Process for the destructive hydrogenation of crude oils, tars and their residues

Claim 1

IN A PROCESS FOR THE REFINING AND DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION OF CRUDE OILS, TARS, AND THEIR RESIDUES AS INITIAL MATERIAL BY REACTION WITH HYDROGEN IN A FIRST CONTAINING LARGE-SURFACED MATERIALS AND BY FURTHER REACTION WITH HYDROGEN IN A SECOND STAGE IN THE PRESENCE OF A HYDROGENATION CATALYST AND AT A TEMPERATURE OF 350* C. TO 550*C., THE PRESSURE IN BOTH STAGES BEING IN RANGE OF ABOUT 5 TO 700 ATMOSPHERES, THE IMPROVEMENT WHICH COMPRISES: HEATING SAID INITIAL MATERIAL TO A TEMPERATURE BETWEEN ABOUT 250* C. AND 350* C.; THEN LEADING SAID INITIAL MATERIAL THROUGH SAID FIRST STAGE TOGETHER WITH ABOUT 0.1 TO 0.5 NORMAL CUBIC METERS OF HYDROGEN PER KILOGRAM OF INITIAL MATERIAL AND SUBSEQUENTLY THROUGH SAID SECOND STAGE TOGETHER WITH ABOUT 0.5 TO 1.5 NORMAL CUBIC METERS OF HYDROGEN PER KILOGRAM OF INITIAL MATERIAL.