Chemical process and product

Claim 2

A SOLID CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF SUBSTRATE PARTICLES OF INORGANIC SILICEOUS MATERIAL HAVING AN AVERAGE SPECIFIC SURFACE AREA OF FROM 1 TO 900 SQUARE METERS PER GRAM, AND AN AVERAGE PARTICLE DIAMETER GREATER THAN ABOUT 1 MILLIMICRON HAVING CHEMICALLY BOUND TO THE SILICON ATOMS ON THE SURFACE OF SAID PARTICLES AT LEAST 100 -OR GROUPS PER 100 SQUARE MILLIMICRONS OF SURFACE AREA OF THE SILICEOUS MATERIAL, WHERE R IS A SUBSTITUTED HYDROCARBON RADICAL IN WHICH THE CARBON ATTACHED TO OXYGEN IS ALSO ATTACHED TO AT LEAST ONE HYDROGEN ATOM, SAID SUBSTITUTED HYDROCARBON RADICAL HAVING A NEUTRAL-REACTING ELECTRON DONOR ELECTRONEGATIVE ATOM ATTACHED TO A CARBON ATOM AT LEAST 1 CARBON ATOM REMOVED FROM THE OXYGEN ATOM OF THE -OR GROUP, THE ELECTRONEGATIVE ATOM BEING SELECTED FROM THE CLASS CONSISTING OF NITROGEN, OXYGEN AND HALOGENS HAVING AN ATOMIC NUMBER ABOVE 9 EACH R RADICAL HAVING FROM 2 TO 18 CARBON ATOMS.

Claim 3

A PROCESS WHICH COMPRISE THE STEP OF CHEMICALLY REACTING AN ALCOHOL OF THE FORMULA ROH IN WHICH R IS A SUBSTITUTED HYDROCARBON RADICAL HAVING FROM 2 TO 18 CARBON ATOMS, WHEREIN THE CARBON ATOM ATTACHED TO OXYGEN IS ALSO ATTACHED TO AT LEAST ONE HYDROGEN, SAID RADICAL CONTAINING A NEUTRAL-REACTING ELECTRON DONOR SUBSTITUENT GROUP ATTACHED TO A CARBON ATOM AT LEAST 1 CARBON ATOM REMOVED FROM THE HYDROXYL GROUP THE SUBSTITUENT GROUP CONTAINING AT LEAST ONE ELECTRONEGATIVE ATOM SELECTED FROM THE CLASS CONSISTING OF NITROGEN, OXYGEN AND HALOGENS HAVING AN ATOMIC NUMBER ABOVE 9, THE ALCOHOL BEING SUFFICIENTLY NEUTRAL THAT THE PH OF A 1% AQUEOUS SOLUTION IS BETWEEN 5 AND 8 AS MEASURED BY IMMERSION OF A GLASS ELECTRODE, WITH AN INORGANIC SILICEOUS MATERIAL HAVING AN AVERAGE SPECIFIC SURFACE AREA OF FROM 1 TO 900 SQUARE METERS PER GRAM AND AN AVERAGE PARTICLE DIAMETER GREATER THAN ABOUT 1 MILLIMICRON AND HAVING A REACTIVE SURFACE CONTAINING GROUPS SELECTED FROM THE CLASS CONSISTING OF SILANOL AND HEAT-ACTIVATED SILICON-OXYGEN GROUPS, WHILE MAINTAINING THE WATER CONTENT OF THE SYSTEM BELOW ABOUT 5 PER CENT BY WEIGHT OF THE ALCOHOL IN THE SYSTEM AND THE TEMPERATURE IN THE RANGE FROM 100*C. TO THE THERMAL DECOMPOSITION TEMPERATURE OF THE ALCOHOL.

Claim 4

A PROCESS WHICH COMPRISE THE STEP OF CHEMICALLY REACTING AN ALCOHOL OF THE FORMULA ROH IN WHICH R IS A SUBSTITUTED HYDROCARBON RADICAL HAVING FROM 2 TO 18 CARBON ATOMS, WHEREIN THE CARBON ATOM ATTACHED TO OXYGEN IS ALSO ATTACHED TO AT LEAST ONE HYDROGEN, SAID RADICAL CONTAINING A NEUTRAL-REACTING ELECTRON DONOR SUBSTITUENT GROUP ATTACHED TO A CARBON ATOM AT LEAST 1 CARBON ATOM REMOVED FROM THE HYDROXYL GROUP THE SUBSTITUENT GROUP CONTAINING AT LEAST ONE ELECTRONEGATIVE ATOM SELECTED FROM THE CLASS CONSISTING OF NITROGEN, OXYGEN AND HALOGENS HAVING AN ATOMIC NUMBER ABOVE 9, THE ALCOHOL BEING SUFFICIENTLY NEUTRAL THAT THE PH OF A 1% AQUEOUS SOLUTION IS BETWEEN 5 AND 8 AS MEASURED BY IMMERSION OF A GLASS ELECTRODE, WITH AN INORGANIC SILICEOUS MATERIAL HAVING AN AVERAGE SPECIFIC SURFACE AREA OF FROM 1 TO 900 SQUARE METERS PER GRAM AND AN AVERAGE PARTICLE DIAMETER GREATER THAN ABOUT 1 MILLIMICRON AND HAVING A REACTIVE SURFACE CONTAINING GROUPS SELECTED FROM THE CLASS CONSISTING OF SILANOL AND HEAT-ACTIVATED SILICON-OXYGEN GROUPS, WHILE MAINTAINING THE WATER CONTENT OF THE SYSTEM BELOW ABOUT 5 PER CENT BY WEIGHT OF THE ALCOHOL IN THE SYSTEM AND THE TEMPERATURE IN THE RANGE FROM 100*C. TO THE THERMAL DECOMPOSITION TEMPERATURE OF THE ALCOHOL.