Oxidation of olefinically unsaturated hydrocarbons to carbonyl compounds

Claim 2

A PROCESS FOR THE THE PREPARATION OF CARBONYL CONTAINING COMPOUNDS WHICH COMPRISES ADDING AN UNSATURATED HYDROCARBON HAVING BETWEEN 6 AND 40 CARBON ATOMS PER MOLECULE AND WHEREIN THE UNSATURATION IN SAID HYDROCARBON RESIDES SOLELY IN FROM 1 TO 4 OLEFINIC DOUBLE BONDS, AND WHEREIN THERE IS LEAST ONE HYDROGEN ATOM ON EACH CARBON ATOM OF AT LEAST ONE OF SAID OLEFINIC DOUBLE BONDS TO A REACTION MIXTURE COMPRISING AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF A WATER SOLUBLE SALT OF A METAL OF THE PLATINUM GROUP, AN OXIDIZING AGENT HAVING AN OXIDATION POTENTIAL HIGHER THAN THAT OF SAID PLATINUM GROUP METAL AND A SOLVENT WHICH HAS A DIELECTRIC CONSTANT AT 25*C. OF AT LEAST 20 AND IS SUCH THAT BETWEEN 0.5 AND 5 VOLUMES OF DODECENE-1 ARE SOLUBLE AT A TEMPERATURE OF 25*C. IN A MIXTURE OF 50 VOLUMES OF SOLVENT AND 7 VOLUMES OF WATER; THE AMOUNT OF WATER IN SAID AQUEOUS SOLUTION BEING BETWEEN 1 AND 50 WEIGHT PERCENT OF SAID SOLVENT.

Claim 3

A PROCESS WHICH COMPRISES: ADDING AN UNSATURATED MONOCARBOXYLIC ACID HAVING BETWEEN 6 AND 40 CARBON ATOMS AND WHEREIN THE UNSATURATION IN SAID HYDROCARBON RESIDES SOLELY IN A SINGLE OLEFINIC DOUBLE BOND, AND WHEREIN THERE IS AT LEAST ONE HYDROGEN ATOM ON EACH CARBON ATOM OF SAID OLEFINIC DOUBLE BOND AND AN OXIDIZING GAS CONTAINING FREE MOLECULAR OXYGEN AS THE ONLY OXIDANT; TO A REACTION MIXTURE COMPRISING WATER; A WATER SOLUBLE SALT OF A PLATINUM GROUP METAL SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF PLATINUM AND PALLADIUM HALIDES, SULFATES AND PHOSPHATES; AS A REDOX SYSTEM, AN INORGANIC SALT OF A METAL HAVING AN OXIDATION POTENTIAL HIGHER THAN THAT OF THE PLATINUM GROUP METAL AND CAPABLE OF BEING RE-OXIDIZED BY SAID OXIDIZING GAS; THE MOLAR RATIO OF THE SUM OF THE REDOX METALS TO THE PLATINUM GROUP METAL BEING BETWEEN 1:10 AND 100:1; AND A SOLVENT WHICH HAS A DIELECTRIC CONSTANT AT 25* C. OF AT LEAST 20 AND IS SUCH THAT BETWEEN 0.5 AND 5 VOLUMES OF DODECENE-1 ARE SOLUBLE AT A TEMPERATURE OF 25*C. IN MIXTURE OF 50 VOLUMES OF SOLVENT AND 7 VOLUMES OF WATER; THE AMOUNT OF WATER IN SAID REACTION MIXTURE BEING BETWEEN 2 AND 30 WEIGHT PERCENT OF SAID SOLVENT; THE RATE OF ADDITON OF SAID ACID BEING EQUIVALENT TO THE RATE AT WHICH THE ACID IS REACTED; UNDER REACTION CONDITIONS INCLUDING A TEMPERATURE BETWEEN 0* AND 150*C. SUCH THAT THE REACTANTS ARE MAINTAINED IN THE LIQUID PHASE.

Claim 4

A PROCESS WHICH COMPRISES: ADDING AN UNSATURATED MONOCARBOXYLIC ACID HAVING BETWEEN 6 AND 40 CARBON ATOMS AND WHEREIN THE UNSATURATION IN SAID HYDROCARBON RESIDES SOLELY IN A SINGLE OLEFINIC DOUBLE BOND, AND WHEREIN THERE IS AT LEAST ONE HYDROGEN ATOM ON EACH CARBON ATOM OF SAID OLEFINIC DOUBLE BOND AND AN OXIDIZING GAS CONTAINING FREE MOLECULAR OXYGEN AS THE ONLY OXIDANT; TO A REACTION MIXTURE COMPRISING WATER; A WATER SOLUBLE SALT OF A PLATINUM GROUP METAL SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF PLATINUM AND PALLADIUM HALIDES, SULFATES AND PHOSPHATES; AS A REDOX SYSTEM, AN INORGANIC SALT OF A METAL HAVING AN OXIDATION POTENTIAL HIGHER THAN THAT OF THE PLATINUM GROUP METAL AND CAPABLE OF BEING RE-OXIDIZED BY SAID OXIDIZING GAS; THE MOLAR RATIO OF THE SUM OF THE REDOX METALS TO THE PLATINUM GROUP METAL BEING BETWEEN 1:10 AND 100:1; AND A SOLVENT WHICH HAS A DIELECTRIC CONSTANT AT 25* C. OF AT LEAST 20 AND IS SUCH THAT BETWEEN 0.5 AND 5 VOLUMES OF DODECENE-1 ARE SOLUBLE AT A TEMPERATURE OF 25*C. IN MIXTURE OF 50 VOLUMES OF SOLVENT AND 7 VOLUMES OF WATER; THE AMOUNT OF WATER IN SAID REACTION MIXTURE BEING BETWEEN 2 AND 30 WEIGHT PERCENT OF SAID SOLVENT; THE RATE OF ADDITON OF SAID ACID BEING EQUIVALENT TO THE RATE AT WHICH THE ACID IS REACTED; UNDER REACTION CONDITIONS INCLUDING A TEMPERATURE BETWEEN 0* AND 150*C. SUCH THAT THE REACTANTS ARE MAINTAINED IN THE LIQUID PHASE.