EP0401854A2 — An apparatus for orthogonal transform coding

Claim 1

Independent Claim 187 words

An orthogonal transform coding device which comprises large blocking means for assembling sample values of input signals to form a large block of the sampled input signals, small blocking means for dividing the large block formed in the large blocking means into a plurality of small blocks, orthogonal transform means for orthogonally transforming the signals in each small block, first quantizing means having a plurality of kinds of quantizers each of which quantizes the orthogonally transformed components provided in said transforming means, data amount estimating means for calculating amount of data obtained after the coding by the quantization is made in the quantizing means, selection means for selecting an optimum quantizer in the quantizing means for every small block corresponding to the result of the calculation of the data amount of every small block by the data amount calculating means, second quantizing means for quantizing the orthogonally transformed component in the large block, coding means for converting the quantized value obtained in the second quantizing means into variable length coded data, and transmission means for transmitting the variable length coded with the information of the used quntizer.

Claim 2

Dependent Claim 187 words

An orthogonal transform coding device which comprises large blocking means for assembling sample values of input signals to form a large block of the sampled input signals, small blocking means for dividing the large block formed in the large blocking means into a plurality of small blocks, orthogonal transform means for orthogonally transforming the signals in each small block, first quantizing means having a plurality of kinds of quantizers each of which quantizes the orthogonally transformed components provided in said transforming means, data amount estimating means for calculating amount of data obtained after the coding by the quantization is made in the quantizing means, selection means for selecting an optimum quantizer in the quantizing means for every small block corresponding to the result of the calculation of the data amount of every small block by the data amount calculating means, second quantizing means for quantizing the orthogonally transformed component in the large block, coding means for converting the quantized value obtained in the second quantizing means into variable length coded data, and transmission means for transmitting the variable length coded with the information of the used quntizer.

Claim 3

Dependent Claim 24 words

The orthogonal transform coding device according to claim 1, wherein the large blocking means provide a large block of television signals within one field.

Claim 4

Dependent Claim 28 words

The orthogonal transform coding device according to claim 1, wherein the large blocking means provide a large block of a plurality of consecutive fields of the television signals.

Claim 5

Dependent Claim 27 words

The orthogonal transform coding device according to claim 1, wherein the large blocking means provide a large block of signals of picture elements juxtaposed in one picture.

Claim 6

Dependent Claim 32 words

The orthogonal transform coding device according to claim 1, wherein the large blocking means provide a large block by assembling a plurality of small blocks situated in various portions in one picture.

Claim 7

Dependent Claim 62 words

The orthogonal transform coding device according to claim 1, wherein the large blocking means provide the large blocks in such a manner that in a case where the input signals are composed of brightness signals and color difference signals, all of the large blocks include the brightness signals and the color difference signals or R,G and B signals substantially equal ratio. ratio.

Claim 8

Dependent Claim 30 words

The orthogonal transform coding device according to claim 1, wherein the small blocking means provide a small block composed of the signals included in only one field of television signals.

Claim 9

Dependent Claim 30 words

The orthogonal transform coding device according to claim 1, wherein the small blocking means provide a small block composed of the signals of a plurality of fields of television signals.

Claim 10

Dependent Claim 33 words

The orthogonal transform coding device according to claim 1, wherein the small blocking means provide a small block composed of signals in one field or one frame or a consecutive plurality of fields.

Claim 11

Dependent Claim 29 words

The orthogonal transform coding device according to claim 1, wherein the orthogonal transform means transform the data in terms of 3 dimension including horizontal direction, vertical direction and time.

Claim 12

Dependent Claim 89 words

The orthogonal transform coding device according to claim 1, wherein the transmission means re-arrange the quantized values of a small block in a transmission region made by a matrix having its origin defined by the values of the lowest frequency components with the order from the low frequency value to the high frequency value in both horizontal and vertical directions so as to include all of non zero values and transmit coded words of the quantized values included only in the transmission region and information of the transmission region.

Claim 13

Dependent Claim 144 words

The orthogonal transform coding device according to claim 1, wherein the transmission means re-arrange the quantized values of a small block in a transmission region made by a matrix having its origin defined by the values of the lowest frequency components with the order from the low frequency value to the high frequency value in both horizontal and vertical directions so as to include all of non zero values and transmit coded words of the quantized values included in the transmission region from the quantized value representing the lowest frequency component up to the quantized value representing the highest frequency component in the order from the coded word of the lowest frequency component and transmit end signal or information representing the position of the final coded word in place of transmitting the coded words after the highest frequency component of non zero is transmitted.

Claim 14

Dependent Claim 92 words

The orthogonal transform coding device according to claims 11 and 12, wherein, in a case where n small blocks are included in the large block, the transmission means transmit the coded words from the coded word representing the lowest frequency component by the large block basis in such a manner as the first coded word in the first small block the first coded word in the second small block . . . the first coded word in the nth small block the second coded word in the first small block . .

Claim 15

Dependent Claim 28 words

The orthogonal transform coding device according to claim 1, wherein the variable length coding means encode the quantized value with the length 1 for the quantized value 0.

Claim 16

Dependent Claim 41 words

The orthogonal transform coding device according to claim 1, wherein the variable length coding means encode the quantized value with the length 2K + 1 or 2K for the number of figure K of the absolute value of the quantized value.

Claim 17

Dependent Claim 31 words

The orthogonal transform coding device according to claim 1, wherein the variable length coding means encode in such a manner that front half of the coded word represents the coded length.

Claim 18

Dependent Claim 54 words

The orthogonal transform coding device according to claim 1, wherein the variable length coding means encode the quantized values in the order defined by the data transmission means in such a manner that the number of zero of the quantized values and non zero quantized value appearing first are expressed by one coded word.

Claim 19

Dependent Claim 39 words

The orthogonal transform coding device according to claim 1, wherein the data amount estimating means calculate the data amount of the coded data by adding the code lengths of the coded data to be transmitted by the transmission means.

Claim 20

Dependent Claim 60 words

The orthogonal transform coding device according to claim 14, wherein the data amount estimating means calculate the data amount, when the variable length coding means in claim 14 is used, according to the following equation Σ(Ni - 1) + M wherein Ni is code length of the ith encoder M is the number of the quantized values to be transmitted.

Claim 21

Dependent Claim 72 words

The orthogonal transform coding device according to claim 15, wherein the data amount estimating means calculate the data amount when the variable length coding means according to claim 15 is used, according to the following equation 2 X Σ Ki + M wherein Ki is the number of figures of the absolute value of the quantized values of ith quantizer and M is the number of the quantized values to be transmitted.

Claim 22

Dependent Claim 23 words

The orthogonal transform coding device according to claim 1 wherein the quantizing means comprises a plurality of quantizers each having different quantization range.

Claim 23

Dependent Claim 37 words

The orthogonal transform coding device according to claim 21, wherein the quantizers for the high frequency orthogonal transformed component have wide quantization range and the quantiers for the low frequency orthogonal transformed components have narrow quantization range.

Claim 24

Dependent Claim 54 words

The orthogonal transform coding device according to claim 21, wherein the quantizing means transmit average of the quantizing errors of the quantized values except for 0 every small block at the time of quantization and at the time of decoding, the reversed quantized values are corrected by the average value of the quantization errors.

Claim 25

Dependent Claim 35 words

The orthogonal transform coding device according to claim 21, wherein the quantizing means quantize the signals on the same position on the picture plane of the fields or frame with quantizers of different quantization ranges.

Claim 26

Dependent Claim 148 words

The orthogonal transform coding device according to claim 1, wherein the quantizer selecting means perform the steps of estimating the data amount obtained by the quantizer producing the m/2th data amount of quantized value when there are m candidate quantizers, in a case where the estimated quantized data amount is larger than the transmissible data amount, selecting only the quantizers producing the data amount smaller than the data amount produced by the quantizer which has been subjected to the data estimation, to the contrary, in a case where the estimated quantized data amount is smaller than the transmissible data amount, selecting only the quantizers producing the data amount larger than the data amount produced by the quantizer which has been subjected to the data estimation, whereby the number of the candidate quantizers are decreased 1/2, and repeats the above mentioned process so as to select the optimum quantizer.

Claim 27

Dependent Claim 74 words

The orthogonal transform coding device according to claim 1, wherein the quantizer selecting means perform the step of dividing the small blocks included in a large block into a front half including quantizers from the leading one to jth one and a rear half, selecting one quantizer from the front half and rear half, which quantizers produces the nearest quantized values, transmitting the quantized value and information representing the quntizers and the number j.

Claim 28

Dependent Claim 88 words

The orthogonal transform coding device according to claim 1, wherein the quantizer selecting means perform the step of to detect the maximum values of the absolute value of the orthogonal transformed value in every small blocks, to select a quantizer of large quantization width for the small block having large maximum quantized value and a quantizer of small quantization width for the block having small maximum quantization value, to transmit the coded data representing one of the quantizers used and information representing each small block uses what quantizer.

Claim 29

Dependent Claim 61 words

The orthogonal transform coding device according to claim 1, wherein, for the brightness signals and two color difference signals, the quantizer selecting means select a quantizer having large quantization width for the signals which are hard to recognize the visual picture deterioration and select a quantizer having small quantization width for the signals which are easy to recognize visual picture deterioration.

Claim 30

Dependent Claim 41 words

The orthogonal transform coding device according to claim 1, wherein the device further comprises at least any one of a prefilter disposed before the large blocking means and a rear filter disposed for the reproduced output at the time of decoding.

Claim 31

Dependent Claim 30 words

The orthogonal transform coding device according to claim 30, wherein the prefilter and the rear filter compresses or expands the vertical components, horizontal components or skew components of the signal.

Claim 32

Dependent Claim 89 words

The orthogonal transform coding device according to claim 31, wherein the prefilter or rear filter divides the signals into four regions consisting of low frequency regions in the horizontal direction and vertical direction, a low frequency region in the horizontal direction and a high frequency region in the vertical direction, a high frequency region in the horizontal direction and a low frequency region in the vertical direction and high frequency regions in both horizontal and vertical directions, and compress or expand the respective regions, and add the respective regions.

Claim 33

Dependent Claim 49 words

The orthogonal transform coding device according to claims 31 and 32, the prefilter and the rear filter are provided with threshold values after dividing the signals into the four regions, and rounding the signals to 0 if the output value of each region is smaller than the threshold value.

Claim 34

Dependent Claim 46 words

The orthogonal transform coding device according to claims 31, 32 and 33, the prefilter and the rear filter acts to change the width of the compression band or the threshold value in response to the information of the quantizing means selected at the time of coding.

Claim 35

Dependent Claim 27 words

The orthogonal transform coding device according to claims 30, 31, 32, 33, 34 and 35, wherein the rear filter filters the signals between the frames or fields.

Claim 36

Dependent Claim 27 words

The orthogonal transform coding device according to claim 1, wherein the transmission means transmit the signals according to the order of importance at the time of reproducing.

An apparatus for orthogonal transform coding

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