Patent US4507387A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
USRE29136E
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Enzymatic process using immobilized microbial cells
Assignee: RJ Reynolds Tobacco Co
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Filing: 1975-10-14
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Granted: 1977-02-15
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Expires: 1995-10-14
Abstract
Abstract Microbial cells having active enzymes associated therewith are subjected to flocculation conditions to produce a flocculated whole cell aggregate that .Iadd.is subsequently dried. The dried aggregate .Iaddend.is useful in effecting enzyme-catalyzed chemical transformations. Substrates are brought into contact with the flocculated cell aggregates where they undergo chemical transformations in the presence of active enzymes associated with the cells.
Inventors
- 👤 Chin K. Lee
- 👤 Margaret E. Long
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-02 02:03
CPC Classifications
C; C12; C12N; C12N1/00; C12N1/02; C12N11/00; C12N11/02; C12P; C12P19/00; C12P19/24
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 17
Claim 1
Independent Claim
66 words
A process for effecting an enzyme-catalyzed transformation of a substrate in the presence of flocculated whole microbial cells having associated therewith active quantities of said enzyme which comprises contacting said substrate with an aggregate comprising said cells and a polyelectrolyte flocculating agent under conditions suitable for effecting said enzyme-catalyzed transformation, .Iadd.said aggregate having been dried prior to use in said enzyme-catalyzed transformation, .Iaddend.and recovering transformed substrate.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
66 words
A process for effecting an enzyme-catalyzed transformation of a substrate in the presence of flocculated whole microbial cells having associated therewith active quantities of said enzyme which comprises contacting said substrate with an aggregate comprising said cells and a polyelectrolyte flocculating agent under conditions suitable for effecting said enzyme-catalyzed transformation, .Iadd.said aggregate having been dried prior to use in said enzyme-catalyzed transformation, .Iaddend.and recovering transformed substrate.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
23 words
A process according to claim 1 in which said flocculating agent is selected from the group consisting of anionic polyelectrolytes and cationic polyelectrolytes.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
60 words
A process according to claim 1 in which said aggregate comprises whole microbial cells, a flocculating agent and a filter aid. .[.4. A process according to claim 1 in which said aggregate is dried prior to use in said enzyme-catalyzed transformation..]. .[.5. A process according to claim 1 in which said aggregate is frozen prior to use in said enzyme-catalyzed
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
54 words
transformation..]. 6. In a process for converting glucose to fructose in the presence of whole microbial cells containing active quantities of a glucose-isomerizing enzyme, the improvement which comprises contacting a glucose-containing liquor with an aggregate possessing glucose-isomerizing enzyme activity and comprising said cells flocculated with a polyelectrolyte flocculating agent.Iadd., said aggregate having been dried
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
54 words
transformation..]. 6. In a process for converting glucose to fructose in the presence of whole microbial cells containing active quantities of a glucose-isomerizing enzyme, the improvement which comprises contacting a glucose-containing liquor with an aggregate possessing glucose-isomerizing enzyme activity and comprising said cells flocculated with a polyelectrolyte flocculating agent.Iadd., said aggregate having been dried
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
37 words
prior to use in said process.Iaddend.. 7. A process according to claim 6 in which said cells are derived from a microorganism belonging to the genus Arthrobacter. .[.8. A process according to claim 7 in which said
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
26 words
aggregate is dried prior to use in said process..]. 9. A process according to claim 6 in which said cells are derived from a microorganism belonging
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
70 words
to the genus Streptomyces. 10. A continuous process for converting glucose to fructose in the presence of polyelectrolyte-flocculated whole microbial cells containing active quantities of a glucose-isomerizing enzyme.Iadd., said polyelectrolyte-flocculated whole microbial cells having been dried prior to use in said process, .Iaddend.which comprises passing a glucose-containing liquor through a bed of said cells to convert a portion of the glucose in said liquor to fructose and recovering an effluent
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
70 words
to the genus Streptomyces. 10. A continuous process for converting glucose to fructose in the presence of polyelectrolyte-flocculated whole microbial cells containing active quantities of a glucose-isomerizing enzyme.Iadd., said polyelectrolyte-flocculated whole microbial cells having been dried prior to use in said process, .Iaddend.which comprises passing a glucose-containing liquor through a bed of said cells to convert a portion of the glucose in said liquor to fructose and recovering an effluent
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
24 words
liquor containing glucose and fructose. 11. A process according to claim 10 in which said cells are derived from a microorganism belonging to the
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
48 words
genus Arthrobacter. 12. A process according to claim 11 in which said .[.cells are dried prior to use, said.]. bed is maintained at a temperature between 50° and 90° C., said glucose-containing liquor has a pH of about 6 to 10 and the portion of glucose converted to
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
26 words
fructose is between 1 and 50 percent. 13. A process according to claim 10 in which said cells are derived from a microorganism belonging to the
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
77 words
genus Streptomyces. 14. A process for converting glucose to fructose which comprises contacting under conditions suitable for glucose isomerization an aqueous glucose-containing solution with flocculated microbial cells having active quantities of a glucose-isomerizing enzyme associated therewith to effect isomerization of a portion of said glucose, wherein said flocculated cells are used in the form of an aggregate resulting from prior treatment of unflocculated cells with a polyelectrolyte flocculating agent with said flocculating agent including a cationic polyelectrolyte
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
77 words
genus Streptomyces. 14. A process for converting glucose to fructose which comprises contacting under conditions suitable for glucose isomerization an aqueous glucose-containing solution with flocculated microbial cells having active quantities of a glucose-isomerizing enzyme associated therewith to effect isomerization of a portion of said glucose, wherein said flocculated cells are used in the form of an aggregate resulting from prior treatment of unflocculated cells with a polyelectrolyte flocculating agent with said flocculating agent including a cationic polyelectrolyte
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
50 words
and said aggregate being dried prior to use. 15. A process according to claim 14 in which said aggregate is maintained at a temperature between 50° and 90° C., said glucose-containing solution has a pH of about 6 to 10 and said cells are derived from a microoganism belonging to
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
24 words
the genus Arthrobacter. 16. A process according to claim 14 in which said cells are derived from a microorganism belonging to the genus Streptomyces.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1980-02-15 | 1980-08-16 | 1981-02-15 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1984-02-15 | 1984-08-16 | 1985-02-15 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1988-02-15 | 1988-08-16 | 1989-02-15 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |