fenske etal

Claim 1

A PROCESS FOR COKING A HEAVY RESIDUAL HYDROCARBON FEED WHICH COMPRISES REVOLVING A CYLINDRICAL ZONE ABOUT A HORIZONTAL AXIS WITHIN A LARGER STATIONARY CYLINDRICAL ZONE CONCENTRIC WITH SAID REVOLVING ZONE AND FORMING AN ANNULAR SPACE THEREWITH, MAINTAINING A SUBSTANTIALLY SETTLED BED OF GRANULAR SOLIDS IN A LOWER PORTION OF SAID REVOLVING ZONE IN INDIRECT HEAT EXCHANGE RELATION WITH SAID ANNULAR SPACE, SPRAYING HEAVY LIQUID HYDROCARBON FEED ONTO SAID REVOLVING ZONE WITHIN SAID ANNULAR SPACE NEAR THE CREST OF THE CYLINDER DOWNSTREAM WITH RESPECT TO ITS DIRECTION OF ROTATION, PASSING A GAS STREAM AT AT LEAST 850*F. LONGITUDINALLY THROUGH SAID REVOLVING ZONE ABOVE THE SURFACE OF SAID GRANULAR BED AT A RATE SUFFICIENT TO MAINTAIN SAID REVOLVING ZONE ABOVE COKING TEMPERATURE, IMPELLING A MINOR PORTION OF SAID GRANULAR SOLIDS IN SAID BED INTO SAID HOT GAS STREAM TO BE DISPERSED THEREIN AND THENCE AT LEAST PARTIALLY RETURNED TO SAID BED BY GRAVITY SEPARATION FROM SAID GAS STREAM, SAID SOLIDS MINOR PORTION ABSTRACTING HEAT FROM SAID GAS STREAM AND IMPARTING HEAT TO SAID BED AS BY DIRECT HEAT EXCHANGE RELATIONSHIPS, SCRAPING AND RECOVERING RESULTING SOLID CARBONACEOUS RESIDUE FROM THE REVOLVING ZONE AT A POINT REMOVED LESS THAN ONE REVOLUTION FROM THE POINT OF SPRAYING, EXTERNALLY COOLING SAID STATIONARY ZONE TO A TEMPERATURE BELOW THE CONDENSATION TEMPERATURE OF THE HYDROCARBON VAPORS FORMED IN THE ANNULAR SPACE, COLLECTING UNVAPORIZED LIQUID FEED PORTIONS IN AN INTERMEDIATE COLLECTING ZONE WITHIN SAID ANNULAR SPACE, DRAINING UNVAPORIZED LIQUID FEED FROM A LOWER PORTION OF SAID COLLECTING ZONE, AND SEPARATELY DRAINING CONDENSED HYDROCARBON VAPORS FROM A BOTTOM PORTION OF SAID ANNULAR SPACE.