Piezoelectric actuator

Claim 2

A piezoelectric device configured to apply a force to an object, said device comprising: (1) a crown having a friction surface which surface is proximate an object; (2) a bottom having a surface supported by a support structure; and (3) at least one piezoelectric shear body integrally located intermediate said crown and said bottom.

Claim 3

The piezoelectric device of Claim 1 further comprising: (1) sensing means for determining the relative position of the crown in relation to the position of said supported surface; (2) means for adjusting the proximate position, of the crown and the object; (3) means for detecting and measuring a physical contact force between the crown and said object; and (4) means for effecting an electric potential within said piezoelectric device to activate same and apply velocity and acceleration forces to said object.

Claim 4

The piezoelectric device of Claim 2 wherein said means for adjusting the proximate position of the crown and the object further comprise: (1) piezoelectric shear orthogonally directional tangential actuating portions; (2) a piezoelectric lifter portion for maintaining the normal force at a desired value despite changes in the geometry of the object and changes in the geometry of said device.

Claim 5

The piezoelectric device of Claim 2 wherein said means for detecting and measuring a physical contact force between the crown and the object comprises: (1) piezoelectric compression transduction portion; (2) piezoelectric shear orthogonally directional sensor portions; and (3) non-contacting orthogonally directional crown tangential positon detection means.

Claim 6

The piezoelectric device of Claim 2 wherein said means for effecting an electric potential within said device to activate same and apply a force to said object comprises: (1) controlling means; and (2) an electric charge source.

Claim 7

The piezoelectric device of Claim 2 having a pyramidal structure.

Claim 8

The piezoelectric device of Claim 2 wherein said object is a bar-like object.

Claim 9

The piezoelectric device of Claim 2 wherein said object is a disk-like object.

Claim 10

The piezoelectric device of Claim 2 wherein said object is a mirror.

Claim 11

The piezoelectric device of Claim 2 wherein said object is a lens.

Claim 12

The piezoelectric device of Claim 2 wherein said object is an optical grating.

Claim 13

The piezoelectric device of Claim 2 wherein said object is a cone-like object.

Claim 14

The piezoelectric device of Claim 2 wherein said object is spherical.

Claim 15

The piezoelectric device of Claim 2 wherein said object is a slab-like object.

Claim 16

The piezoelectric device of Claim 2 wherein said object is a circuit mask.

Claim 17

The piezoelectric device of Claim 2 wherein said object is an optical microscope sample.

Claim 18

The piezoelectric device of Claim 2 wherein said object is a tunnelling electron microscope sample.

Claim 19

The piezoelectric device of Claim 2 wherein said object is a wheel.

Claim 20

The piezoelectric device of Claim 2 wherein said device is a bearing.

Claim 21

An electric motor comprising: (1) a rotatable and translatable shaft including a shaft surface; (2) piezoelectric actuators associated with said shaft, said actuators further comprising: (a) at least one piezoelectric body including a crown having a friction surface which surface is proximate said shaft friction surface, and a bottom having a surface supported by a support structure; (b) sensing means for determining the position of the crown surface relative to said support structure; (c) means for adjusting the position of the crown friction surface relative to said shaft, friction surface; (d) means for detecting and measuring a physical contact force between the crown friction surface and said shaft; and (e) means for activating said actuators, (3) linear amplifiers acting tangential to the shaft; (4) lifter amplifiers acting normal to the shaft surface; and (5) means for effecting an electric potential within said ac­tuators to activate said shaft of said motor.

Claim 22

An electric motor comprising: (1) a rotatable and translatable shaft including a shaft surface; (2) piezoelectric actuators associated with said shaft, said actuators further comprising: (a) at least one piezoelectric body including a crown having a friction surface which surface is proximate said shaft friction surface, and a bottom having a surface supported by a support structure; (b) sensing means for determining the position of the crown surface relative to said support structure; (c) means for adjusting the position of the crown friction surface relative to said shaft, friction surface; (d) means for detecting and measuring a physical contact force between the crown friction surface and said shaft; and (e) means for activating said actuators, (3) linear amplifiers acting tangential to the shaft; (4) lifter amplifiers acting normal to the shaft surface; and (5) means for effecting an electric potential within said ac­tuators to activate said shaft of said motor.

Claim 23

The electric motor of Claim 20 wherein said means for adjusting the position of the crown friction surface relative to said shaft further comprises: (1) a piezoelectric shear portion acting tangential to the shaft surface; (2) a piezoelectric shear portion acting axial to the shaft surface; (3) a lifter piezoelectric portion acting radial to the shaft surface for maintaining the normal force at a desired value despite changes of geometry of the shaft.

Claim 24

The electric motor of Claim 20 wherein said means for detecting and measuring a physical contact force between the crown and the shaft comprises: (1) a piezoelectric compression transducer portion to detect forces normal to the shaft; (2) a piezoelectric shear transducer portion to detect force tangential to the shaft; (3) a piezoelectric shear transducer portion to detect force axial to the shaft; (4) a non-contacting crown position detecting means to detect crown position tangential to the shaft; and (5) a non-contacting crown position detecting means to detect crown position axial to the shaft.

Claim 25

The electric motor of Claim 20 wherein said means for effecting an electrical potential within said motor to activate same and apply a force to said shaft comprises: (1) controlling means; and (2) an electric charge source.

Claim 28

The piezoelectric device of Claim 3 wherein the piezoelectric lifter portion further comprises at least two dimorphs having grounded electrodes and active electrodes parallel to a desired direction of lifter translation.