLVENT WHICH IS MISCIBLE BOTH WITH THE MOTHER LIQUOR AND WATER, THEREAFTER WASHINGT THE FILTER CAKE WITH WATER, SEPARATING THE WATER RETAINED IN THE FILTER CAKE THEREBY PRODUCING AN ORGANIC COMPOUND FILTER CAKE ESSENTIALLY FREE OF MOTHER LIQUOR.

Claim 3

IN A PROCESS FOR PRODUCING DURENE HAVING A PURITY OF ABOUT 99% AND FOR SEPARATING WATER IMMISCIBLE MOTHER LIQUOR FROM A HYDROCARBON MIXTURE INSOLUBLE IN WATER CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF ABOUT 20% DURENE AND ABOUT 80% ISO-DURENE, METHYL-SEC.-BUTYLBENZENE AND OTHER ALKYL AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, THE IMPROVEMENT COMPRISING RESPECTIVELY IN COMBINATION (A) COOLING THE HYDROCARBON MIXTURE TO ABOUT -- 15* C. TO CRYSTALLIZE DURENE THEREFROM, (B) FILTERING THE DURENE FROM THE MIXTURE AT ABOUT -15*C. TO PRODUCE A DURENE FILTER CAKE, (C) WASHING THE DURENE FILTER CAKE WITH METHANOL, (D) THEN WASHING THE DURENE FILTER CAKE WITH WATER, (E) HEATING THE RESULTING WASHED CAKE UNTIL IT MELTS AT ABOUT 85*C. FORM AN UPPER PHASE AND A LOWER PHASE, AND (F) RECOVERING DURENE FROM THE UPPER PHASE TO FORM DURENE HAVING A PURITY OF ABOUT 99%.

Claim 4

IN A PROCESS FOR PRODUCING DURENE HAVING A PURITY OF ABOUT 99% AND FOR SEPARATING WATER IMMISCIBLE MOTHER LIQUOR FROM A HYDROCARBON MIXTURE INSOLUBLE IN WATER CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF ABOUT 20% DURENE AND ABOUT 80% ISO-DURENE, METHYL-SEC.-BUTYLBENZENE AND OTHER ALKYL AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, THE IMPROVEMENT COMPRISING RESPECTIVELY IN COMBINATION (A) COOLING THE HYDROCARBON MIXTURE TO ABOUT -- 15* C. TO CRYSTALLIZE DURENE THEREFROM, (B) FILTERING THE DURENE FROM THE MIXTURE AT ABOUT -15*C. TO PRODUCE A DURENE FILTER CAKE, (C) WASHING THE DURENE FILTER CAKE WITH METHANOL, (D) THEN WASHING THE DURENE FILTER CAKE WITH WATER, (E) HEATING THE RESULTING WASHED CAKE UNTIL IT MELTS AT ABOUT 85*C. FORM AN UPPER PHASE AND A LOWER PHASE, AND (F) RECOVERING DURENE FROM THE UPPER PHASE TO FORM DURENE HAVING A PURITY OF ABOUT 99%.

Claim 5

IN A PROCESS FOR PRODUCING P-XYLENE HAVING A PURITY OF ABOUT 99% AND FOR SEPARATING WATER IMMISCIBLE MOTHER LIQUOR FROM A HYDROCARBON MIXTURE INSOLUBLE IN WATER CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF ABOUT 50% P-XYLENE AND ABOUT 50% O-XYLENE, M-XYLENE, ETHYL BENZENE AND OTHER ALKYL AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, THE IMPROVEMENT COMPRISING RESPECTIVELY IN COMBINATION: (A) COOLING THE HYDROCARBON MIXTURE TO ABOUT -- 40* C. TO CRYSTALLIZE P-XYLENE THEREFROM, (B) FILTERING THE P-XYLENE FROM SAID MIXTURE AT ABOUT -40*C. TO PRODUCE A P-XYLENE FILTER CAKE, (C) WASHING THE P-XYLENE FILTER CAKE AT ABOUT -40*C. WITH METHANOL, (D) THEN WASHING THE P-XYLENE FILTER CAKE AT ABOUT +5* C. WITH WATER, (E) HEATING THE RESULTING FILTER CAKE UNTIL IT MELTS, AND (F) RECOVERING THE P-XYLENE THEREFROM HAVING A PURITY OF ABOUT 99%.

Claim 6

IN A PROCESS FOR PRODUCING P-XYLENE HAVING A PURITY OF ABOUT 99% AND FOR SEPARATING WATER IMMISCIBLE MOTHER LIQUOR FROM A HYDROCARBON MIXTURE INSOLUBLE IN WATER CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF ABOUT 50% P-XYLENE AND ABOUT 50% O-XYLENE, M-XYLENE, ETHYL BENZENE AND OTHER ALKYL AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, THE IMPROVEMENT COMPRISING RESPECTIVELY IN COMBINATION: (A) COOLING THE HYDROCARBON MIXTURE TO ABOUT -- 40* C. TO CRYSTALLIZE P-XYLENE THEREFROM, (B) FILTERING THE P-XYLENE FROM SAID MIXTURE AT ABOUT -40*C. TO PRODUCE A P-XYLENE FILTER CAKE, (C) WASHING THE P-XYLENE FILTER CAKE AT ABOUT -40*C. WITH METHANOL, (D) THEN WASHING THE P-XYLENE FILTER CAKE AT ABOUT +5* C. WITH WATER, (E) HEATING THE RESULTING FILTER CAKE UNTIL IT MELTS, AND (F) RECOVERING THE P-XYLENE THEREFROM HAVING A PURITY OF ABOUT 99%.

Claim 7

IN A PROCESS FOR PRODUCING NAPHTHALENE HAVING A PURITY OF ABOUT 99% AND FOR SEPARATING WATER IMMISCIBLE MOTHER LIQUOR FROM A HYDROCARBON MIXTURE INSOLUBLE IN WATER CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF 60% NAPHTHALENE AND ABOUT 40% OF OTHER TAR OIL COMPONENTS BOILING IN THE RANGE OF 200* TO 230*C., THE IMPROVEMENT COMPRISING RESPECTIVELY IN COMBINATION: (A) COOLING THE HYDROCARBON MIXTURE TO ABOUT 20*C. TO CRYSTALLIZE NAPHTHALENE THEREFROM, (B) FILTERING THE NAPHTHALENE FROM SAID MIXTURE TO PRODUCE A NAPHTHALENE FILTER CAKE, (C) WASHINGTON THE NAPHTHALENE FILTER CAKE WITH ACETONE, (D) THEN WASHING THE NAPHTALENE FILTER CAKE WITH WATER, (E) HEATING THE RESULTING FILTER CAKE UNTIL IT MELTS, AND (F) RECOVERING THE NAPHTHALENE THEREFROM HAVING A PURITY OF ABOUT 99%.

Claim 8

IN A PROCESS FOR PRODUCING NAPHTHALENE HAVING A PURITY OF ABOUT 99% AND FOR SEPARATING WATER IMMISCIBLE MOTHER LIQUOR FROM A HYDROCARBON MIXTURE INSOLUBLE IN WATER CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF 60% NAPHTHALENE AND ABOUT 40% OF OTHER TAR OIL COMPONENTS BOILING IN THE RANGE OF 200* TO 230*C., THE IMPROVEMENT COMPRISING RESPECTIVELY IN COMBINATION: (A) COOLING THE HYDROCARBON MIXTURE TO ABOUT 20*C. TO CRYSTALLIZE NAPHTHALENE THEREFROM, (B) FILTERING THE NAPHTHALENE FROM SAID MIXTURE TO PRODUCE A NAPHTHALENE FILTER CAKE, (C) WASHINGTON THE NAPHTHALENE FILTER CAKE WITH ACETONE, (D) THEN WASHING THE NAPHTALENE FILTER CAKE WITH WATER, (E) HEATING THE RESULTING FILTER CAKE UNTIL IT MELTS, AND (F) RECOVERING THE NAPHTHALENE THEREFROM HAVING A PURITY OF ABOUT 99%.

Claim 9

IN A PROCESS FOR PRODUCING SATURATED FATTY ACIDS CONTAINING ONLY ABOUT 0.5% UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS AND FOR SEPARATING WATER IMMISCIBLE MOTHER LIQUOR FROM A MIXTURE OF NATURAL FATTY ACIDS CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF ABOUT 60% SATURATED FATTY ACIDS AND ABOUT 40% UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS, THE IMPROVEMENT COMPRISING RESPECTIVELY IN COMBINATION; (A) COOLING THE MIXTURE OF NATURAL FATTY ACIDS TO ABOUT 10*C. TO CRYSTALLIZE SATURATED FATTY ACIDS THERFROM, (B) FILTERING RESULTING CRYSTALS FROM THE MIXTURE AT ABOUT + 10*C. TO PRODUCE A SATURATED FATTY ACID FILTER CAKE, (C) WASHING THE SAID FILTER CAKE WITH ACETONITRILE TO REMOVE REMAINING UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS FROM THE FILTER CAKE, (D) WASHING THE RESULTING CAKE WITH WATER, (E) HEATING THE WASHED CAKE UNTIL IT MELTS AT ABOUT 50* C. TO PRODUCE AN UPPER PHASE AND LOWER PHASE, AND (F) RECOVERING SATURATED FATTY ACIDS FROM THE UPPER PHASE TO PRODUCE SATURATED FATTY ACIDS CONTAINING ABOUT 0.5% OF UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS.

Claim 10

IN A PROCESS FOR PRODUCING SATURATED FATTY ACIDS CONTAINING ONLY ABOUT 0.5% UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS AND FOR SEPARATING WATER IMMISCIBLE MOTHER LIQUOR FROM A MIXTURE OF NATURAL FATTY ACIDS CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF ABOUT 60% SATURATED FATTY ACIDS AND ABOUT 40% UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS, THE IMPROVEMENT COMPRISING RESPECTIVELY IN COMBINATION; (A) COOLING THE MIXTURE OF NATURAL FATTY ACIDS TO ABOUT 10*C. TO CRYSTALLIZE SATURATED FATTY ACIDS THERFROM, (B) FILTERING RESULTING CRYSTALS FROM THE MIXTURE AT ABOUT + 10*C. TO PRODUCE A SATURATED FATTY ACID FILTER CAKE, (C) WASHING THE SAID FILTER CAKE WITH ACETONITRILE TO REMOVE REMAINING UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS FROM THE FILTER CAKE, (D) WASHING THE RESULTING CAKE WITH WATER, (E) HEATING THE WASHED CAKE UNTIL IT MELTS AT ABOUT 50* C. TO PRODUCE AN UPPER PHASE AND LOWER PHASE, AND (F) RECOVERING SATURATED FATTY ACIDS FROM THE UPPER PHASE TO PRODUCE SATURATED FATTY ACIDS CONTAINING ABOUT 0.5% OF UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS.

Claim 11

IN A PROCESS FOR PRODUCING P-TOLUENE SULFOCHLORIDE HAVING A PURITY OF ABOUT 98% AND FOR SEPARATING MOTHER LIQUOR FROM A MIXTURE CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF ABOUT 48% P-TOLUENE SULFOCHLORIDE, ABOUT 32% O-TOLUENE SULFOCHLORIDE AND ABOUT 20% CARBON TETRACHLORIDE, THE IMPROVEMENT COMPRISING RESPECTIVELY IN COMBINATION: (A) COOLING THE MIXTURE TO ABOUT -10*C. TO CRYSTALLIZE P-TOLUENE SULFOCHLORIDE THEREFROM, (B) FILTERING THE RESULTING CRYSTALS FROM THE MIXTURE TO PRODUCE A P-TOLUENE SULFOCHLORIDE FILTER CAKE, (C) WASHING THE FILTER CAKE WITH CARBON TETRACHLORIDE AT ABOUT -10*C., (D) WASHING THE FILTER CAKE WITH DIETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOETHYL ETHER AT ABOUT 20*C. AND THEN (E) WASHING THE FILTER CAKE WITH WATER AT ABOUT 20*C., (F) HEATING THE WASHED CAKE UNTIL IT MELTS AT ABOUT 70*C., AND (G) RECOVERING P-TOLUENE SULFOCHLORIDE THEREFROM HAVING A PURITY OF ABOUT 98%.

Claim 12

IN A PROCESS FOR PRODUCING P-TOLUENE SULFOCHLORIDE HAVING A PURITY OF ABOUT 98% AND FOR SEPARATING MOTHER LIQUOR FROM A MIXTURE CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF ABOUT 48% P-TOLUENE SULFOCHLORIDE, ABOUT 32% O-TOLUENE SULFOCHLORIDE AND ABOUT 20% CARBON TETRACHLORIDE, THE IMPROVEMENT COMPRISING RESPECTIVELY IN COMBINATION: (A) COOLING THE MIXTURE TO ABOUT -10*C. TO CRYSTALLIZE P-TOLUENE SULFOCHLORIDE THEREFROM, (B) FILTERING THE RESULTING CRYSTALS FROM THE MIXTURE TO PRODUCE A P-TOLUENE SULFOCHLORIDE FILTER CAKE, (C) WASHING THE FILTER CAKE WITH CARBON TETRACHLORIDE AT ABOUT -10*C., (D) WASHING THE FILTER CAKE WITH DIETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOETHYL ETHER AT ABOUT 20*C. AND THEN (E) WASHING THE FILTER CAKE WITH WATER AT ABOUT 20*C., (F) HEATING THE WASHED CAKE UNTIL IT MELTS AT ABOUT 70*C., AND (G) RECOVERING P-TOLUENE SULFOCHLORIDE THEREFROM HAVING A PURITY OF ABOUT 98%.

Claim 13

A PROCESS FOR PRODUCING BENZENE HAVING A PURITY OF ABOUT 99.95% AND FOR SEPARATING MOTHER LIQUOR FROM A MINTURE CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF ABOUT 95% BENZENE AND THE REMAINDER MINOR PROPORTIONS OF TOLUENE, THIOPHENE, CARBON DISULFIDE, CYCLOHEXANE, AND NONAROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, THE IMPROVEMENT COMPRISING RESPECTIVELY IN COMBINATION: (A) COOLING THE MIXTURE TO ABOUT -15*C. TO CRYSTALLIZE BENZENE THEREFROM, (B) FILTERING THE RESULTING CRYSTALS FROM THE MIXTURE TO PRODUCE A BENZENE FILTER CAKE, (C) WASHING THE FILTER CAKE AT ABOUT -5*C. WITH A MIXTURE OF ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOBUTYL ETHER AND WATER IN THE RATIO RESPECTIVELY, IN PARTS BY WEIGHT, OF ABOUT 9 TO 1, THEN (D) WASHING THE FILTER CAKE AT ABOUT 1*C. WITH WATER, (E) HEATING THE WASHED CAKE UNTIL IT MELTS, AND (F) RECOVERING BENZENE THEREFROM HAVING A PURITY OF ABOUT 99.95%.

Claim 14

A PROCESS FOR PRODUCING BENZENE HAVING A PURITY OF ABOUT 99.95% AND FOR SEPARATING MOTHER LIQUOR FROM A MINTURE CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF ABOUT 95% BENZENE AND THE REMAINDER MINOR PROPORTIONS OF TOLUENE, THIOPHENE, CARBON DISULFIDE, CYCLOHEXANE, AND NONAROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, THE IMPROVEMENT COMPRISING RESPECTIVELY IN COMBINATION: (A) COOLING THE MIXTURE TO ABOUT -15*C. TO CRYSTALLIZE BENZENE THEREFROM, (B) FILTERING THE RESULTING CRYSTALS FROM THE MIXTURE TO PRODUCE A BENZENE FILTER CAKE, (C) WASHING THE FILTER CAKE AT ABOUT -5*C. WITH A MIXTURE OF ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOBUTYL ETHER AND WATER IN THE RATIO RESPECTIVELY, IN PARTS BY WEIGHT, OF ABOUT 9 TO 1, THEN (D) WASHING THE FILTER CAKE AT ABOUT 1*C. WITH WATER, (E) HEATING THE WASHED CAKE UNTIL IT MELTS, AND (F) RECOVERING BENZENE THEREFROM HAVING A PURITY OF ABOUT 99.95%.