Conversion of heavy carbonaceous oils to motor fuels, fuel gas, and synthesis gas

Claim 1

A PROCESS FOR CONVERTING HEAVY HYDROCARBON OIL TO HYDROCARBONS OF LOWER MOLECULAR WEIGHT, FUEL GAS AND HYDROGEN-CONTAING GAS, WHICH COMPRISES DISPERSING THE OIL IN THE FORM OF DROPLETS INTO THE TOP OF A REACTION ZONE INTO CONTACT WITH AN UPWARDLY FLOWING STREAM OF HOT GASES COMPRISING CARBON MONOXIDE AND HYDROGEN UNDER CONDITIONS OF FLOW SUCH THAT THE DROPLETS DESCEND THROUGH SAID ZONE COUNTERCURRENT TO THE STREAM OF HOT GASES, MAINTAINING A TEMPERATURE WITHIN THE RANGE OF FROM ABOUT 800* F. TO ABOUT 1500* F. IN SAID REACTION ZONE TO SUBSTANTIALLY COMPLETELY VOLATILIZABLE CONSTITUTENTS THEREFROM DURING THEIR DOWNWARD MOVEMENT WHEREBY SOLID FREE FLOWING PARTICLES OF COKE ARE FORMED, DISCHARGING A VAPOROUS EFFLUENT COMPRISING HYDROCARBON VAPORS AND GASES FROM THE UPPER PORTION OF SAID REACTION ZONE, TRANSFERRING SAID COKE PARTICLES FROM THE BOTTOM OF SAID ZONE INTO A SEPARATE GASIFICATION ZONE WHEREIN THEY ARE REACTED IN A DENSE PHASE FLUIDIZED BED WITH STEAM AND AN OXYGENPHASE FLUIDIZED BED WITH STEAM AND AN OXYGENOF FROM ABOUT 1800* F. TO ABOUT 3000* F. UNDER CONDITIONS SUCH THAT THE GAS PRODUCED CONSISTS ESSENTIALLY OF CARBON MONOXIDE AND HYDROGEN PASSING A PORTION OF THE HOT GASEOUS PRODUCT FROM THE GASIFICATION ZONE INTO THE LOWER PORTION OF THE REACTION ZONE AS A SOURCE OF HEAT AND REACTANTS THEREFOR, AND DISCHARGING THE REMAINING GASEOUS PRODUCTS OF THE GASIFICATION ZONE AS A HYDROGEN-CONTAINING GAS PRODUCT.