Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 16
Claim 1
Independent Claim
311 words
A microwave balun for mixers and modulators using transverse electromagnetic (TEM) wave guides, consisting of two second-order reactance sections of electrical lengths equal to about a quarter of the wavelength of a radio-frequency signal, comprising an unbalanced input-port and a balanced output-port, characterized in that each section (I,II) comprises two conductive strips of microstrip-like wave guides, placed in such a way above a ground plane formed by a bottom metallization (0) of a lower layer substrate (3), in that one of the said guides (1,2) is on the top side of the lower substrate, and the other guide (l',2') placed thereabove is separated therefrom by the material volume of an upper layer substrate (4) and is on the top side of the upper substrate, in that a pair of guides, any one from each section, being input guides (1,2) is connected with each other by two ends (12,21), while one of the remaining two ends (11) thereof is connected to the input (10), and the other (22) is terminated for a radio-frequency signal by a reflecting element, in that the second pair of the remaining guides (l',2') forming a pair of output guides, forms with two ends (12',21') thereof, one from each section, a pair of output-port terminals, while each of the remaining ends (22',11') of the pair of output guides is terminated for a radio-frequency signal by a reflecting element, in that phases of the said reflecting elements are dependent on the configuration choice of the input and the output ports, and in that the phase choice of the reflecting element terminating the end of input guides, the opposite one to the input-port (10), and the cross-section dimensions and material constants of the material used, have values dependent on the required broadband properties according to the set of transmission-reflection parameters of the balun and the required input and output impedance.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
311 words
A microwave balun for mixers and modulators using transverse electromagnetic (TEM) wave guides, consisting of two second-order reactance sections of electrical lengths equal to about a quarter of the wavelength of a radio-frequency signal, comprising an unbalanced input-port and a balanced output-port, characterized in that each section (I,II) comprises two conductive strips of microstrip-like wave guides, placed in such a way above a ground plane formed by a bottom metallization (0) of a lower layer substrate (3), in that one of the said guides (1,2) is on the top side of the lower substrate, and the other guide (l',2') placed thereabove is separated therefrom by the material volume of an upper layer substrate (4) and is on the top side of the upper substrate, in that a pair of guides, any one from each section, being input guides (1,2) is connected with each other by two ends (12,21), while one of the remaining two ends (11) thereof is connected to the input (10), and the other (22) is terminated for a radio-frequency signal by a reflecting element, in that the second pair of the remaining guides (l',2') forming a pair of output guides, forms with two ends (12',21') thereof, one from each section, a pair of output-port terminals, while each of the remaining ends (22',11') of the pair of output guides is terminated for a radio-frequency signal by a reflecting element, in that phases of the said reflecting elements are dependent on the configuration choice of the input and the output ports, and in that the phase choice of the reflecting element terminating the end of input guides, the opposite one to the input-port (10), and the cross-section dimensions and material constants of the material used, have values dependent on the required broadband properties according to the set of transmission-reflection parameters of the balun and the required input and output impedance.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
27 words
A microwave balun according to claim 1, characterized in that the terminals of the balanced output (12', 21') are loaded with a directly connected balanced load (7).
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
39 words
A microwave balun according to claim 1, characterized in that the terminals of the balanced output (12', 21') are loaded with a balanced load connected through the intermediary of a balanced transmission line (9), preferably as short as possible.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
30 words
A microwave balun according to claim 1, characterized in that the terminals of the balanced output (12 1 , 21') are loaded with a pair of unbalanced loads connected directly.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
39 words
A microwave balun according to claim 1, characterized in that the terminals of the balanced output (12', 21') are loaded with a pair of unbalanced loads connected through the intermediary of unbalanced transmission lines, preferably as short as possible.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
30 words
A microwave balun according to claim 1, characterized in that the terminals of the balanced output (12', 21') are loaded with electronically controlled elements or assembly of elements connected directly.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
40 words
A microwave balun according to claim 1, characterized in that the terminals of the balanced output (12', 21') are loaded with electronically controlled elements or assembly of elements connected through the intermediary of transmission lines, preferably as short as possible.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
39 words
A microwave balun according to claim 1, characterized in that the terminals of the -balanced output (12', 21') are loaded with semiconductor junctions produced directly in the layered material of the lower substrate (3) and/or the upper substrate (4).
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
45 words
A microwave balun according to claim 1, characterized in that at least a part of the section of any wave guides of the balun comprises a distributed semiconductor junction produced directly in the layered material of the lower substrate (3) and/or the upper substrate (4).
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
20 words
A microwave balun according to claim 1, characterized in that the reflecting element is an electronically controlled element connected directly.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
26 words
A microwave balun according to claim 1, characterized in that the reflecting element is an electronically controlled element connected through the intermediary of a transmission line.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
29 words
A microwave balun according to claim 1, characterized in that the reflecting element is the input of an external reflecting system, connected through the intermediary of a transmission line.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
28 words
A microwave balun according to claim 1, characterized in that the terminals of the balanced output (12', 21') are loaded directly with a balanced output of another balun.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
39 words
A microwave balun according to claim 1, characterized in that the terminals of the balanced output (12', 21') are loaded with a balanced output of another balun connected through the intermediary of transmission lines, preferably as short as possible.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
35 words
A microwave balun according to claim 1, characterized in that the terminals of the balanced output (12', 21') are loaded with a balanced output of another balun connected through the intermediary of electronically controlled elements.